第04练名词-2022年初一英语（牛津译林版）（解析版）doc

第04练名词一、名词的概念及分类概念：名词是表示人或物的名称的词，如：bird,fish等。分类：分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词指的是某些地方及机构特有的，为人所知的名称，一般首字母会大写。类别意义例子专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedUnion普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集体名词表示一群人或一群事物的词family,police,class,group,team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象感念的词danger,health,life,knowledge,interest,love,homework二、可数名词及其单复数1.名词在数量上分为可数名词和不可数名词，而可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词由单数变为复数时的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两种，具体如下表：情况构成方法读音例子一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakesday-dayspen-pensstudent-students以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-busesbox-boxeswish-wisheswatch-watches以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es读/z/factory-factories以元音字母加-y结尾的词加-s读/z/key-keys以-f(-fe)结尾的词变-f(-fe)为v,再加-es读/z/leaf-leavesknife-knives以o结尾的词一般情况，有生命的结尾加es读/z/potato-potatoeshero-heroes无生命的结尾加sradio-radiospiano-pianos不规则变化：构成方法读音是否改变例子改变单数名词中的元音字母改变man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feet单复数形式相同不变sheep-sheepdeer-deerfish-fishChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese其他形式改变mouse-micechild-children-man的名词合成词a变e改变Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen非合成词加shuman-humansGerman-Germans复合名词man/woman的复合名词前后均复改变manteacher-menteacherswomandoctor-womendoctors其他方式的复合名词后一个单词变复数boystudent-boystudentsappletree-appletrees三、不可数名词量的表示方式1.用some,(too/so)much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough等来表示数量。muchwater许多水somemoney一些钱alittlemilk一点牛奶lotsofbeef许多牛肉借助量词表示一定数量:单数：a+(量词单数)+of+不可数名词复数：some/数词+(量词复数)of+不可数名词apieceofadvice一条建议apairoftrousers一条裤子acupoforange一杯橘汁twobagsofrice两袋大米有些抽象名词可转化为可数名词beauty美丽----abeauty美人，美的东西success成功----asuccess一件成功的事或者一个成功的人四、名词所有格1.有生命的名词所有格1)一般在词尾加“'s”:mymother’sbirthdayJim’spen2)以s结尾的名词复数所有格，一般只在名词右上加s’theteachers’officetheworkers’clubboys’100-meterrace3)如果两个人共同拥有一样东西，则只在最后一个名词后加上's;如果是各自拥有，两个名词后面都要加上's。LilyandLucy’sroom(共同拥有)Lily’sandLucy’srooms(各自拥有)4)特例：若名词所有格后所修饰的词表示“家，店铺，办公室”等地点名词，地点名词通常可以省略:atMr.White’s在怀特先生家atthedoctor’s在诊所在atthetailor’s在裁缝店无生命的名词所有格1)对于无生命的名词，通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示所有关系，放在被修饰名词的后面。thedoorofthehousethegateoftheschoolthenameofthefilm2)有几种情况用to来表达所有格thekeytothedoor门口的钥匙theanswertothequestion问题的答案无生命的用“’s/s’”构成名词所有格1)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加上“'s”来构成所有格。复数名词如果以s

结尾，在s的在上角加“'”即可。today’snewspapertenhours’worktwentyminutes’walk/drive/ride2)表示时间、距离、国家和城市等用“’s/s’”来表示的名词所有格也可以和名词构成词组相互转化。Myfatherwillcomebackintwodays.=Myfatherwillcomebackintwodays’time.双重所有格双重所有格是将of所有格和's所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。若of后面接代词，代词需要用名词性物主代词。Afriendofmysister’siscomingtonight.Twosonsofmybrother’sarestudents.一、选择题____________turngreeninspring.ALeafBLeafsC.LeafesDLeaves【答案】D【解析】观察动词turn的形式，并结合选项，可以知道此处考的是可数名词的复数形式，leaf是可数名词并以f结尾，根据名词变复数的规则，去f加ves，变为leaves.答案:D2.-----I’mthirsty.MayIhavesomethingtodrink?------Ok,here’ssome_______.A.riceB.breadC.waterD.oranges【答案】C【解析】从be动词和some的矛盾性可知，此处不可能是可数名词，所以排除掉D.根据drink可以继续排除AB.答案:C3.---________unusualmusicheisplaying!(2011高淳二模)

