Chapter03-International-教学讲解课件

Chapter3InternationalCargoTransportCONTENTS3.1Modesoftransport3.2Clauseofshipment3.3Majorshippingdocuments6/4/202323.1ModesoftransportOceantransportAirtransportRailtransportRoadtransportInlandwaterwaytransportContainertransportInternationalmultimodaltransport6/4/20233OceanCarriageAlsocalledOceanShipping,orMarinetransportation.Mostwidelyusedmodeoftransportation+lowcost+largedischargecapacity+largefreightvolume+longdistances—Vulnerabletoweather—Lesspunctual—Highrisk—Lowspeed6/4/20234TypesofcargovesselsGeneralcargovessels(杂货船)Oiltankers（油轮）Containervessels（集装箱船）Oil/bulk/ore(OBO)vessels（油品、散货兼运船）Ro/Rovessels（滚装船）LASH(lighteraboardship)（载驳船）Refrigeratedship（冷藏船）Timbership（木材船）6/4/20235TypesofShippingServicesLinerTransport（班轮运输）CharterTransport（租船运输）/TrampShipping（不定期船运输）6/4/20236LinerTransport（班轮运输）Alinerisavesselwithregularsailingandarrivalonastatedschedulebetweenagroupofspecificports.Featuresfixedroute,ports,scheduleandrelativelyfixedfreightloadingandunloadingchargesincludedinfreightsimpleproceduresandidealforcargoofsmallquantityTheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.6/4/20237LinerfreightBasicfreightrates基本运费——件杂货运费Weight重量法:foritemsmarkedwith“W”inthetariff,thefreightthereonaretobecalculatedpermetrictononweight(weightton).Measurement体积法:foritemsmarkedwith“M”,thefreightistobecalculatedpercubicmeteronmeasurementofthecargo(measurementton).AdVal.从价法:foritemsmarkedwith“ADVal.”,thefreightistobecalculatedonthebasisofthepriceorvalueofthecargoconcerned.Forsomevaluablegoodslikegold,silver,expensivefur,usually1-5%oftheprice.6/4/20238LinerfreightWeightorMeasurement，W/MorAdval

，W/Mplusadval（选择法）PerHead、PerUnit（按件法）OpenRate（议定法）6/4/20239Surcharges超重附加费（Heavy-LiftAdditional）超长附加费（Over-LengthAdditional）选卸附加费（AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort）直航附加费（DirectedAdditional）转船附加费（TranshipmentAdditional）港口附加费（PortAdditional）绕航附加费（deviationsurcharge）燃油附加费（bunkersurcharge）6/4/202310HowtocalculatelinerfreightSelectrelevantfreightlist/freighttariffDeterminethefreightbasisandclassofthegoodsFindthebasicfreightinthefreightgradeslistaccordingtothesailingroute,portofshipmentanddestinationFindthetypesofreceivablesurchargesAddsurchargestobasicratetogetactualfreightfreight=actualfreightxfreightton6/4/202311举例广东A公司与法国B公司签订某商品出口合同。商品总重10公吨，400箱装，每箱毛重25千克，体积20cm×30cm×40cm，单价CFR马赛每箱55美元。查表知该货为8级，计费标准为W/M，每运费吨运费80美元，另征收转船附加费20%，燃油附加费10%。试计算应收总运费。6/4/202312基本运费计收标准——集装箱包箱费率①FAK包箱费率（FreightforAllKinds），即不分货物种类，按每个集装箱收取的费率。②FCS包箱费率（FreightforClass）。即按货物等级制定的包箱费率。③FCB包箱费率（FreightforClass&Basis），即按货物等级及不同类型的计价标准制定的费率。6/4/202313中国一新加坡航线集装箱运费

