河南省高三质量检测英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatdoesthewomandecidetodoonNewYear’sDay?A.Stayathome.B.Watchaperformance.C.Dosomeshopping.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthebank.B.Attheairport.C.Atthepolicestation.3.Whydothewoman’sparentsfeelunhappy?AShequarreledwiththem.B.Sheplayedoutsidealone.C.Shedidn’tdowellinatest.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Grandmaandgrandson.B.Newfriends.C.Cousins.5.Whendoesthemoviestart?A.At4:00pm.B.At5:00pm.C.At6:00pm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Findanewpart-timejob.B.Purchaseanewcomputer.C.Startabusinessinthemall.7.Whatisonthefourthfloor?A.Acomputerstore.B.Acandystore.C.Abookstore.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inauniversity.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.9.Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A.Canada.B.America.C.France.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthemanlikeabouttheoldmovies?A.Theplots.B.Thethemes.C.Thespecialeffects.11.Whichsuperherodoesthewomanconsiderthecoolest?A.IronMan.B.Batman.C.Spider-Man.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thehistoryofmovies.B.Charactersinpopularmovies.C.Oldmoviesandtoday’smovies.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthetraditionalwork-lifebalancelike?A.Peoplealwayshavetoworkovertime.B.Peopleenjoynon-workingactivitiesatwork.C.Peopleseparateworklivesfromprivatelives.14.Whatmightpeopledoafterworktraditionally?A.Takeupnewhobbies.B.Replytoworkemails.C.Workonadocument.15.Howdomobilephonesinfluencepeople’swork?A.Theyworkcompletelyonline.B.Theymayworkatanytime.C.Theycanavoidworkingathome.16.Whatadvantagedoesthemanthinkthenewworkingtrendhas?A.Highincomes.B.Lessworktime.C.Flexibleworkplaces.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Inwhichaspectdohomeschoolinganddistancelearningdiffergreatly?A.Thelearner.B.Theeducator.C.Thecoursecontent.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthomeschooling?A.Itisteacher-led.B.Itignoresemotion.C.Ithasnotimelimit.19.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Aparent.20.Whatshouldstudentsdoindistancelearning?A.Interactwiththeirteachers.B.Haveclassesintheevening.C.Finishtaskswithoutteachers’help.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANewScientistDiversityInternship(实习)Program2022Foundedin1956,NewScientististheworld’smostpopularweeklyscienceandtechnologymagazine.Themagazine’steamsinLondonandaroundtheworldcoverinternationalnewsfromascientificstandpointandaskthebiggest-picturequestionsaboutlife,theuniverse,andwhatitmeanstobehuman.We’reofferingalearninganddevelopmentopportunityopentoanyone.Successfulapplicantswillbegina6-monthinternshipinOctober.TheinternshipwillbebasedinourHighStreetKensingtonoffice,London.Internshippositions:twonewsinternsandonevideointern●Newsinternswillreceiveonetoconementoring(指导)fromanexperiencedjournalistandon-the-jobtraininginnewsandfeatureswriting,withyourworkpublishedbothonlineandinprint.