---Yes,allofthestudentsarelosingthemselvesinit.A.What

B.Whatan

C.Howa

D.How【答案】A【解析】此题在感叹句中考察名词，问句中的中心名词为music,为不可数名词，前不需要冠词，可以排除A.D，而感叹句中若中心词为名词时，要用what来修饰。答案:A4.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere.A.women,girls B.women,girl C.woman,girls D.woman,girl【答案】B【解析】这题考查的是复合名词的复数形式。复合名词前面的名词时man或woman,变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复数形式，所以第一空填womenteachers;如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式，所以第二空girl不用改复数，student要变复数。答案：BTwodays____________________enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’t B.is C.aren’t D.are【答案】A【解析】当时间做主语时，作为一个整体概念，用单数，排除掉C.D.根据句意，还需要一天，所以不足够。答案：A6.Mymotherbought___________forsupperthismorning.A.twofishesBtwofishCapieceoffishD.onefishes【答案】B【解析】英语中有些名词单复数同形，如：fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中国人)等。fish较为特殊，表示“条数和只数”时，应是onefish,twofish,答案：B7.－Howmany______canyouseeinthepicture?－Onlyone.A.dogB.sheepsC.childD.sheep【答案】D【解析】解析：Howmany要跟可数名词复数，首先可以排除AC，而sheep它是单复数同体，无sheeps这种用法，本题选D。—How'sJoy'sskirt?—Herskirtismorebeautifulthan____.hersister'sandKateB.hersisterandKateC.hersisterandKate'sD.hersister'sandKate's【答案】C【解析】首先比较级需要注意前后比较的对象需要一致，than为herskirt,所以后面比较的对象应该是物体，而不是人，排除掉A,B.在C和D中，一个是共同拥有，一个是分开拥有，注意原文的结构，用的是比较级，说明是两者之间进行比较，三者比较用最高级，所以排除D.答案：C按照单词的适当形式填空。Howmany___________(womandoctor)arethereinthehospital?Theguidehascollectedallthe________(visit)IDcards.Afterseveral________(week)study,theAmericanstudentsfoundChineseinterestingtolearn.Thebaby’sfirstfront_______(tooth)arejustcomingthrough.Thispairofglasses______(be)mine.【答案】womendoctors2.visitors’3.weeks’4.teeth5.is【解析】这题考查的是复合名词的复数形式。根据主谓一致原则和语境判断此处需要用名词的复数形式。而由上表格知复合名词前面的名词是man或woman,变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复数形式。首先根据句子的意思：这个导游已经收集了所有…身份证，而给出的词为visit：参观，可以从句意猜测到是参观者的身份证，表明是一种所属关系，且是有生命的，所以需要先将visit变为名词visitor,然后再变为所有格，这儿是所有参观者，需要用复数。解析：看完整个句子，week（星期）表示“时间”，和study之间是一种所属关系：“几个星期的学习”，所以要用名词所有格，先确定单复数：weeks，以s结尾，直接加“’”，答案为weeks’判断名词用单数还是复数形式，需要给学生灌输“主谓一致”的理念，看到后面are，可知此处需要用名词的复数形式，而tooth复数为不规则的名词复数形式，需要将oo变为ee.答案为teeth5.本题考查的是主谓一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式。主语为thispairofglasses,glasses本身应该用复数，但是前面有apair,所以谓语动词也应该用单数is。一、阅读理解ADogslikelivingwithpeople.Theyareveryfriendly.Theycandomanythingsforpeople.