6/4/2023146/4/202315CharterTransport（租船运输）Muchcheaperthanthatoftheliner.Shippersmaychoosedirectroute.Widelyusedintransportingbulkcargoes.6/4/202316CharterTransport（租船运输）Itfallsinto3kinds:voyagecharter（定程租船）timecharter（定期租船）demisecharter（光船租赁）6/4/202317voyagecharter（定程租船）Thevoyagecharterisoneforthecarriageofgoodsfromonespecifiedporttoanother,orforaroundtrip.Itincludessinglevoyagecharter,returnvoyagecharterandsuccessivevoyagecharter.Accordingtotheroutestipulatedinthecharterparty,theship-ownerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstotheportofdestinationandformanagingtheshipaswellasbearingallexpenses.6/4/202318timecharter（定期租船）Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer.Whatconcernsthecharterermostistheperiod,notthevoyage.Thecharteringmaybeforaperiodof1yearorofseveralyears.6/4/202319demisecharter（光船租赁）Demisecharter,isalsocalledbare-boatcharter,thecharterertakesaleaseoftheentireshipforanagreedtime.Sodemisecharterbelongstotimecharter,buttherearesomedifferences:astotimecharter,duringtheperiodofchartering,theship-ownerprovidesthechartererwithacrew,whileastobare-boatcharter,theship-owneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabare-boat,thecharterershallemploythecrewandpaythecrew’swagesandprovisions,ship’smaintenanceandstoresetc.byhimself,apartfromthoseexpensesheisresponsibleforunderthetimecharter.6/4/202320租船运输的经营方式定程租船定期租船按航程租用船舶按期限租用船舶船方负责船舶的经营管理租船方负责调度和运营运费按照数量计算租期内每月每吨若干金额计算滞期费和速遣费不计算滞期费和速遣费6/4/202321Charterparty（租船合同）Thecharterpartyisacontractconcludedbetweentheship-ownerandthechartererwhenthelattercharterstheshiporbookingshippingspacefromtheformer.Itstipulatestherightsandobligationsofthetwoparties.Themaintermsonthecharterpartyincludetheinterestedparties,nameandflagoftheship,descriptionandquantityoftheshipments,timeofchartering,freight,loadingandunloadingexpenses,timelimitofloadingandunloading,demurrage（滞期费）anddispatchmoney（速遣费）.6/4/202322定程租船的装卸费用班轮条件liner/berth/grossterms船方管装不管卸freeout,F.O.船方管卸不管装freein,F.I.船方不负担装卸费freeinandout--F.I.O.(F.I.O.S.T.)6/4/2023236/4/2023246/4/202325ContainertransportContainerizationisamethodofdistributingmerchandiseinaunitizedform,suitableforocean,railandmulti-modaltransport.Itisthemostmodernformofphysicalinternationaldistributionandoverallishighlyefficientintermsofreliability,cost,qualityofservice,advancedtechnologyandsoon.6/4/202326FeaturesofcontainerizationIncreasetheefficiencyofhandlingImprovethetransportationqualitySaveoperatingcostsSimplifydeliveryformalitiesPromotemulti-modaltransportation6/4/202327TypesofContainersThemajorityofcontainersarebuilttotheISOspecification.The20-footand40-footcontainersaremostpopular.(8’X8’X40’and8’X8’X20’).ThecontainercapacityismeasuredinTEUs

