高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT3SECTIONⅡWARMINGUPREADING-LANGUAGEPOINTS

Section_ⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.根底词汇1.patentn．专利证书；专利权2.powdern.粉末；火药3.expectationn.预料；期盼；期望4.seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺5.validadj.有效的；确凿的6.filen.文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差异；使……有所不同；区分→distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；闻名的2.mercifuladj.宽大的；慈爱的；慈善的→mercyn．慈爱；宽恕；怜悯3.productn．产品→producevt.生产→productionn．生产4.stainlessadj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的→stainn．&v．污点；瑕疵；(被)污染5.abruptadj.突然的；意外的→abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地6.convenientadj.便利的；便利的；就近的→conveniencen．便利；便利；便利设施7.cautionn．当心；谨慎→cautiousadj.当心的，谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.当心地；谨慎地8.passiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的→activeadj.主动的；乐观的；主动语态的9.merryadj.开心的；欢乐的→merrilyadv.欢乐地；开心地10.criterionn．(评判的)标准；尺度→criteriapl.1.expectationn．预料；期盼；期望[词块]①answertheexpectationsof不辜负……的期望②cherish/have/holdanexpectation抱有盼望③liveuptoone'sexpectation符合……的盼望④againstexpectations事与愿违2.­ive结尾的形容词集锦①active主动的；乐观的；主动语态的②passive被动的；消极的；被动语态的③positive乐观的；有信念的④negative消极的；负面的⑤subjective主观的⑥expensive昂贵的⑦impressive印象深刻的；令人敬佩的⑧aggressive争强好胜的；挑衅的“抓住〞的相关词语一览①seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺②catchvt.抓住；接住③graspvt.抓住；把握④catchholdof抓住⑤getholdof抓住二、这样记短语记坚固定短语多积常用词块1.decide_on打算2.call_up给……打3.in_the_countryside在农村/乡下4.now_and_then间或；有时5.get_rid_of除掉，摆脱6.distinguish_...from_...把……和……区分开7.set_about开头；着手8.apply_for_a_patent申请专利1.feelveryproud感到很骄傲2.thehabitsof...……的习性3.theeasiestway最简单的方法4.threepossibleapproaches三种可能的方法5.beesleepy变得困乏6.thefrozenbowl冷冻过的碗7.keepitcool保持冷却状态8.adjustmyplan调整我的方案三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能关心我。但是，看来只有毒死蛇的药粉。thereseemtobe是therebe句型的变体，表示“好像有……〞。There_seem_to_bemoreandmoregraduateswantingtoapplyforjobsratherthantakepartintheentranceexamsforpostgraduateschools.现在想直接参与工作而不是考研的毕业生好像越来越多了。2.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到这种认可之后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的创造家。“only＋状语(从句)〞放在句首，主句使用局部倒装句式。Only_afteryouhavereachedeighteencan_you_join_the_army.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参。3.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真 是新奇的，否那么很难被接受。so...that...“如此……以至于……〞，引导结果状语从句。Itwasso_cold_yesterday_thatweallstayedathome.昨每天气很冷，我们都待在家里。4.Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.你的产品要经过认真调查，证明它的确是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。否认副词nor放在句首时，主句使用局部倒装。Nordid_he_let_the_disease_stophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehasalwaysdreamtabout.疾病没有使他放弃过上幻想中的生活。1．(教材P20)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打的时候，她感到很心烦。callup给……打；使……回忆起callat 访问(某个地点)calloff 取消；停止callon/upon 访问(某人)；号召callfor 需求；需要；去接(某人)callin 邀请；请来；收回①Thesoundofhappylaughtercalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.欢乐声让他回忆起了他的童年。②Thegovernmentcallson/upontheyouthtodonatetheirbloodvoluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。③Iwillcallforyouat8o'clockattheschoolgate.我8点钟在学校门口接你。[联想发散]与“打〞有关的常用表达：①ringup 给……打②ring/callback 回复③ringoff 挂断④givesb.aring/call 给某人打⑤hang/holdon 不挂断⑥Thelineisbusy. 占线。2．(教材P20)Snakesenearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere,notfarfromthewalnuttree.蛇时不时地爬到屋子边上来，好像是在屋子四周离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。nowandthen间或；有时①Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe'sinhisnineties.(2016·北京高考)尽管我爷爷已经九十多岁了，他仍旧不时地打打网球。②At_timesIfeelthatIwanttoleavethisjob.有时我真想辞职。③Youcanhearpeoplefallaboutlaughingonce_in_a_whileduringtheshow.演出期间你能不时听到观众的笑声。3．(教材P20)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有时机来表现一下自己了。我要创造某种慈爱的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会损害它们。distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差异；使……有所不同；区分(1)distinguishbetween...and... 区分/区分……和……distinguish...from... 使……有别于……distinguishoneself(as...) (作为……)表现突出distinguishoneselfby... 某人因……而突出(2)distinguishedadj. 卓越的；闻名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor... 因……而知名①Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.你应学会明辨是非。②Hehasalreadydistinguishedhimselfasanathlete.他作为一名运发动已享有盛名。③Honestlyspeaking,Iadmireyourdistinguished(distinguish)achievements.老实地说，我真艳羡你卓越的成就。④BecauseTuYouyouisdistinguishedforhergreatbreakthrough,shehaswonthe2015NobelPrizeinMedicine.屠呦呦的重大突破使她享有盛誉，因此获得了2015年诺贝尔医学奖。4．(教材P20)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.于是我就着手讨论蛇的习性，以便能找到最简单的方法捉住它们。setabout开头；着手setout 动身；启程；开头做……setoff 动身；动身；引发besetin 以……为背景setaside 留出；对……不予考虑setdown 登记；写下setup 树立(典范)；设立；创立①Hesetaboutdoinghishomeworkaftersupper.晚饭后他开头做家庭作业。②Wesetoutto_find(find)thetruthbehindthemystery.我们开头着手揭开谜团后的真相。③Itrytosetasideafewminuteseachdaytodosomeexercise.我每天尽量腾出一些时间熬炼身体。④Hewouldalwayssetdownnewideasthatoccurredtohim.他过去经常会登记他突然想起的新的办法。[名师点津]setabout/out意为“开头做……〞时，setabout后接名词、动名词形式作宾语，而setout后跟动词不定式作宾语。5．(教材P20)Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.它们突然一下子就消逝在四周的墙洞里去了。convenientadj.便利的；便利的；就近的(1)beconvenientfor 对……是便利的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth. 某人便利做某事(2)conveniencen． 便利；便利；便利设施forconvenience 为了便利起见atone'sconvenience 在某人便利的时候①TheInternetmakesitconvenientforustogetintouchwitheachother.互联网使得我们相互联系便利了。②Woulditbeconvenientforyouto_leave(leave)tomorrow?你明天走便利吗？③Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearmydeskforconvenience(convenient)．为了便利我把参考书放在书桌旁。[名师点津](1)convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，且在Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.结构中介词for不能用介词of代替。(2)convenience意为“便利；便利〞时为不行数名词，意为“便利的事物或设施〞时，为可数名词。6．(教材P20)Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.在伴侣和亲戚的敦促下，我打算抓住这次时机把我的创造送到专利局去，请他们对我这次胜利的思路赐予认可。seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺取；占据形象记忆seizesb.bythearm/collar抓住某人的胳膊/衣领seizethechance/opportunity抓住时机seizeon/upon抓住；突然对……大为关注①Weshouldseizetheopportunitytoworkhardtoachieveourgoal.我们应乘机努力实现我们的目标。②Beforehecouldrunaway,sheseizedhimbythecollar.在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。③Ifyouthinkyourideahaspotential,seizeon/uponitimmediately.假如你觉得你的想法很有潜力，立即抓住它吧。1．ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能关心我。但是，看来只有毒死蛇的药粉。(1)句型Therebe＋n.＋v.­ing/v.­ed中v.­ing/v.­ed作主语补足语。假如名词与后面的分词存在主动关系，用v.­ing形式，假如是被动关系，那么用v.­ed形式。①Therearemanystudentsstandinginaqueuetoweletheoldsoldier.有许多同学正站队欢送这位老兵。②Thereisnotimeleft(leave);we'dbetterhurry.剩下的时间不多了，我们最好快点。(2)therebe之后如有几个并列主语时，用is还是are要取决于第一个主语是单数还是复数，单数用is，复数用are。③Thereis(be)atigerandtwolionsinthezoo.动物园里有一只老虎和两只狮子。(3)常见的therebe变化结构如下：Therehappen(s)tobe... 碰巧有……Therestand(s)/live(s)/lie(s)/go(es)/remain(s)... 有……Thereseem(s)tobe... 好似有……Thereislikelytobe... 可能有……Theremay(might)/mustbe... 可能/确定有……Theree(s)... ……来了/到了④Thereseem_to_befewertouristsaroundthisyear.今年来访的旅游者好像少了。(4)Therebe句式的非谓语动词形式：Therebeing/Theretobe...⑤Therebeing(be)notaxi,wehadtowalkhome.由于没有出租车，我们不得不走回家去。2．Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到这种认可之后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的创造家。含有only的倒装句经常有下面三种状况：(1)“only＋状语从句〞位于句首时①Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindidwerealizethattherewasamistake.只有当我们再次讨论了这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了一个错误。