第3语料库与翻译研究课程讲义上

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但这⼀切都成了泡影那野兔⼦躺过的压痕••与=来自U语料库检索的结果来自U语料库检索的结果来自U语料库检索的结果•••RationalismvsEmpiricismThedifferenceofmethod,here,maybecharacterizedasfollows:InLockeorHume,acomparativelymodestconclusionisdrawnfromabroadsurveyofmanyfacts,whereasinLeibnizavastedificeofdeductionispyramideduponapin-pointoflogicalprinciple.

•InLeibniz,iftheprinciple•InLeibniz,iftheprincipleytrueand•deductionsareentirelyvalid,alliswell;butthestructureisunstable,andtheslightestflawanywherebringsitdowninruins.戈特弗里德·RationalismvsEmpiricismInLockeorHume,onthecontrary,thebaseofthepyramidisonthesolidgroundofobservedfact,andthepyramidtapersupward,notdownward;consequentlytheequilibriumisstable,andaflawhereortherecanberectifiedwithouttotal大卫·因果关系论-「恒常连结」（constant一定会一直「互相连结」(Popkin&Stroll,1993)。中归类。」(Hume,1740)RationalismvsEmpiricismOxfordEnglishDictionary,accumulatedover4,000,000citationslips,2000readers,alphabetizingandsortingtheslipsbyMurray’smanychildrenHarris(1993)summarizestheapproach:“Theapproachbegan…withalargecollectionofrecordedut fromsomelanguage,acorpus.Thecorpuswassubjectedtoaclear,stepwise,bottom-upstrategyof Chomsky’sChomskysaidthatcorpuscouldneverbeausefultoolforthelinguist,asthelinguistmustseektomodellanguagecompetenceratherthanperformance.在数最多的健在学者，并是在数最多的健在学者，并是有史以来被引⽤数第8DefinitionofaWhatWhatisaAcollectionofmachine-readable,authentictexts(includingtranscriptsofspokendata)whichissampledtoberepresentativeofaparticularlanguageorlanguagevariety.••••和•1959SEU(surveyofEnglishUsage)by1961BrowncorpusbyFrancisand1970-1978LOB(Lancaster-Olso-Bergen)byStigJohansson1975London-LundSpokenCorpusbyJ.•BGeoffreyLeech成•••••••COBUILDProjectLongmanBritishNationalCorpusBNCInternationalCorpusofEnglishICEAmericanNational•••••的Collins••面••项、片语(哪些短语或搭配值得凸显、句法特征LongmanBritishNationalLarge(20millionwords),4GSara,Xairatools(1.12-Sara=SGMLAwareRetrievalXaira=XMLAwareIndexingandRetrieval90%written+10%searchbytagsearchsubcorporadefinedbyexistingtextdefinesearchablesubcorporaaccordingtoyourownysearchresultasquicklyseedistributionacrosstextretrievecollocationsbasedonwords,lemmas,orpart-of-speechXairaisanenhancedXairaisanenhancedversionoftheSaraprogram,originallyproducedforusewiththeBNC.InadditiontothefeaturesincludedintheSaraprogram,youcanuseXairawithBNCXMLAmericanNational••• ••••••••加工深度：用途vsvs••••••••-Advantagesofcorpus-basedcorpsecorpsevs.partvs.datavs.•tativevs.universalvs.individualoristhatitignoredsomanyscientific自然语⾔处理⽤途vsStatisticalMachine早 ，数学家瓦伦·韦弗(Warren提在1993年，IBM的研究人员提出了五种统计模谷歌翻译••••“•语Corpus-based+intuition-GideonGideonToury（DescriptiveMonaBaker（firstadvocatedinTranslationalEnglishcorpus，TECMonaBaker的三篇相 Baker,M.1993.CorpuslinguisticsTranslationStudies.ImplicationsandBaker,M.1995.CorporainTranslationStudies:AnOverviewandSomeSuggestionsforFutureBaker.M.1999.TheroleofcorporainInvestigatingthelinguisticbehaviourofprofessionaltranslatorsMonaBaker的个 Monolingualcorpus，comparablecorpus，parallelcorpusProcessvs. ••••••••i.e.textsintwolanguagesthatsharefeatures,e.g.function,textperiodofpublication,,单语语料库Monolingual平⾏语料库parallel•••SourcetextsandtheirParallelcorpusresourcesandbilingual其他：learnercorpus，pedagogiccorpus，monitorcorpus，historical/diachroniccorpus•••••••••Wordsmith介绍（商业CWB（sourceforge，开源，推