●Ourvideointernwillbebasedinourvideoteam,You’lllearnhowtoproducescientificvideosfromideatopublication.You’llhavetheopportunitytocomewithusonshootsandbetrainedincamerawork.You’llalsoreceivetraininginnewswritingandsubediting(编辑校订).Entryrequirements:●Youwillhavecompletedascience,technology,engineering,mathematicsorcomputingdegreebythestartoftheinternship.●Youhaveademonstrableinterestinwriting,videoeditingorjournalism.Otherimportantinformation:●Pleasesubmit200wordsexplaininghowyoumeettheserequirements,whichinternshippositionyouareapplyingfor,andwhyyouaretherightpersonforthisinternship.●Pleasewriteanarticleonarecentscientificdiscovery,between500and800words(fornewsinternapplications)orcreatea2～3-minutevideoonascientifictopicthatinterestsyou(forvideointernapplications).PleasesendyourapplicationtoTashanChong-Kan-t,chongkan@dmgmedia.co.ukbeforeJuly12!1.Howwilltheinternsbenefitfromthepositions?A.Theywillchooseworkplacesatwill. B.Theywillbecomefamousonline.C.Theywillgetprofessionaltraining. D.Theywillleadanindependentteam.2.Whatisamustfortheinternship?A.Arelevanteducationalbackground. B.Richexperienceinvideoediting.C.Theabilitytoproducenewsvideos. D.Awiderangeofinterestsandhobbies.3.Whatdoyouhavetopreparetoapplyfortheinternshippositions?A.Aprintedworkinjournalism. B.Abriefpersonalstatement.C.Arecentscientificdiscovery. D.Ashortvideoaboutdailylife.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《新科学家》发布的招收实习生项目的相关内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Internshippositions部分“●Newsinternswillreceiveonetoconementoring(指导)fromanexperiencedjournalistandon-the-jobtraininginnewsandfeatureswriting,withyourworkpublishedbothonlineandinprint.(●新闻实习生将接受一名经验丰富的记者的一对一指导，并接受新闻和专题写作的在职培训，您的作品将在网上和印刷版上发表)”及“You’llalsoreceivetraininginnewswritingandsubediting(编辑校订).(你将有机会和我们一起拍摄并接受摄影训练。你还将接受新闻写作和编辑方面的培训)”可知，实习生将会受到专业的岗位培训。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Entryrequirements部分“Youwillhavecompletedascience,technology,engineering,mathematicsorcomputingdegreebythestartoftheinternship.(实习开始时，你将完成科学、技术、工程、数学或计算学位)”可知，实习生必须要拥有相关的教育背景。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Otherimportantinformation部分“Pleasesubmit200wordsexplaininghowyoumeettheserequirements,whichinternshippositionyouareapplyingfor,andwhyyouaretherightpersonforthisinternship.(请提交200字说明你如何满足这些要求，你申请的是哪个实习职位，以及为什么你是这个实习的合适人选)”可知，你在提出申请之前需准备一份简短的个人申请陈述。故选B。BTheemailsubjectlinecaughtmyattention:“StillinterestedintheCutlass?”Mom’scar.Myfingerpausedoverthecomputermouse.Mom’s1971greenCutlasscarwasatimelessbeauty.Myfavoritechildhoodmemorieswereofusridinginit.Momalwaysworeherbigsunglasses,withascarftiedcarefullyoverherheadtoprotecthersalon-styledhair.IfeltIwasridingwithaHollywoodstar.ThesememorieswereallIhadleftofMom.She’ddiedwhenIwasonly15.Manyofherthingsweregivenawayorsold.TheCutlasshadbeenboughtbyacollectorinMichigan.I’dconnectedwithhimyearsbefore,askingifhemightbeinterestedinselling.He’dpolitelydemurred.Still,Icouldn’tletgooftheideaofonedayowningit,especiallyafterIgotmarriedandbecameafather.Withmydaughter,Arden,now11andmyson,Hudson,now7.Iwishedmymomwastheretoseeusall.Itoldmykidsstoriesabouttheirgrandmother.Butastorywasn’tthesameasarealconnection.I’doftenimaginedthatarideinMom’scarwouldchangeallofthat.Nowherewasthisemail.Iopenedit.