(2)“only＋介词短语〞位于句首②Onlyinthiswaycan_you_makeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.只有用这种方法你才能改良操作系统。(3)“only＋副词〞位于句首③Onlythendid_I_knowtheimportanceoflearning.直到那时我才知道学习的重要性。[名师点津](1)only修饰的从句不用倒装句式，主句需要使用倒装句式。(2)当only修饰其状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不用倒装。④Onlyafewofthechildrenhaven'tyetgotachanceofbeingeducated.仅有少数儿童未得到受教育的时机。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Icalledupmymothertoaskifshewantedtolivewithusinthecity.2．(2017·江苏高考)Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.3．Aftertheearthquake,thepeoplesetaboutrebuilding(rebuild)theirhomes.4．Pleasedeliverthegoodsatyourearliestconvenience(convenient)．5．Hisfriendwasintimetoseizehimbythearmbeforehefellover.6．Nowadays,therearestillmanypoorstudents,notaffording(afford)togotoschool.7．Somepeopleactthefoolnowandthen.Ⅱ.补全句子1．BeforeIcouldgetin,sherang_off,_andIhadtoring/call_backlater.我还没有来得及插话，她就挂断了，我只好稍后打回去。2．Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguish_one_from_the_other.这对双胞胎长得很像，没有人能辨别得出哪个是哪个。3．Ifit_is_convenient_to_you,_pleasecallmeback.假如便利的话，请给我回个。4．Idecidedtoseize_the_chance/opportunity_togetrecognitionformyidea.我打算抓住这次时机使我的办法被认可。5．Therearegoing_to_betwoEnglishpartiesnextweek.下周有两场英语晚会。6．Onlywhenthepetitionwasoverdid_he_calm_downtorelaxhimself.只有竞赛结束了，他才能静下心来放松一下。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Pleaseetomyhometoplaycardswheneveritisconvenient(便利的)foryou.2．Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectation(期望)ofabone.3．Thepoliceseized(抓住)anescapingthief.4．Thedevicewasprotectedbypatent(专利权)．5．Themerciful(慈爱的)kingsavedtheyoungofficerfromdeath.6．Wedidnotknowwhathadmadehimchangehismindsoabruptly(突然地)．7．Theseproducts(产品)mayhelpyoutokeepslim.8．Hedistinguished(使……扬名)himselfbyhiscourageatthattime.9．Hetoldustodealwiththedangerousworkwithcaution(谨慎)．10．Thereisamerry(开心的)smileonherface.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thegamewascalledupbecauseofthebadweather.up→off2．Itisthesuperiorintelligenceandtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmanbetweentheotheranimals.between→from3．Thekindladyusuallyismercifullytothosehomelesspeople.mercifully→merciful4．Thegovernmenthassetabouttomakemanyneededreforms.about→out5．Willitbeconvenientofyoutoeinthemorning?of→for6．Anotherpartofthebodythatneededspecialcautionsistheeyes.cautions→caution7．Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbyhisarm.his→the8．OntheNationalDay,peoplesanganddancedmerryinthestreet.merry→merrilyⅢ.选词填空beconvenientfor，meetwith，setabout，distinguish...from，euptoone'sexpectations，thereseemedtobe，nowandthen，call...up1．Sticktoyoureffortsandyou'llsurelydistinguishyourselffromotherstudents.2．Now_and_then,_wegettogethertohaveachat,butnotoften.3．Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset_aboutpreparingyourbusinessplan.4．Iusuallyenjoyhismovies,butthelatestonedidn'te_up_to_my_expectations.5．Woulditbe_convenient_foryoutopickmeupatfouro'clockandtakemetotheairport?6．Theyoftenquarreled;there_seemed_to_beamisunderstandingbetweenthem.7．Iwillbegratefulifyoucanconsideracceptingmeandcallingmeup.8．Inmyopinion,whenmeeting_withdifficultiesandfrustrations,weshouldsay“Itisverygood！〞Ⅳ.课文语法填空Whenthewritercalled1.uphermotherinthecountrysideonthephone,shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthattheyseemed2.to_have_made(make)theirhomenearherhouse.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidereditachanceforhertodistinguish3.herself(she)byinventingsomething4.thatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout5.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbe6.easily(easy)caught.