高二英语人教版选修六练习UNIT3课下能力提升（十二）

Unit3课下力量提升〔十二〕Ⅰ.阅读理解Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%,accordingtonewUCLresearchcarriedoutaspartofthePublicHealthResearchCentre.Thestudy,publishedinJAMAPsychiatry,foundatwowayrelationshipbetweendepressionandphysicalactivity.Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptomsbutthosewithmoredepressivesymptomswerelessactive,particularlyatyoungerages.Researchersfollowed11,135peoplebornin1958upuntiltheageof50,recordingdepressivesymptomsandlevelsofphysicalactivityatregularintervalsinadulthood.Theyfoundthateachadditionalactivityperiodperweekreducedoddsofdepressionby6%.InEngland19%ofmenand26%ofwomenarecurrentlyclassedas“inactive〞，andthisstudysuggeststhatactivitycouldsignificantlyimprovetheirmentalaswellasphysicalhealth.“Assumingtheassociationiscausal,physicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek,hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%，〞saidDrSnehaloftheUCLInstituteofChildHealth,leadauthorofthestudy.ProfessorMark,DirectorofthePublicHealthResearchCentre,said：“Manypeoplearealreadyawareofthebenefitsofphysicalactivityontheirgeneralhealth,butnowweareseeingmoreevidencethatsuggestsitalsohasapositiveeffectonaperson’smentalwellbeing.Thelatestresearchhighlightsjusthowimportantitistoensurethatpeopleareworkingandlivinginenvironmentsthatallowthemtobebothphysicallyactiveandmentallyhealthy.〞语篇解读：最新讨论说明，增加每周熬炼身体的次数，能降低人们患抑郁症的风险。1．Theunderlinedword“odds〞inParagraph1probablymeans“________〞．A．benefits B．intervalsC．risks D．ages解析：选C词义猜想题。依据第四段中的“Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek,hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%〞可知，人们每周熬炼三次，能让患抑郁症的可能性降低大约16%。由此可推断出，odds和risks的意思一样，故C项正确。2．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,ifpeopleincreasetheirweeklyactivity,________.A．theirdepressivesymptomswillbefewerB．theirdepressivesymptomswillbemoreC．theywillbeemuchyoungerD．theywillbeemoredepressive解析：选A细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptoms〞可知，假如人们增加他们每周熬炼的次数，就会有较少的抑郁病症，故A项正确。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．DrSnehalthinksitisimportanttobebothphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.B．Theresearchshowsmenaremoreactiveinphysicalactivitythanwomen.C．Adultswhoinsistonphysicalactivitywillavoiddepressionpletely.D．Increasingphysicalactivitycanfreepeoplefromdepressioninaway.解析：选D推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%〞可推知，增加熬炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患抑郁症的可能性，故D项正确。4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Totellusafunstoryabouthowtoprotectusagainstdepression.B．Tointroducearesearchonthelinkbetweenphysicalactivityanddepression.C．Topersuadereaderstoincreasetheirweeklyactivity.D．Todescribethedisadvantagesofphysicalactivity.解析：选B写作意图题。