2021届武汉市晒湖中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析

2021届武汉市晒湖中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASteppingOutIntoNatureTheclassicroadtripismorepopularthanever.Hereareseveralplacestohittheopenroad.Colo-roadTripsTheColoradoTourismOfficehasmadeiteasyforroad-tripperstoexplorethestate’s24Scenic&HistoricByways.Anewmicrositeincludes-aninteractivemapthatenablestravelerstoexploreoptionsbyregion,interestorseason.Travelersseekinginspirationcanalsoaccessinsidertipsandside-tripsuggestionsforhistoricattractions,activeadventuresandhighlightculturalopportunities.TheBeartoothHighway.VisitorsofthisextraordinarybywayexperiencethegrandsightsofMontana,WyomingandYellowstonePark.Thewindy68-milestretchintroducesroadexplorerstooneofthemostdiverseecosystemsaccessiblebyauto.Breathtakinglybeautiful,thisAll-AmericanRoadshowcaseswide,highalpineplateaus（高原）,paintedwithicebluelakes,forestedvalleys,waterfallsandwildlife.SewardHighway,AlaskaTheroadthatconnectsAnchoragetoSewardis127-miletreasureofnaturalbeauty,wildlifeandstoriesofadventure.ThedrivebeginsatthebaseoftheChugachMountains,hugsthescenicshoresofTurnagainArmandwindsthroughgoldminingtowns,nationalforestsandfishingvillages.Expectwaterfalls,glaciers,eaglesandsomegoodbearstories.TheLighthouseTrail,MaineTravelthe375milesbetweenKitteryandCalais,Maine,visitinglighthousesalongtheway.Heartalesofshipwrecks（海难）andofthedifficultandlonelylifeledbythosewhokeptthelightsburningbrightly.Ifpossible,visittheMaineLighthouseMuseum.whereartifactsandhands-onexhibitsforchildrenprovideanappealingbreak.1.WhatmakesColo-roadTipsspecial?A.Goodbearstories. B.Ascenicbeach. C.Hands-onexhibits. D.Aninteractivemap.Wherecanyouexplorestateofgoldminers?A.Colorado.B.Montana.C.Alaska.D.MaineWhichplaceissuitableforafamilywithchildren?A.Colo-roadTrips. B.TheBeartoothHighway.C.SewardHighway. D.TheLighthouseTrail.BHaveyoueverdonesomethingthatwasreallydangerousjustbecauseyouthoughtitwassafe？Maybeyoudidadangeroustrickonyourbicycleorskateboardbecauseyouwerewearingahelmetandthoughtyoucouldn’tgethurt.Thepsychology^N理）ofthissortofbehavioriscalledthePeltzmanEffect,namedafterSamPeltzman,professorofeconomicsattheUniversityofChicago.Peltzmanbelievesthatthosemomentswhenpeoplethinktheyarethesafestarethetimeswhentheyactmostdangerously.Peltzmansaidthatpeopledrovemoredangerouslywhentheyworeseatbelts（安全带）.Drivingalargefour-wheeldrivevehiclehasasimilareffectondrivers’behavior.Becausedriversoflargevehiclessituphigherandcanseebetter,theyfeeltheycanmakebetterjudgmentswhentheydrive.Theyarebetterprotectedinaccidents,sotheyactmoredangerously.Thismakesdrivingmorehazardoustootherdrivers.ThePeltzmanEffectisn’tjustlimitedtodriving.In1972,theAmericanFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）passedalawrequiringchildsafetycapsonmostmedicinebottles.Thesafetycapsweredesignedtopreventchildrenfromaccidentallytakingthemedicine,especiallypainkillerssuchasaspirin.Requiringsafetycapssoundedlikeagreatidea,buttherewasanunexpectedsideeffect.Becausethesafetycapsaresohardtotakeoff,somepeopleleavethemoffaltogether．