2021年浙江高考英语复习练习讲义：专题十七概要写作

专题十七概要写作探考情悟真题【考情探究】考点考查内容考查方式 考情分析2019-062018-11 2018-06 2017-112017-06考点考查内容考查方式 考情分析2019-062018-11 2018-06 2017-112017-06.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现情况；提供一篇350词以内的概要写2.概括要点时语法结构和词汇短文，要求考生基于该如何有效 建议参观要作 应用的准确性； 短文写出一篇60词左右表扬孩子 去读的大学.文章上下文的连贯性；的内容概要.各要点表达的独立性。分析解读根据高考综合改革试验区英语科目考试说明，写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作。两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。新高考实行的六次考试中，前四次是读后续写，最近的两次是概要写作。从概要写作的特点和考试的次数分布情况看，今后考到概要写作的可能性还是很大的。概要写作是综合性的写作考查。要求考生首先对原文章有准确的理解,对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用准确、丰富的语言以及高级的语法结构写出包含所有要点的短文。所以,考生要想做好这道题,就必须注意以下几点：⑴准确理解文章。⑵把握文章的各个要点。⑶使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的关联词。(4)使用自己的语言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。【真题探秘】体戴：说明支2018浙江2018浙江11月真题再现概要写作的文章一阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要写作的文章一般都是说明文或议It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecause论文。文章结构比较theirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwill清楚，段落之间的逻giveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollege辑关系也很紧密。campus（校园）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,文章第一段开门见classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.It山，提出观点：在你seemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisit申请大学之前，要去collegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouare亲自看看目标大学。applyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,第二段特别指出一anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherigh定要去看看附近的one. 大学。There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,第二段的内容是：如alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,and果你在申请之前没obviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchof有去过，在申请之apossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout! 后,或得到0ffer之前，一定要去看看，Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,atthevery免得将来后悔。leastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcan第四段的主要内容saveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyou是:如果无法亲自去don'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknow参观的话，可以登录unlessyouactuallyvisit. 网站了解相关的信息。Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顾问），anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.参考范文Itisawisechoiceforyoutopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto,especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.（要点1）Inordertoavoidbeingregretful,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattend.5（点2）Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.（^^3）范文鉴赏►.范文准确地把握了各个段落的要点。.各个要点之间的连接都很顺畅,相互关系密切。.文章使用了比较高级的词汇和结构。如:Itisawisechoice;youareapplyingto;thatareclosetoyou;avoidbeingregretful;notaffordable;whereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation,破考点练考向【五年高考】Writing（2019浙江6月）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,“saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate相称的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.答案［写作提示］.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。Onepossibleversion:Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.（主旨）Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.（要点1）Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids'development.（要点2）Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.要点3）Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids'propereffort,regardlessoftheresult.（要点4）【三年模拟】A组2018—2020年模拟-基础题组Writing1（2020届浙江之江教育联盟一模）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Anoldsayinggoesthatanearneighborisbetterthanadistantcousin.Thissayinghasfullyprovedthatneighborsaresosignificantinourlife.Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherbuildhousesandclearfields.Theycouldoffertimelyhelpwhensomeonewasintrouble.Familiesdependedononeanotherforfriendshipandentertainment.Theysharedhappinessandsorrowfromtimetotime,whichbroughtaharmoniousatmosphere.However,nowadays,lackofcommunicationandinteractionbetweenneighborsisthenorm.Closerelationshipbetweenneighborsisnotcommoninourcities.Afamilymaynotevenknowtheotherfamiliesthatlivenextdoortothem.WeliveinanageofmachinesandtheInternet,andeachfamilyhasitsowncar,TVset,andwashingmachine.Peoplenolongerdependonneighborsasmuchastheyoncedid.MachinesandtheInternetkeeppeopleapart.Inourgrandparents'time,womenmetwhiletheyhungoutthewashing,andmenstoppedandtalkedwhiletheymowedtheirlawns.Today,theycan'thearanythingabovethenoiseoftheirpowerlawnmowers.Andwomenstayinsidewiththeirelectricaldryers.ChildrenareinsidewatchingtheirfavoriteTVshowsorplayingcomputergames.Istheideaofbeingagoodneighborold-fashioned?In1965,apowercuthitNewYorkCity,andthousandsofpeoplewerelefthelpless.Suddenlyeveryonesharedthesameproblem,andthelargestcitybecameagroupofeightmillionneighbors.Peoplewithcarsofferedridestothosewalking.Otherpeoplehelpeddirecttraffic.Trappedinelevators,peopleplayedwordgamesandhelpedkeepeachotheringoodspirits.Intimesoftrouble,peoplestilldependononeanother.Astimegoeson,peoplemayonceagainfeelthatbeingagoodneighborisimportant.答案［写作提示］本文是说明文,文章介绍了过去和现在的邻里关系。文章第一段指出了邻居的重要性。第二段介绍了过去美好的邻里关系。第三段介绍了现在的邻居关系。最后一段通过描写纽约市的一次停电事故发生后人们的表现,展示了做一名好邻居的重要性。写作时，应依据自然段概括要点。Onepossibleversion:Neighborsplayanimportantroleinourlife.要点1）Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherandlivedaharmoniouslife.（要点2）Admittedly,owingtodevicesandtheInternet,neighborsdriftapart,resultinginlittlecontactbetweeneachothernow.（要点3）Nevertheless,undergoingapowerfailureenabledresidentsinNewYorkCitytobecomeneighbors,andtheyassistedandencouragedoneanother,whichillustratesthesignificanceandpopularityofbeingagoodneighbor.（要点4）Writing2（2020届浙江嘉兴一模）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Didyouknowthat60.2%ofUSfamiliesowndogs?That'saboutmillionfamilies.Besidesbeingafaithfulcompanion,thesefriendsalsoprovidemanyhealthbenefitsthatcanbetrulylife-changingforyourfitnessandwellness.Mostdogsneedtodotheirbusinessoutsidemanytimesperday,soyouareupandmovingmoreoftenthannon-petpeople.Adogownerspends300minutesperweekwalkingonaverage,comparedtoanon-petperson's168minutes.Frequentdailyexerciselowersyourbloodpressureandreducesyourchancesofsufferingfromheartdisease.Yourphysicalhealthisn'ttheonlythingthatgetsbetterwithacompaniondog.Youcanalsoimproveyourmentalwell-being.Peoplesufferingfromanxietyfindithelpfultohaveadogonhandthat'shappytoprovideassistance.Youncaindmanydogsoperatingasemotionalsupportanimals,andhelpingpeopleinstressfulsituationsfeelbetter.Ifyourdogisveryactive,youcouldfindyourselftakingyourfriendallovertheplace.Ifyoutakeyourdogtotheforest,youactuallyloweryourtendencytosuffernegativefeelings.Astudydiscoveredthatthepartofthebrainthatismostactivewhenyoudealwithnegativethingscalmsdownwhenyouspendtimeamongthetrees.Thedogownershiproutineallowsyoutobuildhealthyhabitsanditalsogivesyoutheopportunitytomakesocialconnections.Dogparksarefilledwithpeopleyoushareacommoninterestwith,andthereareplentyofpeoplewholovetogivedogsafriendlypat轻拍）duringwalks.Alloftheseareopportunitiestohavenewgreatfriendshipsandotheremotionalconnections.答案［写作提示］本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了养狗的好处。文章第一段提出中心论点。第二段至第四段分别就中心论点进行阐述。注意把握各段的核心词。Onepossibleversion:ManyUSfamilieshavedogsandthesecompanionanimalshelpimprovepeople'shealthinmanyways.