本文主要向读者介绍了一项科学讨论成果，这份讨论叙述的是身体熬炼和抑郁症之间的联系，故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五FivesecretstolivingasunshinelifeDon’tavoidorignorenegativity.Inordertoconquerandoverethenegativity,itmustbeacknowledged.Youareincontrolofyourenvironmentandifthesenegativesituationskeepmakinganappearance,it’suptoyoutohandlethem.Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds.Inordertoliveapowerfulandmeaningfullife,youmustloveyourself.__1__Andthiswillbereflectedinyourthoughtsandemotionalstateofmind.Loveyourselffullyinordertoloveothersfully.__2__Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot.Ifsituationsarebadandbeyondrepair,it’stimetoletgo.Arethererelationshipsorfriendshipsthatremaindamagedbutyouknowareworththetime?__3__Dowhatyoucantofindloveinsituationswhereitmayhavebeenabsentinthepast.Give.Giveourtime,energy,loveandsometimesmoneytoothers.__4__Soifyoucan,don’thesitatetodoit.Focusonthingsthatmakeussmile,laughandfeelgood.Thisoneisprettysimple.__5__Thatis,domoreofwhatmakesyouhappy!Itrulybelievehappinessmaynoteaseasilyaswewish.Inordertogothroughworkandresponsibilitiesthatseemboring,wehavetoactivelypursueandengageinbeautifulactsofloveandkindness.Solet’shaveatry.A．JustdoMOREofit.B．Fixthemandfindpeace.C．Alwaysputyourselffirst.D．Mendwhat’sbrokenorgetridofit.E．Determinewhatisimportanttoyou.F．Mindyouractionsandhowyouliveeachday.G．Everythingweputoutintotheworldesbacktous.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要地介绍了五个享受阳光生活的秘诀。1．解析：选F依据本段的小标题“Takecareofyourselfandyourneeds〞及空处上下文的内容可知，此处主要讲的是要关注自己及自己的需求。故F项符合语境。2．解析：选D依据下文的内容，尤其是“Determinewhatisworthyourtimeandeffortandwhatisnot...worththetime〞可知，本段主要讲的是要修补“裂开的〞东西或者摆脱它。故D项符合语境。3．解析：选B此处与上文的“Ifsituationsarebadandbeyondrepair,it’stimetoletgo〞形成比照，上文说的是放手，这里说的是修复。选项中的“them〞照应上句中的“relationshipsorfriendships〞。所以答案为B。4．解析：选G依据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是付出，且由空后的“So〞可知，空处是付出的缘由，故G项符合语境。5．解析：选A依据空前的“Thisoneisprettysimple〞和空后的“Thatis,domoreofwhatmakesyouhappy！〞可知，A项“就是多做〞符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIwasinmiddleschool,apoisonousspiderbitmyrighthand.Irantomymomfor__1__butinsteadoftakingmetoadoctor,mymomsetmyhand__2__.Afterwrappingmyhandwithseverallayersofcotton,thensoakingitinwine,sheputachopstickintomymouth,andlitthecotton.Heatquicklywentthroughthecottonandbegantoroastmy__3__.Thesharppainmademewanttoscream,butthechopstick__4__it.AllIcoulddowaswatchmyhandburn—oneminute,thentwominutes—__5__momputoutthefire.Atthattimetherewasnodoctoravailablemymothercouldbringmetoseeaboutmyspiderbite.Forthosewhostudybiology,youmayhavegraspedthescience__6__mymom’scure:heatdeactivates(使不活泼)proteins,andaspider’svenom(毒液)is__7__aformofprotein.It’s__8__howthatfolkremedyactuallyincludesbasicbiochemistry,isn’tit?ButIamaPhDstudentinbiochemistryatHarvard.Inowknowthatbetter,less__9__andlessriskytreatmentsexisted.SoIcan’thelpbutaskmyselfwhyIdidn’t__10__oneatthattime.