(Twenty-feetEquivalentUnits).Containersofothersizesandcapacitiesarealsoavailablebutnotwidelyused.Threemajortypesofcontainers:8’X8’X40’(IA);8.6’X8’X40’(IAA);8’X8’X20’(IC)6/4/2023286/4/2023296/4/2023306/4/2023316/4/2023326/4/202333箱管作业场地6/4/202334七层堆高机6/4/20233540吨叉车6/4/202336进口拆箱和出口装箱6/4/202337集装箱货物的装箱方式整箱货（FullContainerLoad,FCL）发货人负责装箱、计数并加铅封整箱货的拆箱一般由收货人办理，但也可以委托承运人在货运站拆箱承运人对整箱货以箱为交接单位拼箱货（LessThanContainerLoad,LCL）承运人要负责装箱与拆箱，装拆箱费用仍向货方收取6/4/202338集装箱货物的交接方式门到门（DoortoDoor）门到场（DoortoCY）门到站（DoortoCFS）场到门（CYtoDoor）场到场（CYtoCY）场到站（CYtoCFS）站到门（CFStoDoor）站到场（CFStoCY）站到站（CFStoCFS）6/4/202339CONTAINERYARD6/4/202340ContainerFreightStation6/4/2023416/4/2023426/4/202343集装箱货物的交接方式国际上通用的表示方式为：FCL／FCL或CY／CY（整装整拆）FCL／LCL或CY／CFS（整装拼拆）LCL／FCL或CFS／CY（拼装整拆）LCL／LCL或CFS／CFS（拼装拼拆）6/4/202344ContainerFreightBasedoncontainercapacity/originanddestinationofthemerchandiseInlandtransportationcostisincludedBasedonthetypeofcommodityForLCL,eachcommodityischargedseparatelyforthefreight6/4/202345Roleofshippingandforwardingagents(货运代理)Theyareexpertsintheirfieldwithanup-to-dateandspecializedknowledgeofallthevariousmethodsoftransport,relativefreightandcarriagerates,constantlychangingconditionsatports,andrequirementsofcustomsauthorities.Consolidationorgroupageofanumberofcargoesfromdifferentexportersintooneconsignmentmakestransportationmoreeconomical.6/4/202346ProcedurestoarrangetheshipmentTheselectionofavesselandshippinglinefortherequireddestinationTheprocuringofspaceonboardaspecificvesselTheconsiderationandcalculationoffreightratePaymentoffreightPreparationofthebillofladingDispatchoftheconsignmenttothedocksUtilizationofstandardshippingorder(装货单)form6/4/202347BookingnoteShippingorderMatesreceiptBillofladingDeliveryorder6/4/2023483.2ClauseofshipmentTimeofshipmentPortofshipmentandportofdestinationPartialshipmentandtransshipmentShippingadviceLaytime,demurrageanddispatchmoney6/4/202349TimeofshipmentHowtostipulatethetimeofshipmentinthecontract?1、Adefinitetimeisgivenforshipment.ShipmentatorbeforetheendofMarch.ShipmentonorbeforeMay,15th.ShipmentnotlaterthanOctober31st.(thelatesttime)ShipmentduringJanuary.Shipmentwithinsixtydays.ShipmentduringJan./Feb.(acertainperiodoftime)6/4/2023502.WhenthepaymentismadebyL/C,thetimeofshipmentisusuallymadeinconnectionwiththetimeofreceiptofL/C.TheBuyermustopentherelativeL/CtoreachtheSellersbefore15Oct.Shipmentwithin45daysafterreceiptofL/C.6/4/2023513.Recentshipment（×）ImmediateshipmentPromptshipmentShipmentassoonaspossibleUCP600/ART.3Unlessrequiredtobeusedinadocument,wordssuchas"prompt","immediately"or"assoonaspossible"willbedisregarded.6/4/202352ConsiderationsfordecidingthetimeofshipmentThesupplyofthegoodsTransportationTheopeningdateofL/CThenatureofthecargo6/4/202353PortofshipmentanddestinationPortofshipmentPortofdestinationTheportwheregoodsareshippedanddepartTheportatwhichgoodsareultimatelydischarged6/4/202354HowtostipulateportofshipmentanddestinationOnespecificportofshipmentordestinationOptionalportsPortofShipment:ShanghaiPortofDestination:LondonOneportoutofLondon/Hamburg/Rotterdam6/4/202355ConsiderationsfordecidingportofshipmentanddestinationTrytomakethemasclearaspossible;Providesomeflexibilitybyallowingoptionalports;Takeintoaccountportregulations,facilities,chargesandpossiblesanctions;Bealerttothepossibilityofdifferentportshavingthesamename.6/4/202356PartialshipmentandtransshipmentPartialshipmentTransshipmentShippingthecommodityunderonecontractinmorethanonelots.Themovementofgoodsintransitfromonecarriertoanotherattheportsoftransshipmentbeforethegoodsreachtheportofdestination.6/4/202357合同中的分批、转运条款5/6/7月份装运，允许分批和转运(ShipmentduringMay/June/July,withpartialshipmentsandtranshipmentallowed)6/7月份分两批装运，禁止转运(DuringJune/Julyintwoshipments,transhipmentisprohibited)11/12月份分两次平均装运，由香港转运(DuringNov./Dwoequalmonthlyshipment,tobetranshippedatHongKong)6/4/202358案例某年，我某进出口总公司与非洲国家某进口商签订了出口1万吨大米的合同，合同中明确规定进口商必须开出可转让信用证。