要点1）Takingthedogforawalkeverydaycontributestophysicalhealth.要点2）Besides,dogs,whichcanofferpeopleemotionalsupportorgetthemclosetonature,bringpsychologicalbenefits.（要点3）Theyalsoprovidemorechancesofpositivesocialinteractionwithpeopleofthesameinterest.要（点4）Writing3（2019浙江宁波二模）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays,itismostprobablethatyouhaveanelectronicdeviceloadedwithhundredsoreventhousandsofyourfavouritesongs.Atanymoment,youcanfillyourheadphoneswiththesoundsofaparticularsongthatsuitsyourmoodatthatexacttime.Musicissocommon.Buthaveyourealizedthepowerofit?Areyougettingreadyforabigsoccermatchordoyouneedtogetexcited?Maybesomehiphopwithastrongbeatwilldothetrick!Besides,youmightbereadytostudyforabigexamthenextday.Tohelpyoustudybetter,alittlebitofMozartmightmakeyourememberthingsbetter.Wemayallhavebeenmovedbyparticularsongsthatspoketousinsomesituations.Butisthereanyscientificevidenceshowingthatmusicreallyhassuchaneffectonpeople?Ofcourse,thereis!Scientistshavelongrecognizedthepowerofmusic.Overtheyears,manystudieshavebeendonetoexamineingreaterdepththenatureandextentoftheeffectsmusichasonpeople.ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatlisteningtomusiccanhavepositiveeffectsonyourmood.Theirresearchgivesscientificcredibility同靠性）tothebehaviorthatmanypeoplehavealreadyexperiencedontheirown:listeningtoupbeatmusiccanbrightenyourdayandboostyourmood.Otherstudieshaveshownthatupbeatmusicisn'ttheonlytypofmusicthatcanbehelpful,however.Whenpeoplearesadorhavesufferedasenseofloss,sadmusiccanbehelpfulbecausethetoneandlyricsofthemusiccanresonate引起共鸣）withthelisteners.Likewise,peopleunderalotofstressorexperiencingupsettingsituationscanbenefitfromlisteningtoangrymusic.Althoughangrymusicmightnothelpyouifyou'reinanormalmood,itstonecanbenefityouwhenyouaredealingwithstressfulandupsettingsituations.答案［写作提示］本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐对人们的益处。文章段落清楚要点明确。概要写作时以自然段为基础概括。Onepossibleversion:Nowadays,withmoderndevices,musictoyourtasteiseasilyaccessible.要点1）Withitspower,musicmightbenefityouinmanyways.（要点2）Scientistshaveresearchedintothenatureandextentofmusic'seffectsonhumans.（要点3）ScientistsattheUniversityofMissourihaveprovenupbeatmusiccancheeryouup.（要点4）Besides,sadmusicandangrymusichavealsobeenfoundtobehelpful.^点5）Writing4（2019浙江温州二模）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Formanyhighschoolstudents,givinganin-classpresentationisanapproachtotheirgrowth.Teacherswillcallupstudents,onebyone,topresenttheirworkinfrontoftheclass,and,thoughitisoftentense,manypeoplesayithashelpedturnthemintomoreconfidentpublicspeakers.Someeducatorsalsocredititwithbuildingleadershipskillsandincreasingstudents'confidenceandinderstandingofmaterials.Butinthepastfewyears,studentshavestartedcallingforanendtoin-classpresentationsastheyshowdiscriminationagainstthosewithanxiety.Thisweek,atweetpostedbya15-year-oldhighschoolstudentdeclaring“Stopforcingstudentstopresentinfrontoftheclassandgivethemachoicenotto”receivedmorethan130,000retweetsandnearlyhalfamillionlikes.Infact,beingahighschoolernowadaysismorestressfulthanever.Studentsareburdenedwithextrahoursofhomework.Theystayupeverynighttill1:00a.m.finishinghomeworkontheirthirdRedBull.Anxietyisincreasingatafasterratethandepression（抑郁）astheleadingmental-healthissueaffectingteenagers,arecentstudyintheJournalofDevelopmentalandBehavioralPediatricsfound.Thesestudentswantmoreoptions.Theysaythateverystudenthasuniquestrengthsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtopresenttheirworkinwaysthataredifferenttothosestrengths.Thismightmeanpresentingaloneinfrontoftheteacher,orchoosingbetweenseveralalternativeslikeproducingapieceofartoranessayforprivatejudgmentinsteadofpresentingtheirworkorally.Educatorshavebeguntotakeitseriously.Theyagreeteachersshouldlistentostudentsandheartheirvoicesandrespond.Ifstudents'feelingsareignored,theymightjustwalkaway.However,noteveryoneisconvinced.Someholdtheviewthatpushingstudentsoutofcomfortzonesisabigpartofwhattheyshoulddoassomestudentsaredeathlyafraidtodoit.