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.7.Asaresult,shehadtoattempta8.third(three)time,whichhelpedherfulfillheraimsuccessfully.Shewas9.sodelightedthatshewasdeterminedtosendher10.invention(invent)tothePatentOfficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达我区分(distinguish)其他人之处在于我乐观参与各项活动。自从我得知你们聘请的消息后，我就着手(setabout)申请(apply)成为一名志愿者。志愿者工作对我来说是很适宜的，我肯定会抓住这次时机(seizetheopportunity)把这项工作做好。假如您能接受我的申请，并给我打(callup)，我将不胜感谢。What_distinguishes_me_from_others_is_that_I_take_an_active_part_in_all_kinds_of_activities;_therefore,_I_have_set_about_applying_to_be_a_volunteer_since_I_learned_the_information_that_some_employees_are_wanted.I'm_very_suitable_for_the_voluntary_work_and_I_am_bound_to_seize_the_opportunity_to_do_the_job__will_be_grateful_if_you_can_consider_accepting_me_and_calling_me_up.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空ElvaRobisonwillneverforgetthephonecallshereceivedoneSeptembermorning.Her22­year­olddaughterhadbeen__1__inacaraccident.Theweeksandmonthsthatfollowedwerefullof__2__forElva.Relatives,friendsandneighbors__3__herandherfamily.ButElvadrewthegreatest__4__fromheroldhighschoolclassmate,IrmaHyson.IthappenedthatIrmahadlosther21­year­olddaughterinacaraccidentjustayearbefore,soshe__5__likenooneelsewhatElvawasfeeling,andthatgaveElva__6__.Inthemanyyearssincethen,thetwowomenhavecontinuedto__7__oneanother'sjoys,lossesandhardships.“Idon'tknowwhatI'ddo__8__her，〞ElvasaysofIrma.“I'vetoldher,‘Youhavesavedmylife.’AndIknowshe__9__thesameway.〞Somestudiesfindthathavingawiderangeof__10__—belongingtomunitygroups__11__havinganetworkoffriends—offers__12__.Butothersshowthatthemostimportantthingistohavejustafew__13__friends—“Qualitybeatsquantityallthetime，〞saysLauraCarstensenofStanfordUniversity.ElvaandIrmawouldsurely__14__.FiveyearsafterIrma's__15__died,herhusbandwaskilledinatrafficaccident.Elva__16__wenttoIrma'ssideand__17__todohouseworkandanythingelseshecould.“Shepracticallylivedhereforawhile，〞Irmasays.WhenElva'shusbanddied,Irmastayed__18__byherside.Elva'sdoctor__19__shejoinasupportgroupforthebereaved(失去亲人的)．ButElvatoldhimshereallydidn'tneedanyofthat__20__shehadIrma.Bothcelebratingtheir84thbirthdaysthisyear,thetwobestfriendsstilldrive,travelandsupporteachother.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一对伴侣几十年以来始终相互扶持，关心对方度过人生最黑暗的日子，她们用实际行动诠释了伴侣的意义。1.A.hurt B．killedC．punished D．caught解析：选B依据下段中的“IthappenedthatIrmahadlosther21­year­olddaughterinacaraccident〞可知，与Irma的女儿一样，Elva的女儿也死于车祸。2．A.regret B．angerC．anxiety D．sorrow解析：选D失去女儿，Elva自然很“难受(sorrow)〞。3．A.gotalongwith B．putupwithC．reachedoutto D．paidattentionto解析：选C出了这样的事，亲朋好友都向Elva和她的家人伸出了救济之手。getalongwith“与……一起〞；putupwith“忍受；忍耐〞；payattentionto“留意〞。4．A.pleasure B．fortC．pride D．satisfaction解析：选B依据本段中的“IthappenedthatIrmahadlosther21­year­olddaughterinacaraccident〞可知，Elva从Irma那里得到了最大的“抚慰(fort)〞是由于Irma的女儿也死于车祸，所以Irma“理解(understood)〞Elva的感受。5．A.understood B．rememberedC．realized D．imagined解析：选A参见上题解析。6．A.strength B．safetyC．independence D．faith解析：选A有人能与自己感同身受，这给了Elva支撑下去的“力气(strength)〞。下段中的“Idon'tknow...‘Youhavesavedmylife.’〞也说明白这一点。7．A.control B．enjoyC．share D．express解析：选C依据下文描述Elva和Irma相互扶持，关心对方度过人生最黑暗的日子可知，她们始终相互“共享(share)〞欢乐与哀痛。8．A.besides B．despiteC．for D．without解析：选D依据本空后的“Youhavesavedmylife〞可推想，假如“没有(without)〞Irma,Elva不知道自己会怎么样。9．A.acts B．triesC．replies D．feels解析：选D本空前是Elva谈自己对Irma的感谢之情，属于她的心理感受，故“feels(感受)〞符合此处语境，表示Irma对Elva也怀有同样的感情。10．A.backgrounds B．relationshipsC．experiences D．interests解析：选B本空后的“belongingtomunitygroups...havinganetworkoffriends〞都属于“人际交往关系(relationships)〞的范畴。11．A.inspiteof B．duetoC．aswellas D．insteadof解析：选C依据下一句“But...‘Qualitybeatsquantityallthetime’〞可知，下句说人际关系的质