名校内部人教版高中英语选修八（Book 8 Unit 4）

名校内部人教版高中英语选修八（Book8Unit4）Unit4Pygmalion假如你叫李华,你的加拿大笔友Jean来信,表示想学习中国画,但是对中国画不太了解,请你根据下面内容,给Jean回信,简单介绍中国画的有关知识。1.中国传统绘画是我国文化遗产的重要组成部分,历史悠久,深受人们的喜爱。2.传统国画的作画工具有:毛笔、墨、宣纸(Xuanpaper)、颜料(pigment)。3.中国传统绘画的重要特征是:诗、书(calligraphy)、画、印(seal)完美结合。4.中国历史上有许多传统的国画家,如齐白石,擅长画虾;徐悲鸿,对画马颇有研究。DearJean,IamverygladtolearnfromyourletterthatyoulikeChinesepainting.ThetraditionalChinesepainting,animportantpartofourcountry'sculturalheritage,hasalonghistory.Itisverypopularamongpeopleathomeandabroad.Whatweneedforpaintingarewritingbrushes,Chineseink,Xuanpaperandpigments.Besides,animportantfeatureofChinesepaintingisthatapaintershouldcombinepictures,poems,calligraphyandsealsperfectly.Infact,manypaintersareatthesametimeacalligrapherandapoetaswell.InChinesehistory,therearemanyfamoustraditionalpainters,includingQiBaishiandXuBeihong.QiBaishiwasproficientinpaintinglittleshrimpswhileXuBeihongwasfamousforhislivelyhorses.Yours,LiHua1.文章体裁:应用文——书信。2.行文逻辑:引出话题→介绍中国画。3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:athomeandabroad(国内外),Besides(另外),Infact(实际上)等。4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①宾语从句:thatyoulikeChinesepainting;②主语从句:Whatweneedforpainting;③表语从句:thatapaintershouldcombinepictures,poems,calligraphyandsealsperfectly;④并列句:whileXuBeihongwasfamousforhislivelyhorses等。Ⅰ.单词荟萃1.superioradj.优秀的;较高的;上级的n.上级;长官→junioradj.(反义词)年少的;后进的;下级的n.年少者,晚辈2.adaptationn.适应(性);改编本→adaptvt.改编;(使)适应3.classicadj.经典的;第一流的n.经典著作→classicaladj.古典的;经典的;传统的4.fatefuladj.重要的;决定性的;命中注定的→faten.命运5.hesitatevi.犹豫;踌躇→hesitationn.踌躇;犹豫6.uncomfortableadj.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的→uncomfortablyadv.不舒服地;不自在地7.troublesomeadj.带来麻烦的;使人心烦的→troublen.麻烦8.disguisevt.伪装;假扮;遮掩n.伪装→indisguise伪装(的);假扮(的)9.mistakenadj.(见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的→mistaken.&v.误会10.classifyvt.把……分类;把……归类→classificationn.分类;归类11.extraordinaryadj.不同寻常的;非凡的→ordinaryadj.平常的;普通的12.properlyadv.适当地;恰当地→properadj.适当的13.fortunen.机会;运气;大笔的钱→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地14.disapprovevt.&vi.不赞成;反对;认为不好→approvevt.批准;赞成→approvaln.批准;认可;赞成15.robvt.抢劫;盗窃;剥夺→robberyn.抢劫(行为)→robbern.抢劫者;强盗16.musicaladj.音乐的;喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧→musicn.音乐;乐曲→musiciann.音乐家17.believern.信徒;教徒→believev.相信;信任→beliefn.信仰18.horribleadj.可怕的;恐怖的→horrorn.恐怖→horriblyadv.可怕地19.disgustingadj.使人反感的;令人厌恶的→disgustvt.厌恶;反感→disgustedadj.感到反感的20.effectiveadj.有效的→effectn.影响;效果;作用→effectivelyadv.有效地;生效地Ⅱ.短语检测1.inalldirections朝四面八方2.handover交出;移交3.pass…offas(把某人)改变或冒充成……4.makeone'sacquaintance结识;与……相见5.generallyspeaking一般来说6.intermsof就……来说;从……角度7.tryone'sfortune碰运气8.ahandfulof一把;少量9.show…in带或领……进来10.theotherday几天前11.takeaway带走;取走12.oncemore再一次13.inneedof需要……14.fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡Ⅲ.佳句再现1.beof+抽象名词(=be+adj.)