“Severalpeoplehaveaskedtopurchasethatclassiccar.”itread.“It’stimetosell,butIwantedtogiveyouthefirstoptiontobuyifyou’restillinterested,”“Absolutely!”Ityped.ThedaywhenIdrovetocheckonthecar,thecollectorpassedmeasmallbag.“Mom’ssunglasses!”IcriedasIopenedthebag.Finally,thecarwastransportedtomyhouse.Mywifetookpicturesofthe“firstride”asthekidsclimbedinandsatwhereIhadsatsomanyyearsagowithmymombehindthewheel.IbroughtMom’sglassesintothecarwithme.“CanIwearthem?”Ardenasked,asIstartedthecar.“Youbet,”Isaid.IknewMomlovedthat.4.Whatistheauthor’simpressionofhismom?A.Aggressive. B.Distant. C.Conservative. D.Fashionable.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demurred”inparagraph3probablymen?A.Appeared. B.Refused. C.Answered. D.Continued.6.Whydidthecollectorsendanemailtotheauthor?A.Tosellthecaratamuchhigherprice.B.Tosechisinterestinsellingantiques.C.Toofferhimanopportunitytogetthecar.D.Totellhimthepopularityofhismom’scar.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Asurprisingemail. B.Afamilyconnection.C.Achildhoodadventure. D.Ashoppingexperience.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了妈妈去世后，妈妈的车和与妈妈驱车兜风的经历成了作者为数不多的关于妈妈的回忆。成家后的作者渴望自己的家人能和妈妈有一种切实的连接，因此作者通过努力买回了妈妈的车，也重新建立起了自己渴望已久的家庭联系。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Momalwaysworeherbigsunglasses,withascarftiedcarefullyoverherheadtoprotecthersalon-styledhair.IfeltIwasridingwithaHollywoodstar.(妈妈总是戴着她的大墨镜，头上仔细地系着围巾，以保护她沙龙式的头发。我觉得我和好莱坞明星在一起)”可知，在作者的印象中，妈妈是十分时尚的。故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“I’dconnectedwithhimyearsbefore,askingifhemightbeinterestedinselling.He’dpolitelydemurred.(几年前我就和他联系过，问他是否有兴趣卖掉。他礼貌地demurred)”以及第四段“Still,Icouldn’tletgooftheideaofonedayowningit,especiallyafterIgotmarriedandbecameafather.(尽管如此，我还是不能放弃有一天拥有它的想法，尤其是在我结婚成为父亲之后)”可知，收藏家拒绝了作者买车的想法，划线单词表示“拒绝”，与refused同义。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theemailsubjectlinecaughtmyattention:“StillinterestedintheCutlass?”Mom’scar.(电子邮件主题行引起了我的注意：“还对Cutlass感兴趣吗？”)”以及第五段“Nowherewasthisemail.Iopenedit.“Severalpeoplehaveaskedtopurchasethatclassiccar.”itread.“It’stimetosell,butIwantedtogiveyouthefirstoptiontobuyifyou’restillinterested,”(就是这封电子邮件。我打开它，上面写着：“好几个人要求购买那辆经典汽车。”“是时候卖了，但我想给你第一个选择，如果你仍然感兴趣的话，”)”可知，收藏家给作者发电子邮件是为了询问作者是否依然想要买那辆车，如果是的话，作者可以拥有优先购买的机会。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Itoldmykidsstoriesabouttheirgrandmother.Butastorywasn’tthesameasarealconnection.I’doftenimaginedthatarideinMom’scarwouldchangeallofthat.(我给孩子们讲了他们祖母故事。但故事与真实的联系并不相同。我经常想象坐在妈妈的车里会改变这一切)”以及文章内容可知，本文将妈妈的车看作一种家庭连接，以妈妈的车为线索，讲述了作者为买回这辆车（即重新建立起家庭联系）所做的努力，所以本文主要讲的是家庭联系。故选B项。