答案［写作提示］本文为议论文。文章讨论了课堂展示是否有益的问题。概要以自然段为基础注意摄取重点信息。Onepossibleversion:Givinganin-classpresentationisgenerallyconsideredanapproachbeneficialtostudents'development.（要点1）However,inthepastfewyears,studentshavestartedcallingforanendtoitduetothepossiblediscriminationagainstthosewithanxiety,whichputsgreatpressureonthestudents.（要点2）Theysaythateverystudenthasuniquestrengthsandthattheyshouldbeallowedopresenttheirworkintheirways.(§^3)Theirideahasdrawneducators’seriousattention.要点4)Writing5(2019浙江绍兴柯桥联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Asisknown,ifweareunitednoonecandefeatus.Butifweconstantlyhaveconflictsormisunderstandings,wemayattractoutsiderstohaveanadvantageoverus,whichmayultimatelyresultinourfailure.Unityisthesourceofstrengthandpeoplewhoareunitedhavethecapabilitytotackleanykindofsituationastheyshareeachother'sburdensandhardships.Inoldendays,manlivedalone.Hetravelledandhuntedallbyhimself,whichsometimesgaveopportunitiestofierceanimalstoattackandkillhim.Thenherealizedthatifhejoinedhandswithotherhunters,hewouldbeabletofacesomecommondangerandchallenges.Thisishowvillagesgotformed,whichlatergotdevelopedintotownsandcities.Inthesportsground,beitcricket,football,baseball,basketballoranyotherkindsofsport,aunitedteamandanappropriatestrategymayresultinthesuccessoftheteam;butifthereisaconflictoranunhealthycompetitionorunnecessarymisunderstandingamongtheteammembers,theymayinvitetheopponentstotakeadvantageoftheirshortcomingsandwinthegame.Likewise,ifthemembersofafamilystaytogetherandsupporteachotherineveryphaseoflife,nooutsidercanharmthefamily.Therewasonceanoldmanwholivedinavillagewithhisthreesons.Thesonsalwaysfoughtwitheachotherandwouldnotpayanyattentiontotheirfather.Themanfellsickandassumedthathewoulddiesoon;hewasveryworriedabouttheideathatoncehedied,peoplewouldtakeadvantageofhissons'conflicts.Hecalledallhissonsandaskedthemtobreakabundleofsticks,onebyone.Noneofthemcoulddoit.Hethenuntiedthebundleandgaveeachsticktoeachoneofthemaskingthemtobreakit,whichtheycouldveryeasilyaccomplish.Hethentoldhissonsthattheyshouldstaylikethebundleofstickssothatnoonecanbreakthem,butiftheykeeponfighting,theywillbebrokenbytheoutsiderseasily.答案［写作提示］本文是一篇议论文。文章认为，合作就能成功。注意把握要点，可以参考部分段落中的中心句。Onepossibleversion:Itiswellknownthatunitedwestandanddividedwefall.要点1)Inancienttimes,huntersmadejointeffortstocopewithdangerandchallenges,thusvillagesformedandlaterdevelopedintotownsandcities.要点2)Surely,unityhasagreatsignificanceinpeople'slives-whetherinthesportsgroundorinafamily.要点3)Thedyingman'sstoryofsticksalsoshowstheimportanceofunity.要点4)Writing6（2019浙江新思维联盟）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Punishingchildrenisacontroversial有争议的）topic.Everybodyhasdifferentopinionsabouthowtoacttocorrectachild'sbehavior.Peoplehavedisagreementsaboutwhetheritisgoodforachild'seducationtopunishhim.Theword“punish”meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Punishmentcanbephysicaloremotional.Physicalpunishmentiswhentheparenthitsthechild.Ontheotherhand,emotionalpunishmentiswhentheparent,inordertoeducatethechild,doesn'tlethimwatchTV,gotoplaywithhisfriends,ordothingslikethat.Althoughmanysurveysandstudieshaveshowewhatthecorrectwayistoraiseachild,nobodyhastheanswerorthetruth.Thereisnosuchthingasagreedstandardsaboutraisingachild,soIthinkitwillbeverydifficulttogeteveryonetoagree.Ithinkparentsshouldlovetheirchildandgivehimthebesteducation,butatthesametime,theyshouldpunishthechildproperlyifhedeservesit.Parents'goalistohaveagoodmanorwomaninsocietyinthefuture,sosometimestheyshoulddowhatisnecessarytogettheirchildtobehavewell.