NowIamhappytoreportthatmyhandisfine.Butthisquestionremains,andIcontinuetobetroubledbytheunequal__11__ofscientificknowledgethroughouttheworld.Despitetheknowledgewehaveaccumulated,wehaven’tbeenso__12__indeploying(配置)ittowhereit’sneededmost.Weconstantlyseetheseproblemsofpoverty,illness,and__13__ofresourcespreventingtheflowofscientificinformation.Lifesavingknowledgewetakeforgrantedinthemodernworldisoften__14__inunderdevelopedregions.WhilestudyingatHarvard,Isaw__15__scientificknowledgecanhelpothersinsimple,yetprofoundways.Thebirdfluinthe2000slookedtomyvillagelikeaspellcastbydevils.WhenIrealizedthatsimplehygiene(卫生)practiceslike__16__differentanimalspeciescouldcontainthespreadofthedisease,andthatIcouldhelpmakethisknowledgeavailabletomyvillage,thatwasmyfirst“Aha〞momentasabuddingscientist.Harvarddaresustodreambig,toaspire(立志)tochangetheworld.HereonthismencementDay,weare__17__thinkingofgranddestinationsandbigadventuresthatawaitus.Asforme,Iamalsothinkingofthefarmersinmyvillage.Myexperiencehere__18__mehowimportantit’sforresearcherstomunicateourknowledgetothose__19__.Becausebyusingthesciencewealreadyhave,wecanprobablybringmyvillageandthousandslikeitintotheworldyouandItake__20__everyday.Andthat’sanimpacteveryoneofuscanmake!语篇解读：在哈佛高校的毕业典礼上，来自中国湖南的生物系博士生何江作为毕业生代表发表了毕业典礼演讲。他从自己的亲身经受——被蜘蛛咬伤的往事讲起，说明学问传播、学问分布以及资源平衡的重要性。 B．helpC．advice D．decision解析：选B句意：在我上中学的时候，一只毒蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手，我去找母亲寻求关心。help意为“关心，帮助〞；medicine意为“药，药物；医学〞；advice意为“建议，忠告〞；decision意为“打算，决心〞。2．A.inwater B．onfireC．introuble D．onstrike解析：选B依据后文可知，母亲实行的行动是把作者的手放在火上烧。onfire意为“着火〞；inwater意为“在水中〞；introuble意为“有麻烦〞；onstrike意为“罢工〞。3． B．chestC．hand D．face解析：选C依据下文的“watchmyhandburn〞可知，棉纱上的温度很快上来了，作者的手也开头发烫。4． B．forbadeC．cancelled D．prevented解析：选D句意：这股灼痛让我想要大叫，不过我嘴里含着的筷子让我叫不出来。prevent意为“预防，防止，阻挡〞；preserve意为“爱护，保存，保持〞；forbid意为“禁止，不准〞；cancel意为“取消，废除〞。5． B．untilC．when D．while解析：选B句意：我唯一能做的就是看着我的手被火烧，一分钟过去了，两分钟过去了，直到母亲把火熄灭。until意为“直到……才〞；before意为“在……之前〞；when意为“当……时候〞；while意为“当……时候；而；尽管，虽然〞。6． B．behindC．after D．within解析：选B句意：对于同学物学的人来说，你或许能找到我母亲的治疗方法背后所包含的科学原理。behind意为“在……的后面，是……的缘由〞；beside意为“在……的旁边，在……四周〞；after意为“在……之后〞；within意为“在……之内〞。7． B．simplyC．constantly D．continuously解析：选B句意：热量能够让蛋白质失去活性，而蜘蛛的毒液只是一种蛋白质。simply意为“仅仅，只是〞；accurately意为“精确?????地，精确地〞；constantly意为“常常地，不断地〞；continuously意为“连续不断地〞。8． B．rightC．absurd D．puzzling解析：选A句意：这个土方子竟然也包含了根底的生物化学原理，这挺酷的，不是吗？cool意为“特别好的，特殊棒的，绝妙的〞；right意为“对的，正确的〞；absurd意为“荒唐的，荒唐的，可笑的〞；puzzling意为“令人困惑的〞。9． B．stressfulC．painful D．regretful解析：选C句意：不过我是哈佛高校生物化学的博士，我现在知道了更好的、苦痛更少、危急更小的治疗方法。painful意为“苦痛的，苦痛的〞；powerful意为“强大的，强有力的〞；stressful意为“紧急的，有压力的〞；regretful意为“懊悔的，圆满的〞。10． B．receiveC．adopt D．adapt解析：选B句意：所以我忍不住问我自己，为什么那个时候我得不到这种治疗。receive意为“收到，得到，受到〞；accept意为“接受，同意，认可〞；adopt意为“实行，接受；收养，过继〞；adapt意为“适应；改编，改写〞。11． B．donationC．allocation D．distraction解析：选A句意：不过这个问题始终在我心头萦绕，我也时常会被科学学问分布的不均衡问题所困扰。