CMostfarmsarelocatedinruralareasandareirrigatedbyfreshwater.Now,astartupinScotlandisfarmingnearthecoastandusingseawatertogrowcrops.Usingthewateroftheoceanforirrigationcanbeagamechangerforahungryworld.Foodproductionneedstoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearstokeepupwithpopulationincreases.Freshwateronlymakesuptwopercentofallthewateroftheplanet,anditisgrowingscarcerinmanyplaceslikeScotlandduetoclimatechange.Now,SeawaterSolutions,aGlasgow-basednon-governmentalorganizationfoundedin2017,isusingsaltwaterinsteadoffreshwatertogrowcrops.Co-founderandCEOYanikNyberglivedandworkedinareasofAfricaandAsiathathavebeennegativelyimpactedbywaterscarcityandglobalwarming.SeawaterSolutionswascreatedtoaddresstheissuesofcoastalcommunitiesthatfacetheurgentconcernoflandsalinization(盐渍化),accordingtotheorganization’swebsite.Inaninterview,NybergtoldTheNationthathecameupwiththeideaofredevelopingdegradedfarmlandandturningitintoartificialwetlandecosystemsthatuseseawaterandgrowplantsthatcantoleratethesalt,“It’sarelativelysimpleconcept,”hesaid.“Seawaterisintroducedtocoastalfarmland,wherenaturallysalt-tolerantcropsaregrown.Thesecropsstoremassiveamountsofcarbonandareextremelynutritious,beingcalled‘superfoods’acrosstheworld.”Thenewfarmlandconsistsofartificialsaltwatermarshes(沼泽)thathaveseawaterpumpedoverthem.Thentheecosystemwillbeusedforsalineplants,whichcanbeusedforfood,biofuels,sea-plantanimalfoods,andasrawmaterialsforcosmetics.DownhillFarminAyrshire,ScotlanduseswaterfromtheAtlanticOceantogrowcrops.SeawaterSolutionsalsohasprojectsinGhana,Malawi,NamibiaandSpain,withmoreintheplanningstage.Whilegrowingcropsinseawaterisahardsell,itisanenvironmentallysoundwaytomeetthefooddemandsofagrowingworldpopulation.8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.PointingoutseriousfoodproblemsinScotland.B.Warningfarmersofthedecreaseofthefarmland.C.Analyzingtheconsequencesofpopulationincreases.D.Showingthenecessityofgrowingcropswithseawater.9.WhywasSeawaterSolutionsfounded?A.Toservethelocalgovernment. B.Todealwithlandsalinization.C.Toremovecoastalcommunities. D.Topurifyseawaterinsomeareas.10.Whatcanweknowabouttheplantsonthenewfarmland?A.Theyhaveawiderangeofuses. B.Theyarenutritiousbutexpensive.C.Theyproveunpopularintheworld. D.Theyaresalt-freeandhealthyfoods.11.HowdoestheauthorfindSeawaterSolution’sprojectinScotland?A.Itdeservescertainrecognition. B.Itdisturbsthewetlandecosystem.C.Itisinapplicabletootherplaces. D.Itiseasilyacceptableandadoptable.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大多数农场位于农村地区，用淡水灌溉。现在，苏格兰一家初创公司在海岸附近利用海水种植农作物。利用海水进行灌溉可能会给食物日渐匮乏的世界带来改变。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Foodproductionneedstoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearstokeepupwithpopulationincreases.Freshwateronlymakesuptwopercentofallthewateroftheplanet,anditisgrowingscarcerinmanyplaceslikeScotlandduetoclimatechange.”（未来30年，粮食产量需要增加70%，才能跟上人口增长的步伐。淡水只占地球上所有水的2%，由于气候变化，在苏格兰等许多地方，淡水越来越稀缺）可知，人口的增长迫切需要食物生产的增长，但是淡水占比很少而且日渐减少。又根据第一段中“Usingthewateroftheoceanforirrigationcanbeagamechangerforahungryworld.”（利用海水进行灌溉可以改变饥饿世界的游戏规则）可推断，第二段主要说明用海水种植农作物的必要性。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“SeawaterSolutionswascreatedtoaddresstheissuesofcoastalcommunitiesthatfacetheurgentconcernoflandsalinization,accordingtotheorganization’swebsite.”