2021届合肥市庐阳高中高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析

2021届合肥市庐阳高中高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMyBiggestChallengeAsawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I’dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity-andtowriteaboutitafterwards-Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.IwasluckyenoughtohaveabrilliantclimbingcoachcalledKeith,whoputmethroughmypacesaftermydailywork.Hegavemeknowledgeabouteverythingfromtheimportanceofbuildingmusclegroupstohowtoavoidtirednessthroughnutrition.ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI’dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI’dbeclimbing.Awareofthechallenge,KeithmadeadetailedactionplanandIforcedmyselftosticktoit,doingadailyworkoutatthegymandgoingonhikeswithaheavypack.Iperfectedmytechniqueontheclimbingwallandevenwenttoclimbthemountainstogetvitalexperience.Myself-beliefincreasedalongsidemymusclepowerandIbecameconfidentaboutfinishingtheclimb.AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI’ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI’dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.AndasIsitherenow,tappingawayonmylaptop,I’mamazedatthedetailsinwhichIcanrecalleverysecondoftheclimb:theburningmuscles,thetiredness,theminorproblemsalongtheway.CouldIhavebeenbetterprepared?Possibly.WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,theauthorrevealedhis .disappointmentinthecomingadventure.expectationofwritingabouthisexperience.lackofenthusiasmforthechallengehe’dbeenoffered.curiosityabouttakingpartinthemountainclimbforcharity.Whatdidtheauthorrealiseduringhisclimbtraining?Theknowledgeaboutclimbingwasreallyconfusing.Theequipmentwasthekeyfactortoreachthepeak.Climbingwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanexpected.Hardtrainingwasfarmoreimportantthanmakingplans.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhesucceededinclimbingthemountain?Hewasrelievedthathewouldn’thavetodoitagain.Hewaswellsatisfiedthathehaddonehisbestforit.Hewassurprisedthathehadmanagedtocompleteit.D.Hewasregretfulthatitwasn’tassmoothasimagined.BParentsandmathteachersregularlyaskedbytheirschool-agedchargeswhethermathmattersinreallifenowhaveananswer.InastudypublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchthisweek,HarvardKennedySchoolPolicyProfessorJoshuaGoodmantookalookatwhathappenedtostudentswhosehighschoolswererequiredinthe1980stoincreasetheminimumlevelofcourseworkrequiredtograduate.Whathefoundisthatthestudentsweremorelikelytoincreasethenumberofmathcoursestheytookasaresultofthechangeinstandardsandthattranslatedintohigherearningsdowntheline.Putsimply:About15yearsaftertheygraduated,thehighschoolgraduateswhowenttoschoolwhenthesechangestookeffectsawtheiraverageearningsincreaseabout10%foreveryextrayearofmathcoursework.Thefindingsmayaddfueltothesteadydrumofeducationexperts,policymakersandotherscallingforanincreasedfocusonscienceandmatheducation.Theincreaseinrequiredmathcoursesdidn’tnecessarilyproducerocketscientists,Goodmannotes,becausetheextracourseworkwasn’tataparticularlyhighlevel.Butbecomingfamiliarwithandpracticinglybasicmathskillsallowedhighschoolgraduatestopursueandexcelatjobsthatrequiredsomelevelofcomputationalknowledge,hesaid.Goodmanacknowledgedthattheearningsboostforthestudentsconnectedwiththeuptick（上升）inmatheducationmaybedependentonthestateoftheeconomy.WhenGoodmancheckedinthelate1990sandearly2000sontheearningsofthestudentswhograduatedinthelate1985，hefoundthattheirearningsincreasedsignificantlyiftheytookmoremath.WhatdoesJoshuaGoodman’sstudyfind?Highschoolgraduatesearnmore.Highschoolstudentsprefermath.Mathmattersalotinone’sincome.Mathisacompulsorycourseinschool.Whyisincreaseinrequiredmathcoursesuseful?Itproducedrocketscientists.Itmakeshighschoolstudentssmarter.Itmeetstherequirementsofthegovernment.Itenableshighschoolgraduatestogetbetterjobs.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Togiveawarningtopolicymakers.Toseekhelpforhighschoolstudents’problems.Toshowthegreatimportanceoflearningmath.Totellastrugglinghistoryofhighschoolstudents.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?EffortsmattermostMathmakesmoneyEarningsofdifferentgraduatesChangesofhighschoolcoursesCAcrew（全体成员）ofsixteenagegirlscompletedanine-daysailingtripintheUSrecently,afterhavingseasicknessandstrongwinds.Forthepastthreeyears,theSeaCadetteenagerswhosetsailwereallmale.RogerNoakes,whocaptained（担任队长）theboat,saidthiswasthefirsttimehe’dtakenoutanall-femalecrew.Thegirlsaskedforanall-girlstripinAugustthisyear.Thecrewsetsailalongwiththreeadults,NoakesandtwoSeaCadetrepresentatives.Theoriginalplanwasforthegirlstosail24hoursadayinrotatingshifts（轮流换班）alongthecoastandthenreturn.Thingsturnedoutdifferently,however.“Thefirstnightwasdifficultbecausethewindwasreallyhard.Thewavesweregoingupanddown,”saidAbbyFairchild,16.“Everybodygotseasick.Noakesgavethegirlsthechoiceofjustsailinginthebayandnotgoingintoopenwater.“Buttheydecidedtheyweregoing.”Theteenagersthensailedalongwayovernightandsleptinshifts.“We’velearnedeverythingfromcontrollingtheboattoputtingupthesailswhilewehaveroughseas,”said15-year-oldOliviaWilcox.TheteenagersstoppedonlandinMassachusetts.Theydidn'tmakeittotheiroriginaldestination（目的地）inMaine,wheretheyweresupposedtohaveacelebratorydinner,duetotheweatherandwinds.Theysaidtheyweren’tdisappointed,however,asthey’dlearnedalot.“Theylearnedaboutboating,andaboveall,theybuiltconfidenceandcharacter,”saidNoakes.WhatwasspecialabouttheSeaCadettripthisyear?Itwasthelongestsailingtripever.Itwasthefirstall-female-crewsailingtrip.Itwasthemostdangeroussailingtripever.Itwasthefirstsailingtripforteenagers.Whathappenedonthecrew’sfirstdayofthetrip?Theyallfeltsickontheboat.Someofthemwerehurt.Theirboatwasoutofcontrol.Theywentintoopenwaterbymistake.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheseyoungsailors?Strong-mindedandhavingastrongsenseofteamwork.Hard-workingandhavinggreatleadershipskills.Understandingandcreative.Adventurousandskillful.AccordingtoNoakes,whatwasthesailors’greatestbenefitfromthetrip?Theyknewtheseabetter.Theymademanyfriends.Theygotexcellentsailingskills.D.Theydevelopedgoodpersonalities.DRockandpophitmakerJimSteinman,whowroteandcomposedmusicforMeatLoaf,BonnieTyler,CelineDion,andmore,diedMondayinDanbury,Connecticut.Hewas73.Steinman'sbrotherBillconfirmedthatthecauseofdeathwaskidney（肾）failure.AstatementpostedonSteinman'sFacebookpageread,“It'swithaheavyheartthatIcanconfirmJim'spassing.Therewillbemuchmoretosayinthecominghoursanddaysaswepreparetohonorthisgiantofahumanbeingandhisgloriouslegacy.”Steinman'swhollyuniquecareerfoundhimworkingasacomposer,lyricist,andproducerformanyartistsinavarietyofstyles.Accordingtoabiographyonhiswebsite,therecordshe'sworkedonhavesoldmorethan190millioncopiesworldwide.Hewasnominated（提名）forfourGrammys,andwonAlbumoftheYearforhisworkonDion's1996smash,FallingIntoYou.Steinmanbeganhiscareerinamusicaltheaterwhileincollege,writingandstarringinarockmusicalcalledTheDreamEngine,whichgainedtheattentionofNewYorktheatricalproducerJoePapp.Aftergraduating,SteinmanworkedatthePublicTheater（whichwasestablishedbyPapp）.In1973,YvonneEllimanrecordedSteinman'ssong“HappyEnding”,whichbecameSteinman'sfirstcommerciallyreleasedtune.Thatsameyear,thePublicTheaterstagedhismusicalMoreThanYouDeserve.OneoftheactorswhoauditionedforMoreThanYouDeservewasMeatLoaf,andheandSteinmansoonstruckupaclosepersonalandprofessionalrelationship.ThetwobeganworkingonMeatLoaf'ssoloalbum,BatOutofHell,intheearly70s,butitwouldn'tbereleaseduntil1977.Itwasn'tuntilaboutoneyearlater—afterMeatLoafperformedonSaturdayNightLive—thatthealbumbecameahit.“Thereisnoothersongwritereverlikehim,”MeatLoafsaid.“Icanneverrepayhim.Hehasbeensuchaninfluence,infact,thebiggestinfluenceonmylife,andIlearnedsomuchfromhimthattherewouldbenowayIcouldeverrepayMr.JimSteinman.”WhatcausedJimSteinman'sdeath?A.Ahitonthehead. B.Akidneyproblem.C.Afailedoperation. D.Alackofbloodsupply.Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?MeatLoafperformedonSaturdayNightLive.JimreleasedhisfirstcommercialtuneHappyEnding.JimandMeatLoafreleasedthealbumBatOutofHell.JimstarredinarockmusicalcalledTheDreamEngine.Jim'smusicalMoreThanYouDeservewasputonshow.JimwonAlbumoftheYearforhisworkonFallingIntoYou.A.dbecaf B.dbcfaeC.fdcaeb D.fbcedaWhywasJimSteinmanimportanttoMeatLoaf?BecauseJimwasanextraordinarysongwriter.BecauseJimallowedhimnottorepayhisdebt.BecauseJimwasinfluentialinthemusicindustry.BecauseJimgavehimfriendshipandcareersupport.WhatdowelearnaboutJimSteinman?Hemainlyfocusedhiscareeronactinginmusicals.Heisawell-knownandwidelyrespectedmusician.HisclosestfriendswereBill,PappandMeatLoaf.HewonfourGrammysinthecourseofhiscareer.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Forhumans,ignorance（无知）isinevitable（不可避免的）:It'sournaturalstate.There'stoomuchcomplexityintheworldforanyindividualtomaster.Ignorancecanbefrustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself. 16 .AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyare.Ifyougiveagroupofpeopleatasktodoandthenaskthemhowwelltheythinkthey'vedoneonthetask.Poorperformersoverestimatehowwellthey'vedone;strongperformersoftenunderestimatetheirperformance:Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolacktheknowledgeofwhatskillsthey'remissing. 17 Thosewhohaveskillsknowwhatskillstheycouldimproveon.Ourignorance,ingeneral,shapesourlivesinwayswedonotknowabout.Putsimply,peopletendtodowhattheyknowandfailtodowhattheydon'tknow. 18 Peoplefailtoreachtheirpotentialsimplybecausetheyarenotawareofthepossible.Thisisafactoflife. 19 Wewon'tmissDisneylandifwedon'tknowit'sthere.Formanyexpensivethings,thelessyouknowaboutthem,thelessyou'llmissthemandthehappieryou'llbe.___20___Ifwedon'tknowaboutbirthcontrol,thenwewon'tuseit.Ifweremainignorantaboutthehorrorsthataregoingonnextdoor,wewon'tdowhat'snecessarytostopthem.Andifweareignorantaboutthedangerousthingsourchildrenaregettinginto,disastercanfollow.Ignorancemeansyouhaveneither.Sotheythinkthey'reprettygood.It’sthetroublewegetintobynotrecognizingit.Butignorancehascosts.It'sknowledgeofpossibilitiesthatmakesusmissthem.Wecan'tchoosewhatwedon'tknowabout.Inthatway,ignorancechannelsthecoursewetakeinlife.