答案［写作提示］文章为议论文,讨论了体罚孩子的优缺点。概述时以自然段为基础。注意第一段有中心句,但是需要进行改写。Onepossibleversion:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardspunishmentforchildren.要点1）Therearemainlyphysicalandemotionalpunishments.（要点2）Asamatteroffact,itisdifficulttofindagreedstandardstoraiseachild.要点3）Properpunishmentcanbeinstructiveandnecessarytochildrenwhileloveandeducationarethemostimportantforparentstomaketheirkidsbehavewell.（§^4）B组2018—2020年模拟-综合题组Writing1（2020届浙江名校协作体）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Wealreadyknowthattheunderwaterworldisanythingbutsilent.Itisfullofnaturalsoundsproducedbyanimalsandbythemotionoftheatmosphereandwater.Buttoday'sresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusingwhalesandothermarineanimals.Althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Underwatersoundallowsmarineanimalstogatherinformationandcommunicateatgreatdistancesandfromalldirections.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearing.Andnowadaysit'sbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.Evidenceshowsthatwhaleswillswimhundredsofmiles,rapidlychangetheirdepth,andevenbeachthemselvestogetawayfromthesoundsofsonar.Youmightthinklowernoises,typicallycausedbyshippingorconstruction,donotposeathreattomarineanimals.Infact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators（捕食性动物）.Scientistslookedattheeffectsofnoisefromsmallmotorboatsoncoral-reeffishattheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.Inthelab,thefishhadbeentrainedtorecognizethesmellofthreecommonpredatorsasathreat.Somefishweretrainedinthepresenceofboatnoise,whiletheothershadtrainingwiththenaturalsoundsoftheocean.Itturnedoutthatthefirstgroupshowednofrightwhenexposedtothepredators.However,theothergroupwasscared.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseinthisgroup,only20percentofthefishsurvived.Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating（调节）temperatures.AsCousteausaid,“Formostofhistory,manhashadtofightnaturetosurvive;inthiscenturyheisbeginningtorealizethat,inordertosurvive,hemustprotectit.”答案［写作提示］本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造的噪音对海洋动物的伤害,并呼吁人们要保护海洋、保护环境。文章结构清楚,自然段自成要点。概括时应准确把握各段的核心词。Onepossibleversion:Althoughtheunderwaterworldisnotsilent,man-madesoundisdoinggreatharmtomarineanimals.（§^1）Importantasunderwatersoundistoanimalsthere,loudnoisesintheseathreatentheirnormallife.要点2）Accordingtoscientists'research,thesurvivalrateoffishdropssharplyundertheinfluenceofnoise,whetherloudornot.（要点3）Thus,withtheimportanceoftheoceantotheenvironmentandtemperature,peoplemustprotectitratherthanfightit.（要点4）Writing2（2020届浙江绿色评价联盟一模）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays,moreandmorecollegestudentshavenoproblemwalkingintoaclassroomandopeningtheirlaptops.Othersmayspendanentirestudyperiodwithasmartphone.Somepeoplearguethattheincreasinguseoftechnologycanhavemanyhelpfuleffectsonsociety.