distribution意为“分发，安排〞；donation意为“捐赠，赠送〞；allocation意为“配给，拨出〞；distraction意为“分心，留意力分散，精神不集中〞。12． B．absorbedC．successful D．careful解析：选C句意：尽管我们已经积累了大量的学问，但是我们还没有胜利地将这些学问部署到最需要的地方。successful意为“胜利的〞；involved意为“有关的，涉及的〞；absorbed意为“全神贯注的〞；careful意为“当心的，认真的〞。13． B．plentyC．absence D．lack解析：选D句意：我们常常看到这些因贫困、疾病以及资源匮乏导致的阻挡科学信息流通的问题。lack意为“缺少，缺乏，缺乏〞；separation意为“分开，别离〞；plenty意为“充裕，大量〞；absence意为“缺席，离开，不在〞。14． B．unwantedC．unexpected D．unnecessary解析：选A句意：现代社会里我们习以为常的那些救生学问在不兴旺地区还未普及。unavailable意为“得不到的，难以获得的〞；unwanted意为“不想要的，不需要的〞；unexpected意为“意外的，预料不到的〞；unnecessary意为“不必要的，不需要的〞。15． B．whereC．how D．why解析：选C句意：在哈佛学习期间，我知道了科学学问是如何用既简洁又深刻的方式关心其他人的。how意为“如何，怎么样〞；when意为“当……时候〞；where意为“在……地方〞；why意为“为什么〞。16． B．separatingC．splitting D．breaking解析：选B句意：当我意识到简洁的卫生措施例如将不同的动物隔离起来可以遏制这种疾病的传播，我可以把这些学问传递到我的村庄时，我的内心第一次有了一种作为将来科学家的使命感。separate意为“隔离，别离〞；divide意为“分割，分隔〞；split意为“裂开，碎裂〞；break意为“打破，摔碎〞。17． B．probablyC．preferably D．relatively解析：选B句意：在这个毕业日，我们或许都会畅想等待着我们的宏大宏图和冒险之旅。probably意为“可能，或许〞；skilfully意为“娴熟地，有技术地〞；preferably意为“更好地，更可取地〞；relatively意为“相对地，比拟而言地〞。18． B．recallsC．reminds D．refers解析：选C句意：我在这里的经受提示了我，对于讨论人员来说，将我们所会的学问传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要。remind意为“提示；回想起，回忆起〞；inform意为“通知，告知〞；recall意为“回想，回忆〞；refer意为“提到，涉及〞。19．danger B．inneedC．inorder D．inshape解析：选B句意：将我们所会的学问传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要。inneed意为“有需要的，危难中的，贫困的〞；indanger意为“危急的〞；inorder意为“按挨次，井然有序〞；inshape意为“健康的，状态良好〞。20．granted B．forexampleC．intoconsideration D．intopractice解析：选A句意：由于利用我们已经把握的科技学问，我们可能把我的家乡，还有千千万万类似的村庄变成一个我们每天习以为常的世界。takesth.forgranted意为“认为……是理所当然的〞；takesth.forexample意为“拿……举例〞；oconsideration意为“考虑到，把……考虑在内〞；opractice意为“把……付诸实施〞。Ⅳ.语法填空Summerisalmosthere,andtheweatherisheatingup.__1__youdrinkenoughwatereveryday?Manykidsdon’t,accordingtoanewstudy__2__(publish)intheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.EricaKenney,a__3__(science)atHarvardT．H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,originallyplannedtolookintotheamountofsugarydrinksthatkidswereconsuminginschools.However,__4__shewasdoingtheresearch,shenoticedthatmanykidswere__5__(simple)notdrinkingenoughwater.Kenneyandherteamexaminedfiguresfromagroupof4,000childrenagedfrom6to19,betweentheyearsof2009and2012.Whilelookingthroughthesurveyresults,she__6__(find)thatmorethanhalfofthekidsweredehydrated(脱水的)．Alack__7__watercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadaches,poorphysicalperformance,andevenmoreseriousproblems.Yourbodyneedsmorewaterwhenyouareinhotclimates,whenyouarephysicallyactive,andwhenyouhaveafever.Kenneysaid,“__8__isgoodnewsthatthispublichealthproblemhasasimplesolution.Ifwecanfocusonencouragingkids__9__(drink)morewater—alow­cost,sugar­freedrink—wecanimprovetheirdrinkinghabits,whichmayallowmanykidstofeel__10__(great)throughoutthedayanddobetterinschool.〞语篇解读：一项调查说明，很多在校的孩子没有喝足够的水，超过半数的孩子处于脱水状