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项WhenIwastwoyearsold,Ilostmyfatherforever,whohadatrafficaccidentandpassedaway.Threeyearslater,mymother 21 fromserioushealthproblems,leavingmetocareforher.This 22 reversed（翻转）ourrolesaschildandcaretaker.WhileIknewmymotherwassick,I23thateverythingwouldbeokay. 24 ,in1997everythingwentterribly 25 ,andmylifechangedforever.Adoption（收养）isa（n）26wordtoafive-year-oldchild,butwhenIrealizedthatmymotherhadsignedmeoverto27,Ifeltitwastheultimatebetrayal（背叛）.Isufferedfromshock,28,andconfusionasIattemptedto 29 mynewfamily.IdidlearntolovemynewparentsthoughIcouldn't 30 mymotherforbetrayingme.Hearingpeopletellmethatshediditinmybestinterestandthatsheactuallylovedme,Ifeltevenbitter.Ifirmlybelievedthat 31 shehadtrulylovedmeshewouldhavemadeitworkforourlittlefamily.However,theolderIgot,themoreIbegantounderstandhow 32 oursituationhadbeen.Wehadbeen 33 boxesofnoodles.Ihavestartedtounderstandthe 34 sheputmeupforadoption,andthatshereallydidsaveme.OnlyrecentlyhaveIbegunto 35 howamothercouldgiveherchildtostrangers,andIrealizenowwhatasacrifice（牺牲）itmusthavebeenforhertoletmego.Shewas36,buteveninherstatesheunderstoodthatshewaspullingmedownwithher.Shelovedme 37 anything,soshewantedmetohaveachanceinlife,onesherealizedshecouldnolonger 38 me.WhenIlookbacknow,Iam 39 toher.EventhoughIhatedherforalongtime,Inowknowmylifehasbeenaspecialgiftonlybecauseshewas 40 enoughtogivemeup.21.A.recoveredB.sufferedC.benefitedD.prevented22.A.connectionB.directionC.occupationD.situation23.A.recognizedB.explainedC.admittedD.believed24.A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Besides25.A.wellB.wrongC.madD.common26.A.exactB.rightC.warmD.foreign27.A.strangersB.cousinsC.friendsD.neighbors28.A.coldB.hungerC.tirednessD.anger29.A.adjusttoB.worryaboutC.giveupD.searchfor30.A.forgiveB.convinceC.representD.consult31.A.althoughB.IfC.sinceD.unless32.A.familiarB.simpleC.terribleD.independent33.A.throwingawayB.chargingforC.survivingonD.dreamingof34.A.reasonsB.risksC.rulesD.results35.A.rememberB.understandC.ignoreD.describe36.A.upsetB.politeC.sickD.calm37.A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.morethanD.lessthan38.A.offerB.lendC.controlD.teach39.A.similarB.gratefulC.equalD.rude40.A.curiousB.patientC.modestD.selfless第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Faradaywasthe___41.___(invent)oftheelectricgeneratorandelectricmonitor.Faraday’sfathersufferedfromlong-timehealthproblems,asaresultof___42.___,hisfamilyhadlittlemoneytoaffordhisformalschooling.Buthewascuriousanddeterminedtolearn.While___43.___(work)inLondonasateenager,hehadachancetoreadvariousbooksthathecouldgethishandson.In1812,heattendedfourlecturesattheRoyalInstitutiongivenbyafamouschemistnamedHumphreyDavy.Ayearlater,Faraday,togetherwithanotherboy,___44.___(choose)asDavy’slabassistants.DavyalsotookFaradayonan18-monthtourofEurope,___45.___Faradaymetsomeofthemostfamousscientificeducation.WhenDavyretiredin1827,FaradaytookhisplaceastheheadofthechemistrydepartmentoftheRoyalinstitute.Upon___46.___（accept）theposition,hesoonbegantodoexperimentswithelectricity.In1831,hediscoveredelectromagneticinduction.Andforthenexteight