表示具有某种特征或属性Willthat__________________(有用处)toyou?2.everytime引导时间状语从句,意为"每当……的时候"Buttheybetraythemselves______________(每当张嘴的时候).3."once+过去分词"的省略结构But,sir,(proudly)__________________(一旦被教育)tospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.4.Whatif…?如果……会怎样/怎么样?__________________(如果我是又怎么样呢)?5.对过去的虚拟结构:wouldhavedone…if……haddone__________________(如果我知道……我是不会来的)thisdisgustingthingyouwantmetodo…答案：1.beofanyuse2.everytimetheyopentheirmouths3.onceeducated4.WhatifIwas5.I'dneverhavecomeifI'dknownabout【巧学助记】构词法记忆•动词后缀-fy,表示"使成为,使……进入状态"①simpleadj.简单的→simplifyvt.简化;使单纯;使简易②pureadj.纯的;单纯的;纯真的→purifyvt.使纯净,净化③beautyn.美人;美好;完美→beautifyvt.美化,装饰④horrorn.恐怖→horrifyvt.使震惊,使感到恐怖规律记忆•三种特殊的独立结构①现在分词型:generallyspeaking一般而言;franklyspeaking坦率地说;judgingfrom据……判断。②不定式型:tobehonest诚实地说;totellyouthetruth和你说实话吧;tomakethematterworse情况更糟的是。③介词或连词型:consideringprep.考虑到,就……而言;given(that)conj.如果,假设;provided/providing(that)conj.如果,假设。单词点睛●1hesitatevi.(topausebeforetakingactionormakingadecision)犹豫,踌躇(1)hesitateabout/oversth.对某事感到犹豫不决hesitatetodosth.对做某事感到犹豫不决(2)hesitationn.踌躇,犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫地【活学活用】(1)Neverhesitatetoturntotheteachersforadviceifyoumeetwithsomeproblemsinstudy.如果在学习中遇到一些问题,要毫不犹豫地向老师求教。(2)Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball;otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.在踢球前他犹豫了一下,否则的话他就会破门得分了。(3)Hedivedintotheriverandsavedthedrowningchild______________.他毫不犹豫地跳进河里救起那个溺水的孩子。(4)语法填空。①Shewasstillhesitating______________whethertoaccepttheinvitation.②Shehesitated______________(spend)somuchmoneyonsuchadress.③Shepickedupherhandbag,______________(hesitate)andalmostmadeittothedoor.④Hestoppedattheturningfork,______________(hesitate)aboutwhichwaytogo.(5)一句多译。①Wheneverhisfriendshavesometroubles,he______________andrequirenorewards.(介词短语)②Wheneverhisfriendshavesometroubles,he______________andrequirenorewards.(hesitateto)每当朋友遇到困难时,他都会义不容辞地给予帮助,不要求回报。答案：(3)withouthesitation(4)①about/over②tospend③hesitated④hesitating(5)①willhelpthemwithouthesitation②willneverhesitatetohelpthem●2classifyvt.(toarrangeororganizeaccordingtoclassorcategory)编排;分类;归类(1)classifysb./sth.(assth.)=group…into将某人/某物归类beclassifiedinto…划分成;分类成beclassifiedby…按照……分类(2)aclassifieddirectory分类目录classifiedadvertisements分类广告【活学活用】(1)Meninthepostofficeclassifymailaccordingto/byplaceswhereitistogo.邮局里的人员将信件按寄送地点分类。(2)Itisrequiredthatthebooksinthelibrary(should)beclassifiedbysubject.图书馆里的图书要根据科目分类。(3)Withinafewyearshewrotefivebooks,noneofwhichcouldbeeasilyclassifiedasanovel.他在短短几年内写了五部书,每一部都不能简单地归为小说。(4)语法填空。①Accordingtothesubject,hershortpoemscanbeclassified______________twogroups:poemsaboutnatureandpoemsabouthumanlife.②Inatoylibrary,children'stoysandgamesareclassified______________agegroupsjustasbooksusuallyare.③Morethanthree-fourthsofthosesurveyedclassifythemselves______________Christians,and5percentbelongtootherfaiths.④______________(classify)somanybooksinlibrariesusuallytakesthemlotsoftime.⑤Thereareallkindsofletterswaiting______________(classify)inthepostofficeeveryday.