Worse,someparentsleavethebottleswherekidscanreachthembecausetheyfeelthatitissafebecauseofthecap.AstudyonthePeltzmanEffectshowedthatmorethan3,500childrenhavebeenharmedbyaspirinbecauseofthesafetycaps.ThePeltzmanEffectdescribeshowwe’relikelytotakemorerisksandactmoredangerouslywhenwefeelsafest.What’smore,theeffectsofthesebehaviorscanbequitedifferentfromwhatweexpect.WhatisthePeltzmanEffect？Peoplebehavelesssafelywhentheyfeelsafe．Peoplefeelsafestwhentheyareunderprotection．Somethingthatseemsdangerousturnsouttobesafe．Peoplewhoactdangerouslyarelikelytobetogether．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazardous”inParagraph2mean？A.Interesting．B.Expensive．C.Dangerous． D.Important．Medicinebottleswithsafetycaps ．arerequiredthroughouttheworldmeetthedemandsofthePeltzmanEffectsellwellintheworldarenotcompletelysafeWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？UnsafeSafetyMeasuresTypesofDecisionMakingPeople’sFearofTakingRisksDifferentBehaviorsofPeopleinDangerCWhenyouwalkwithabackpack,doyouknowhowthethingsinsidemovefromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtotapintothatmovementtoproduceelectricity.Pictureapendulum（摆锤）fixedtoabackpackframeandstabilizedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack’sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Thenamachineisdrivenbythatswingingmovement,andspitsoutelectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.VolunteerscarriedthepackwhilewalkingonarunningmachineandworemaskstomeasuretheflowofO2andCO2.Walkingwiththeslightlyswinging20-poundload,thedevice（设备）didnotsignificantlyaffectthevolunteers’metabolic（新陈代谢的）ratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofaccelerationthey’dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickle（涓流）ofelectricity.Ifyouuptheloadto45pounds,theswingofthepackcouldfullychargeasmartphoneonlyafter12hours.ThedetailsareinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Thedeviceproduceselectricityfromhumanmovementandhasbeenidentifiedasaworkablesolutiontoprovidingarenewableenergysourceforportableelectronicdevices.Itisparticularlyusefulforthosewhoworkinremoteareas,asthesepeopleoftencarryalotofweightinabackpackfortheirexploration.Buthere'sarealconundrum:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearcherssaythat’saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheload,toensurethepackchargesyouupwithoutweighingyoudown.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?Howthedeviceworks.Whatthedevicelookslike.Whothedeviceisdesignedfor.Whyscientistsdesignedthedevice.Whichofthefollowingdescribesthedevice?Itgreatlyaffectedthevolunteersmetabolicrate.Itharvestedenergyasthevolunteerswalk.Itfailedtoproducesteadyelectricity.Itwasuselessforalongwalk.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conundrum”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Problem. B.Method. C.Bond. D.Decision.Whatwilltheresearcherstrytodonext?Increasethechargingspeedoftheirdevice.Findsmarteralternativestobatteries.Reducetheweightoftheirdevice.Puttheirdeviceonthemarket.DThisyearresearchersexpecttheworldtosnap1.35trillionphotographs,orabout3.7billionperday.Allthosepixels（像素）takeupalotofroomiftheyarestoredonpersonalcomputersorsphones,whichisonereasonwhymanypeoplestoretheirimagesinthecloud.Butunlikeahardondrivewhichcanbeencryptedtoprotectitsdata,cloudstorageusershavetotrustthatatechplatformwillkeeptheirprivatepicturessafe.NowateamofColumbiaUniversitycomputerscientistshasdevelopedatooltoencrypt（加密）imagesstoredonmanypopularcloudserviceswhileallowingauthorizeduserstobrowseanddisplaytheirphotographsasusual.Malicious（恶意的）attemptstoaccessorleakcloud-basedphotographscanexposepersonalinformation.InNovember2019,forexample,abuginthepopularphotographstorageappGooglePhotosmistakenlysharedsomeusers'privatevideoswithstrangers.Securityexpertsalsoworryaboutemployeesatcloudstoragecompaniesonpurposeaccessingusers'images.SotheColumbiaresearcherscameupwithasystemcalledEasySecurePhotos（ESP）,whichtheypresentedatarecentconference.“Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusingexistingservices,”sayscomputerscientistJasonNieh,oneofthedevelopersofESP.“EveryonewantstostaywithGooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageservice.”Toovercomethisproblem,theycreatedatoolthatpreservesblocksofpixelsbutmovesthemaroundtoeffectivelyhidethephotograph.First,ESP'salgorithm（算法）dividesaphotographintothreeseparatefiles,eachonecontainingtheimage'sred,greenorbluecolor1data.Thenthesystemhidesthepixelblocksaroundamongthesethreefiles（allowingablockfromtheredfile,forinstance,tohideoutinthegreenorblueones）.Buttheprogramdoesnothingwithinthepixelblocks,wherealltheimageprocessinghappens.Asaresult,thefilesremainunchangedimagesbutenduplookinglikegrainyblack-and-whiteonestoanyonewhoaccessesthemwithoutthedecryption（解密）key.What'sprobablythemainpurposeforpeopletostoreimagesinthecloud?A.Tosavestorageroom. B.Tomakephotosbeautiful.C.Totryanewstorageway. D.Tokeeptheirprivacysafe.Whymightemployeesincloudstoragecompaniesbedistrustedbyexperts?Theysellusers'passwords.Theyhaveinventednewtools.Theyoftenletoutpersonalinformation.Theymaystealaglanceatusers'images.What'stheadvantageofESP?Itcanprovideclearimages.Itcandecreasetheuploadtime.Itcanclassifyimagesautomatically.Itcanencryptdataontheoriginalplatform.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Methodofdecryption. B.Image-processingtechnique.C.Separatefilesofimages. D.Dataanalysisofcolor1s.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Doyouhaveahobby?Somethingyoulookforwardtospendingyourtimewith?Somethingyoulovetodo? 16 Ormakingmodelairplanes.Sketching.Ormakingusefulthingsoutofwastematerial.Itcouldbeamusicalinstrumentthatyouloveplaying.Orsinginganddancing.Therearemanythingsthatahobbycangiveyou,apartfromanenjoyabletime.Sashaywasashyboybutthroughhisinterestinmodelairplaneshelearnedthevalueofstickingtoataskuntilitwasfinished.Hismodelairplaneclubbroughthimtogetintotouchwithsimilarsouls. 17 Havingahobbyhelpsyourelaxandgetawayfromtheroutinesofschool. 18 Youreallyneedthiswelldeservedone,too!Itgivesyoufocus,selfdependence,confidenceandbuildsyourpersonality.Thisisanopportunitytoloseyourselfinanenjoyableactivity,awayfromthepressureofschool,soattheendofit,youfeelrelaxedandyet,mentallycharged.Yourhobbydefinesyou.___19___Anditalsoshowsyouwhatyouaregoodat,andhowfaryoucango,whenyouapplyyourself. 20 .Forahobbyis:Happiness:somethingwhichyoulookforwardtodoing.Opportunity:tonurtureanddevelopyourspecialanduniqueskillsandcelebratethem.Believeinyourself:makesyouunderstandyourstrongadvantagesandimprovesyourconfidence.Bestinyou:bringsoutyourbest—forineachoneofusthereisabestthatisonlyours.YOUgivesyouauniquecharacter,andmakesyouYOU!Sogoaheadanddevelopahobby.Itgivesyouabreak.Itprovesyourability.Hobbiesshowyourcharacter.Itshowsyourspecialskills.Itcouldbecollectingsomething.Helearnedtomakefriendsforthefirsttime.