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatusingtechnologyduringclasstimemayharmcollegestudents'abilitytorememberandprocessthesubjectmaterial.ArnoldGlass,aprofessoratRutgersUniversityinNewJersey,andastudentresearcherinvestigatedtheissueofdividedstudentattention.Thestudyinvolved118Rutgersstudentswhoweretakingthesamelevelofcollegeclass.Thestudentswerepermittedtouseanyelectronicdeviceduringhalfoftheirdailyclassperiods.Duringtheotherhalfnoonewasallowedtouseanytechnology.Theresearchersfoundthattheaveragedailyquizresultsshowednoevidenceofharmfuleffectsfromtheuseoftechnology.However,theaverageresultsoflargertestsandthefinalexamshowedthatallthestudentsperformedpoorlywhentheywerepermittedtousetechnologyintheclassroom.Glassarguesthatitshowstheuseofelectronicdevicesintheclassroompreventsstudentsfromprocessinginformation.Whenthestudentshearwhattheprofessorissaying,theymightbebuyingthingsonlineorreadingunrelatedemailsatthesametime.Andthat,Glasssays,makesitharderfortheinformationtoenterintotheirlong-termmemory.Eventhoughthestudentsknowwhattheprofessorsaidatthattime,theynolongerrememberitaweeklaterbecausetheymissedtheopportunity.However,LaurenMargulieux,anassistantprofessoratGeorgiaStateUniversityinAtlantaarguesthattherearetimeswhenclassroomuseoftechnologyisunavoidable.So,hesays,educatorsneedtoconsiderthatsomethingotherthantechnologyisdistractingstudents.Infact,aspecialsoftwareprogramhasbeencreated.Studentscanusetheprogram,whichengagesstudentsmorewiththeclassmaterialontheirpersonaldevicesduringagivenclass.Itcanalsobeusedtoobservestudentactivityandpreventthemfromopeningunrelatedpagesandprograms.答案［写作提示］文章论述了电子设备对大学生学习的影响。文章结构清楚段落主旨清晰。概要时可根据文章的段落组织要点,并注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。Onepossibleversion:Recentresearchshowsusingtechnologyinclassmaypreventcollegestudentsfromrememberingandprocessinginformationwell.（要点1）Theresearch,whichinvolved118studentsparticipatingfoundthatinthelongrunthestudents'performanceswerepoorwhenusingtechnologybecausetheyweredistracted.（要点2）Butanotherresearcherthinkssomethingelseexcepttechnologyistoblamefordistractingstudents.（要点3）Fortunately,aspecialsoftwareprogramhasbeenmadetokeepstudentsfocused.（要点4）Writing3（2020届浙江东阳质检）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears,however,anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas,thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbytheNoChildLeftBehindAct（NCLB）.Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates,negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes,andmostalarmingly,produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration（监禁）rates.Exitexams,thestudyconcluded,hadtendedtoaddlittlevaluetomoststudents.Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighschoolgraduates,guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictablevalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations.Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon'texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample,qualitiessuchasintelligence,academicability,collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople,likeresponsibility,criticalthinking,andempathy移情），arenotmeasured,either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon'tofferreliabledata.Thus,moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned,coursestaken,activities,service,projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsothatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords,exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.答案［写作提示］本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国很多州取消了高中毕业考试。文章第一段提出了话题。第二段和第三段指出高中毕业考试作为获得高中文凭的唯一标准存在的问题。第四段作出总结。Onepossibleversion:HighschoolexittestshavebeencancelledbymanystatesinAmericainrecentyears.(要点1)Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostudentsandbringaboutmanyharmfulsocialconsequences.要点2)What'smore,insteadofensuring