⑥Hebegantoseekjobsinthe______________(classify)advertisementcolumninthenewspaper.答案：(4)①into②by③as④Classifying⑤tobeclassified⑥classified●3remarkn.谈论;言论;评述vt.&vi.谈论;评论;说起(1)makearemarkon/upon/about就……发表意见(2)remarkon/uponsth.评论/谈论某事remarkthat…谈到/说起……(3)remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的【活学活用】(1)Theteacherremarkedaboutthehighgradestheclassreceivedonthetest.教师就这个班级在考试中得了高分谈了自己的意见。(2)Thegovernmentrefusedtomakeanyremarkonthepoliticalscandalhappeningrecently.政府拒绝对最近发生的政治丑闻做任何评价。(3)Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方报纸评论说,由于强有力的法律措施,车祸在减少。(4)语法填空。①ProfessorLimadeashortremarkintheclass______________students'cheatinginexaminations,whosewordsleftadeepimpressiononthem.②Sheshowed______________(remark)couragewhensheheardthebadnews..答案：(4)①about/on②remarkable●4betrayvt.(toallowasecrettobecomeknown,eitherbyaccidentoronpurpose)背叛;显露出;泄露betray…to…将……出卖/泄露给……betrayasecrettosb.向某人泄露秘密betrayone'strust辜负某人的信任betrayoneself暴露本来面目,原形毕露【活学活用】(1)Whenyoubetraysomebodyelse,youalsobetrayyourself.在你背叛别人的那一刻,你也背叛了自己。(2)Shepretendedtobehappybuthereyesbetrayedhersadness.她装作很高兴,但是她的双眼却流露出了她内心的悲伤。(3)Onceyouhavemadeapromisethatyouwillnotbetrayherconfidence/trust,youshouldkeepyourword.一旦你承诺绝不辜负她的信任,你就要恪守诺言。(4)Itwouldbeunbelievablethatsuchanhonestfellow______________.这么诚实的人竟然出卖朋友,真令人难以置信。(5)语法填空。①Hehadagooddisguise,butassoonashespokehebetrayed______________(he).②Thestealerwassickofthislife.Finally,hebetrayedthefact______________thepolice.③Feeling______________(betray)byfriends,theheartbrokenboywassittingtheresorrowfully.④______________(betray)byyourbestfriendisanextremelypainfulthing.答案：(4)shouldhavebetrayedhisfriends(5)①himself②to③betrayed④Beingbetrayed●5condemnvt.谴责;使……处于不幸/不愉快的状态;判刑,宣告……有罪condemnsb./sth.for/assth.因……而谴责某人或某事condemnsb.tosth./todosth.迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的状况)condemnsb.to…判处某人某种刑罚【活学活用】(1)Thosewhodonotrememberthepastarecondemnedtorepeatit.忘记过去的人必将重蹈覆辙。(2)Allthenewspaperscondemnedthegeneralforhisspeechattackingafriendlynation.所有的报纸都谴责了该将军的攻击友邦国家的演说。(3)Hewascondemnedtospendtherestofthefootballseasononthebench.他无可奈何,只能在这个足球赛季剩下的时间里做替补队员。(4)Aswasexpected,hewascondemnedto(=______________)tenyearsinprisonforhisarmedrobbery.正如所预料的一样,他因武装抢劫被判了十年监禁。(5)语法填空。①MrHongsaidhehadborrowedthebicycle,butnobodybelievedhim,andhisneighbourscondemnedhim______________athief.②Hewascondemnedtodeath______________murderandlaterhanged.③Whenthepoorwomanlostherhusband,sherealizedthatshewascondemned______________alonelyoldage.④Duetotherainstorm,theywerecondemned______________(spend)afortnightofidlenessatthatlonelyisland.答案：(4)wassentencedto(5)①as②for③to④tospend●6acquaintancen.[U](knowledgeofsth.)相识;熟悉;熟知;[C](apersonthatyouknowbutwhoisnotaclosefriend)相识的人,熟人(1)makeone'sacquaintance(=maketheacquaintanceofsb.)与某人初次见面havesome/noacquaintancewith对……有点儿熟悉/不熟悉(2)acquaintvt.