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项I’veneverthoughtthatafundraisercouldhavehadsuchahugeinfluenceonmylife.Backin5thgrade,ourschoolannouncedafundraiserandeachclasswouldgetaboxtofillitupwithsmall 21 .Tomakemyclasstocometothefirstplaceinthefundraiser,Itooktwofifty-dollarbills 22 toschoolandtossedthemintothebox.Twoweekslater,myparentsaskedmeaboutthe 23 .Theysaidtheyhaddiscoveredthetruthandweren’t 24 ,butImustdosomethingto 25 it.Mydadhadtheperfectideainmind.Theday 26 Christmas,hetookmetoSt.John’sHospiceandsaidweweregoingtobe 27 inthekitchen,makingmealsforthe300—400 28 menthatcameineachday.Asthelunchbegan,IthoughtIcould 29 thisbyplayingwithmynewtoys.But 30 themealtimewenton,Ifoundthesemenwereoverjoyedatthe 31 foodtheywerereceiving,whichIcouldn’t 32 .Iconsidereditafairlycommonwintermeal.Ihadalwaysheardaboutgivingtotheneedy,butIneverfully33ituntilthatday.Itwasenlightening（富有启发性的）toseehowthankfultheywereforsomethingthatIthoughtwas 34 .IlearnedthatIdidn’t 35 needallthematerialisticthingsIinitially（最初）desired.Onthedrivehome,mydad36McDonald'sforlunchandIimmediatelyansweredno.IknewthatIdidn’t 37 it.ThatdayIcametoknowhow 38 thefeelingistohelppeopleinneed.InowreturntoStJohn’sHospiceeveryyear,tryingtomakea 39 .ThisiswhyIambecomingadoctor.Iwillmakeadifferenceinpeople’slivesjustlikemyfather 40 onthatDecember26th.21.A.clothB.cardsC.changeD.books22.A.typicallyB.secretlyC.seriouslyD.carefully23.A.prizeB.boxC.presentD.money24.A.angryB.shyC.wiseD.calm25.A.comeupwithB.lookbackon C.makeupfor D.getbackto26.A.afterB.fromC.overD.for27.A.eatingB.workingC.standingD.sleeping28.A.homelessB.friendlessC.disabledD.upset29.A.succeedinB.waitforC.leaveoutD.getover30.A.althoughB.unlessC.asD.since31.A.fastB.simpleC.tastyD.healthy32.A.avoidB.rememberC.possessD.believe33.A.understoodB.acceptedC.supported D.imagined34.A.uselessB.funnyC.cheapD.silly35.A.usuallyB.reallyC.merelyD.roughly36.A.admittedB.insistedC.requiredD.suggested37.A.doubtB.noticeC.needD.gather38.A.familiarB.matureC.similarD.good39.A.planB.differenceC.decisionD.recordA.did B.took C.enjoyed D.promised第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式BrunoMarswasbornintoaverymusicalfamilyinHawaii.Whenhewasyoung,heoftenperformedonthestagewithhisfamily,___41.___gavehimfullconfidenceandexperience.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,Bruno___42.___(decide)tomovetoLosAngelestobuildhismusiccareer.Itwasn’teasy,though.Hewasusedtogivingperformances___43.___(regular)asamusicianinHawaii.ButinLosAngelescompetitionwasmuch___44.___(strong),soBrunohadahardtimebreakingintothemusicindustry.___45.___thedesiretogiveupwasgreat,heneverdid.Brunofoundthathecouldmakemoneyandbecomefamousbywritingsongsforfamoussingers.In2010Bruno___46.___(ask)torecordoneofhissongs,whichrocketedtothetopofthecharts.Thatsameyearhereleasedhisfirstoriginalsong,“JusttheWayYouAre”. 47. alsohitnumberone.Thesong’s___48.___(succeed)broughtBrunoinstantfameandstarstatus.SincethenBrunoMars___49.___(receive)numerousmusicawardsandhonors.Hehassoldmorethan130millionrecords,makinghimoneof