（根据该组织的网站，“海水解决方案”的创建是为了解决沿海社区面临的土地盐碱化的紧迫问题）可知，SeawaterSolutions的建立主要是为了应对盐渍化问题。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thenewfarmlandconsistsofartificialsaltwatermarshes(沼泽)thathaveseawaterpumpedoverthem.Thentheecosystemwillbeusedforsalineplants,whichcanbeusedforfood,biofuels,sea-plantanimalfoods,andasrawmaterialsforcosmetics.”（新的农田由人工咸水沼泽组成，海水在湿地上泵过。然后，这个生态系统将被用于盐植物，盐植物可以用作食物、生物燃料、海洋植物动物食品，还可以作为化妆品的原料）可知，用海水灌溉的新的农田中的植物用途广泛。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“DownhillFarminAyrshire,ScotlanduseswaterfromtheAtlanticOceantogrowcrops.”（苏格兰艾尔郡的下坡农场使用来自大西洋的水来种植作物）及“Whilegrowingcropsinseawaterisahardsell,itisanenvironmentallysoundwaytomeetthefooddemandsofagrowingworldpopulation.”（虽然在海水中种植作物很难推销，但这是一种环保的方式，可以满足不断增长的世界人口的粮食需求）可推断，作者认为SeawaterSolutions在苏格兰用海水种植农作物的这个项目是值得一定的认可的。故选A项。DUSscientistshavefoundthatthespiritofgivingmaystartalotearlierthanpreviouslythought.Thisfollowstheiramazingdiscoverythatevenhungrybabiesarewillingtogiveupatastysnacktohelpothers,spontaneously(自发地)sharingtheirfoodwithstrangersinneedfromtheageofaround19months.ResearchersattheUniversityofWashington’sInstituteforLearning&BrainSciencescarriedoutastudytoseeifinfants(幼儿)wouldhelpunknownadultsinteractingwiththembyshowingthemadelicious-lookingpieceoffruit.Andtheyalsowentfurther.Wouldtheseveryyoungkidsbewillingtogiveupthefoodtoothers,evenatacosttothemselves?“Wethinkaltruism(利他主义)isimportanttostudy.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetestedtherootsofthisininfants,”explainsRodolfoCortesBarraganoftheUniversityofWashingtonteam.Intheirfirstexperiment,whichinvolved48infantsthatwereonlyaround19monthsold,theresearchersbeganbyshowingeachchildapieceofchild-friendlyfruit.Theytheneitherthrewthefruitgentlyontothefloorwithintheinfants’reachwithoutshowinganyemotion,anddidn’ttrytogetitback,oralternatively,pretendedtoaccidentallydropthefruitontothefloorbeforereachingforitunsuccessfully.Theteamfoundthatthedisplayofreachingforthefruit,whichshowedtheadults’desireforit,couldgetahelpingresponseintheinfants,withoverhalfpickingituptogiveitbacktotheadults.Butonlyfourpercentdidthatwhentheadultshadbeenemotionless.Thesecondexperimentwastimedrightbeforetheirregularsnackstoensurethechildrenwerehungry.Butsurprisingly,theresultsalmostmirroredthoseofthefirstexperiment!Thesefindingsledtheteamtoconcludethatkidshaveatendencytospontaneouslyhelpstrangers.Theybelievedthatthisisn’tanabilitythat’slearned.However,theydidpointoutthatearlysocialexperiencescanshapealtruism.12.WhatdoesRodolfoCortesBarragantrytoexplain?A.Whyinfantsarechosenforresearch. B.Thedefinitionofthespiritofgiving.C.Theimportanceofbeingaltruistic. D.Howadultshelpeachother.13.Whatdidtheresearchersdototheinfantsinthefirstexperiment?A.Theykepttheminahungrystate. B.Theyfedthemwiththeirregularsnacks.C.Theyshowedattractivefruittothem. D.Theystoppedthemreachingforfruit.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph5referto?A.Showingastrongdesireforthefruit. B.Givingthefruittoemotionlessadults.C.Pickingupthefruitforthemselves. D.Helpingtheadultstogetthefruit.