Somedogshelppeopletolookaftersheep,otherdogshelpthemtofindthelostchildren.Andsomeofthedogscanhelptheblind(盲人).Thereisakindofdog.HisnameisSeeingEyedog.Nowwecanseethiskindofdogallovertheworld.Theyareworkingfortheblind.TheSeeingEyedogisstrongandeasytotrain(训练).Hehelpstheblindtowalkfromplacetoplace.BeforeadogbecomesaSeeingEyedog,hemustgotoatrainingschoolforaboutthreemonths.First,thedoghastolearntositorstaywhenhehearsthetrainer’scall.Inhisnextlesson,thedoglearnstotakehistrainer(训练员)acrossbusystreets.Thedoghasmanythingstolearn.Attheendofthetrainingschool,hemusttaketests(测试).Whenhepasses(通过)thetest,theSeeingEyedogwilldothingsbyhimself.Nowhecanhelptheblindpeople.Thenewmastermaybeaman,awoman,orevenachild.Ittakesthedogandhisblindmasteraboutamonthtolearntoworkandlivetogether.1.WecanseetheSeeingEyedog_________.A.onlyinthecountry B.onlyinsmallcitiesC.allovertheworld D.onlyinAmerica2.—WhatcantheSeeingEyedogdo?—_________.A.Helptheblindpeople. B.Findthelostchildren.C.Lookaftersheep. D.Doanything.3.IfyouwantadogtobecomeaSeeingEyedog,youmustlethim_________.A.gotothestreet B.gotoamiddleschoolC.gotoatrainingschool D.gotoaneveningschool4.Firstthedoghastolearntositorstay_________.A.whenhehearsthetelephonecall B.whenhehearsthedoorbellC.whenhehearsthetrainer’scall D.whenhesawthepeople【答案】CACC【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍狗是非常有用的动物，导盲犬可以帮助盲人到处走动。导盲犬要训练大约三个月，通过考试后才可以帮助盲人。【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第三段“Nowwecanseethiskindofdogallovertheworld”可知，现在我们在世界各地都能看到导盲犬。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyareworkingfortheblind.TheSeeingEyedogisstrongandeasytotrain.Hehelpstheblindtowalkfromplacetoplace”可知，导盲犬为盲人工作，导盲犬帮助盲人从一个地方走到另一个地方。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据第三段“BeforeadogbecomesaSeeingEyedog,hemustgotoatrainingschoolforaboutthreemonths”可知，在一只狗成为导盲犬之前，必须去训练学校学习大约三个月。故选C。4.细节理解题。根据第三段“Firstthedoghastolearntositorstaywhenhehearsthetrainer’scall”可知，当狗听到训狗师的叫声时，它必须学会坐着或待着。故选C。BHumanshavefivedifferentsenses(感官):sight(视觉),hearing,smell,tasteandtouch.Theyworktogetherandtellhumansaboutthingsaroundthem.SightTheeyescanonlyseewithlight.Lightcarriesthepictureofsomethingintotheeyessothehumancanseeit.Butdoyouknowthatthepictureisupsidedown?Thebrain(大脑)hastoturnthepicturetherightwayupagain!HearingSoundstravelthroughtheair(空气)likewaves(波).Soundwavesaremuchslowerthanlight.Soyoualwaysseelightningfirst,andthenyouhearthethunder.SmellHumanssmellwiththeirnoses.Mostpeopleknowabout10,000kindsofsmell!Thisisamazing,butdogssmell1,000timesbetterthanhumans!Nosesarenotonlyforsmelling.Theyalsocleanandwarmtheair.TastePeoplecantastefoodwiththeirtonguesbecausethereareabout10,000tastebuds(味蕾).Oldtastebudsdieandnewonescomeouteverytwoweeks.Butwhenpeoplegetolder,thishappenslessoften.That’swhyoldpeopleoftenfindfoodtasteless.TouchThesenseoftouchisdifferentfromtheothersenses.Ithelpsthebodytohaveallkindsoffeelingslikepain,coldandheat.Somepartsofthebodylikethefingertipsaremoresensitivethanotherparts.

Adaptedfrom<THEHUMANBODY>5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Lightandsound. B.Smellandtaste.C.Differentsensesofhumans. D.Partsofhumans’body.6.Whatcan’tyoudowithout(没有)sight?A.See. B.Hear. C.Taste. D.Touch.7.Whatdoestheword“this”inParagraph5referto(指代)?A.Tastebud. B.Tastingfood.C.Peoplegetolder. D.Newtastebudscomeout.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?①Whenthereisn’tair,wecan’t