不久，我方即收到进口商所在地银行开来的可转让信用证，但规定不得分批。总公司随之将信用证全部转让给沿海5家分公司使用。这5家分公司按照来证规定的装运期在各自口岸，通过同一条班轮按质按量完成了交货任务，并在各自当地银行就地议付，取得了货款。但货到目的港后，因市场发生了变化，大米价格下跌，进口商不想接受货物。为了达到这一目的，进口商借口交货地点不同，装运期不同，说我方违反了信用证的规定，对货物进行了“分批装运”，所以要求退还货款。我方坚持没有违反信用证要求的观点。双方产生争议。试分析。6/4/202359RelevantlinktoUCP600Article31PartialDrawingsorShipmentsa.Partialdrawingsorshipmentsareallowed.b.Apresentationconsistingofmorethanonesetoftransportdocumentsevidencingshipmentcommencingonthesamemeansofconveyanceandforthesamejourney,providedtheyindicatethesamedestination,willnotberegardedascoveringapartialshipment,eveniftheyindicatedifferentdatesofshipmentordifferentportsofloading,placesoftakinginchargeordispatch.Ifthepresentationconsistsofmorethanonesetoftransportdocuments,thelatestdateofshipmentasevidencedonanyofthesetsoftransportdocumentswillberegardedasthedateofshipment.6/4/202360Apresentationconsistingofoneormoresetsoftransportdocumentsevidencingshipmentonmorethanonemeansofconveyancewithinthesamemodeoftransportwillberegardedascoveringapartialshipment,evenifthemeansofconveyanceleaveonthesamedayforthesamedestination.6/4/202361c.Apresentationconsistingofmorethanonecourierreceipt,postreceiptorcertificateofpostingwillnotberegardedasapartialshipmentifthecourierreceipts,postreceiptsorcertificatesofpostingappeartohavebeenstampedorsignedbythesamecourierorpostalserviceatthesameplaceanddateandforthesamedestination.6/4/202362案例某粮油A公司于某年以CIF条件与英国贸易B公司达成交易，向其出售一笔棉籽油。总数量为840公吨，允许分批装运。对方开来信用证中有关装运条款规定：“840公吨棉籽油，装运港：广州，允许分二批装运；460公吨于9月15日前至伦敦，380公吨于10月15日前至利物浦”。粮油进出口公司于8月3日在广州黄埔港装305公吨至伦敦，计划在月末再继续装155公吨至伦敦，9月末再装至利物浦的380公吨。第一批305公吨装完后即办理议付，但单据寄到国外，开证行于8月15日提出单证不符。试分析。6/4/202363RelevantlinktoUCP600Article32InstallmentDrawingsorShipmentsIfadrawingorshipmentbyinstallmentswithingivenperiodsisstipulatedinthecreditandanyinstallmentisnotdrawnorshippedwithintheperiodallowedforthatinstallment,thecreditceasestobeavailableforthatandanysubsequentinstallment.6/4/202364Shippingadvice(装运通知)Whenthegoodsareshippedonboardthevessel,thesellerneedstogivethebuyerpromptnoticeof:PortofshipmentThedateofsailingThenameofthecarryingvesselTheestimatedtimeofarrivalSampleofShippingAdvice6/4/202365Laytime,demurrage,anddispatchmoneyLaytimeisthetimeallowedforcompletionofloadingandunloading.Thereareseveralwaysofstipulatinglaytime:DaysorrunningdaysWeatherworkingdaysof24hoursWeatherworkingdaysof24consecutivehours6/4/202366Demurragecompensationpaidfordetentionofaship,freightcar,orothercargoconveyanceduringloadingorunloadingbeyondthescheduledtimeofdeparture.Dispatchmoneyamountpaidbyavessel’soperatortoachartererifloadingorunloadingiscompletedinlesstimethanstipulatedinthecharterparty.6/4/2023673.3Majorshippingdocuments※Billoflading※Consignmentnote(forRailandRoad)AirwaybillCombinedtransportdocuments(CTD)6/4/202368BillofladingDefinitionandFunctionAbilloflading(sometimesreferredtoasaBOL,orB/L)isadocumentissuedbyacarriertoashipper,acknowledgingthatspecifiedgoodshavebeenreceivedonboardascargoforconveyancetoanamedplacefordeliverytotheconsigneewhoisusuallyidentified.6/4/202369Abillofladingisashippingdocumentthatservesas:1)areceiptofthegoods(货物收据)2)adocumentoftitle(物权凭证)3)theevidenceofthecontractbetweentheconsignorandthecarrier(运输契约的证明)6/4/202370TypesofB/LAsperwhetherthegoodsareshippedonboard:Shipped(onboard)B/L已装船提单√ReceivedforshipmentB/L备运提单AsperwhethertheB/Liscleanornot:CleanB/L清洁提单√Unclean/FoulB/L不清洁提单Someremarkscannotberegardedas“unclean”.不明白地表示货物或包装不能令人满意，如：“旧包装”，“旧箱”强调承运人对于货物或包装性质引起的风险不负责任否认承运人知悉货物内容、质量、重量等发货人装载并计数6/4/202371AspertheissuerofB/LMasterB/L船东单HouseB/L货代单AsperthenameoftheconsigneeStraightB/L记名提单BlankB/L/BearerB/L不记名提单OrderB/L指示提单(widelyused)√6/4/202372