使熟悉;使了解beacquainted/familiarwith…与……相识,熟知;精通【活学活用】(1)ItwasattheMapstone'spartythatIfirstmadehisacquaintance(=madetheacquaintanceofhim),sincewhenwebecamegoodfriends.我是在迈普斯顿的聚会上初次与他相识的,自此我们成了好朋友。(2)HehassomeacquaintancewithGerman,butdoesn'tspeakitfluently.他略懂一点德语,但说得不流利。(3)IhaveheardaboutyourfriendbutIamnotacquainted/familiarwithhim.我听说过你的朋友,但同他不熟。(4)语法填空。①Icouldnotspeakthelanguage,neitherdidIhavefriendsnor_____________(acquaint)inthetown.②Iamanewcomerandnotacquainted______________therulesandregulationshere.答案：(4)①acquaintances②with●7compromisevi.&n.(amiddlewaybetweentwoextremes)妥协;折中reach/arriveatacompromise达成妥协compromise/makeacompromisewith与……妥协compromiseonsth.就某事达成妥协【活学活用】(1)Aftersomediscussionwearriveatacompromise.经过一番讨论之后,我们达成一项折中方案。(2)Encourageyourchildtoreachacompromisebetweenwhathewantsandwhatyouwant.鼓励你的孩子在他的愿望和你的愿望之间找到一个折中点。(3)Isthegovernmentpreparedtocompromise______________theworkersovertheirpaydemand?政府是否准备向工人就其工资要求进行妥协呢?(4)Afteraweek'sdiscussion,thetwosidesreacheda

compromise______________thecostoftheproject.经过一个星期的讨论之后,双方就这个项目的费用达成了妥协。答案：(3)with(4)on●8fadevi.&vt.(使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失;凋落fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡fadeaway衰弱;病重死亡;逐渐消失fadeinto逐渐消失在……fadefrom从……逐渐消失【活学活用】(1)Allthebright,preciousthingsfadesofast.Andtheydon'tcomeback.所有的光鲜靓丽都消失得如此之快,并且一去不复返。(2)Withthelightbeginningtofade,thetwoexhaustedarmiesdrewapart.天色渐晚时,两支疲惫不堪的部队分头行动了。(3)Thememoryofhersufferingsinherchildhoodwillneverfade(out)fromhermind.她永远不会忘却童年时代所受的痛苦。(4)用fade相关短语的适当形式填空。①Theclosingmusic______________whentheheroridesoffintothesunset.②Hisnamewillnever______________thememoryoftheworld.③Aseveningcamethecoastline______________darkness.④Withtimegoingby,manypeople'smemoriesofchildhood______________.(5)一句多译。①Whileitisconvenientandeasytotakeonlinelessons,Iamstillpositivethattheclassroomteaching______________.(fade)②Whileitisconvenientandeasytotakeonlinelessons,Iamstillpositivethattheclassroomteaching______________.(replace)尽管在网上上课方便又容易,我仍然乐观地认为课堂教学永远不会消失。答案：(4)①fadesout②fadefrom③fadedinto④fadeaway(5)①willneverfadeout②willneverbereplaced短语储存●1passsb./sth.offas…把某人/物改变或冒充成……passoff逐渐消失passaway去世(die的委婉说法)passby通过,经过;忽视passout昏过去;失去知觉passon传递;传授passthrough通过;穿过【活学活用】(1)MrsWhite'sheadachehadpassedoffbythatnight.怀特太太的头痛到了那天夜里便消失了。(2)Hepassedhimselfoffasadoctoruntilsomeonecheckedhisrecord.在人们查阅他的档案之前,他一直伪装成医生。(3)______________,thegentlemantookhertothepartywithhim.那位绅士让她冒充他的女朋友,把她带去参加晚会了。(4)用pass相关短语的适当形式填空。①Shewentbacktoworkwhileshewasstillsick,andfinallyshejust______________.②Timequickly______________withoutourknowingit.③Thisringhasbeen______________inmyfamilyfrommothertodaughter.④He______________adifficulttimeafterhissonlefthome.答案：(3)Passingheroffashisgirlfriend(4)①passedout②passedby③passedon④passedthrough●2intermsof…就……而言;从……角度cometotermswith达成协议;和好;接受;适应beongood/badterms关系良好/不好inthelong/shortterm就长远/短期而言【活学活用】(1)Intermsofmoney,he'squiteric