提单抬头

是否背书

能否转让

StraightB/LNoendorsementTheconsignorcannottransfer.Theconsigneecanifnecessary.BlankB/LNoendorsementTransferableOrderB/LtoordertoorderofshippertoorderofconsigneetoorderofbankBytheconsignorBytheconsigneeBythebankTransferableafterendorsement.6/4/202373AsperthecontentoftheB/LLongformB/L全式提单ShortformB/L简式提单AspertheeffectofB/LOriginalB/L正本提单√CopyB/L副本提单6/4/202374AsperthemodesoftransportDirectB/L直达提单TransshipmentB/L转船提单ThroughB/L联运提单AsperthetypesofshippingservicesLinerB/L班轮提单CharterpartyB/L租船提单6/4/202375AspertheissuingdateofB/LStaleB/L过期提单Ante-datedB/L倒签提单AdvancedB/L预借提单OthertypesofB/LContainerB/L集装箱提单OndeckB/L舱面提单6/4/202376案例分析我国某公司与瑞士某公司签订某农产品3500公吨的合同，每公吨CIF鹿特丹24英镑共值84000英镑。装船日期为当年12月至次年1月，对方以不可撤销的即期信用证进行支付。我国某公司在租船装运时，因原订货船临时损坏，在国外修理，不能在预定的时间到达我国口岸装货，临时改派香港某公司租船装运，但又因连日风雪，迟至2月11日才装完毕，2月13日开航。我某公司了取得符合信用证所规定的装船日期（即19××年12月1日至次年1月31日）提单，要求外轮代理公司按次年1月31日签发提单，并以此提单向我银行办理议付。6/4/202377货物到达鹿特丹，经买方聘请律师上船查阅航行日志，查实提单的签发日期是伪造的立即凭证向当地法院起诉，并由法院发出扣船通知。船由外轮公司以30000英镑担保放行，我方经四个月的谈判，共赔偿20600英镑，买方才撤回上诉而结案，既损失了外汇，又对外造成了不良的影响。试对此案进行分析。6/4/202378分析:

倒签提单是一种违法行为，一旦被识破，产生的后果是严重的。但是在国际贸易中，倒签提单的情况相当普遍。尤其是当延期时间不多的情况下，还是有许多出口商会铤而走险。当倒签的日子较长的情况出现，就容易引起买方怀疑，最终可以通过查阅船长的航行日志或者班轮时刻表等途径加以识破。6/4/202379ContentsofBillofLading1．提单的号码（B/L.NO.______）2．托运人（Shipper）3．收货人或指示（ConsigneeorOrder）4．被通知人（NotifyParty）5．前段运输（pre-carriageby）6．收货地点（placeofreceipt）7．船名船次（Vessel/VOYNO.）8．装货港（PortofLading）9．卸货港（PortofDischarge）10．交货地点（PlaceofDelivery）6/4/20238011．运输标志（MarksandNos）12．包装种类和件数，货名（NumberandKindofPackages,DescriptionofGoods）13．毛重（GrossWeight）14．尺码（Measurement）15．大写件数（totalnumberof