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AltruismProvesVitalforInfantsAsWell B.EarlySocialExperiencesShapeAltruismC.PeopleTendtoShareFoodWithStrangers D.AltruisticGivingMayStartinInfancy【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。实验研究表明，利他主义的给予可能开始于幼儿时期。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Wethinkaltruism(利他主义)isimportanttostudy.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetestedtherootsofthisininfants,”explainsRodolfoCortesBarraganoftheUniversityofWashingtonteam.（RodolfoCortesBarragan解释道：‘我们认为利他主义是很重要的，需要研究。我们成年人在看到其他人需要帮助时，会伸出援助之手，即使有时会需要付出一些代价。因此我们就在婴儿身上去寻找源头。’）”RodolfoCortesBarragan主要阐释了以幼儿为研究对象的原因，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Intheirfirstexperiment,whichinvolved48infantsthatwereonlyaround19monthsold,theresearchersbeganbyshowingeachchildapieceofchild-friendlyfruit.（在他们的首次实验中，他们将48个只有19个月大的婴儿作为实验对象。研究者开始给每个孩子展示一块适合儿童食用的水果。）”可知，研究人员们向幼儿们展示了诱人的水果，故选C。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章中划线词前“Theteamfoundthatthedisplayofreachingforthefruit,whichshowedtheadults’desireforit,couldgetahelpingresponseintheinfants,withoverhalfpickingituptogiveitbacktotheadults.（研究组发现，伸手拿水果的行为，显示了成年人对水果的渴望，可在婴儿身上得到帮助，超过一半的人会拿起水果还给成年人。）”可推知，此处的that指代前文的“giveitbacktotheadults.（拿起水果还给成年人。）”，也就是“帮助成年人拿到水果”，故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“USscientistshavefoundthatthespiritofgivingmaystartalotearlierthanpreviouslythought.（美国科学家发现，给予精神开始可能比之前想象的要早得多。）”最后一段“Thesefindingsledtheteamtoconcludethatkidshaveatendencytospontaneouslyhelpstrangers.（这些发现使研究小组得出结论，孩子有自发帮助陌生人的倾向）”可知，文章主要介绍了一个实验研究及其得出的结论——利他主义的给予可能开始于幼儿时期。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Obesity(肥胖症)isacomplicatedandharmfuldisease.Butchangesthatincludehealthyeatinghabits,regularexerciseandotherlifestyleadjustmentscanhelpfightagainstobesityandresultinabetterqualityoflife.___16___.1.Talktoyourdoctor___17___.Sometimespotentialfactors,suchasthyroid(conditionsorevenmeditationsyou’retaking,canbeatleastpartlyresponsibleforyourweightgainormakeithardertoloseweight.Yourdoctorcanexamineyouandthensuggestpropertreatment.Yourdoctorcanalsohelpyoutosetahealthyandrealisticweightgoalbasedonyourcurrentweight,medicalhistoryandotherfactors.2.SetsmallergoalsinthebeginningOnceyougetthegreenlighttopursueweightloss,setaninitialgoaltolose5to10percentofyourtotalweight.Thatmakesitagoodplacetostart.___18___,you’llwanttosetsmallergoalsalongthewaytokeepyoumotivatedandworkingtowardyourfinalgoalweight.3.___19___Eatfoodsfromallfoodgroups,butwatchtheamount.Eventoomuchofahealthyfoodcanslowdownyourprogressifyou’reeatingmorecaloriesthanyou’reburning.Avoidpackagedfoods,fortheyhavebeenlinkedtoweightgain.Havemealsmadeathomewithfreshandwholefoods.4.ExerciseforweightlossAdultsshoulddoatleast110minutesaweekofmoderate-intensitycardio(有氧运动)suchaswalkingandbiking,or75minutesaweekofhigh-intensitycardiolikerunning.Physicalactivityshouldbespreadoutthroughtheweek.___20___—thosenumbersaresomethingyoucanworktoward.Beingpatientwithyourselfiskey.A.Here’showtogetstartedB.AdjustyourdietforweightlossC.CutdowntheamountofthefoodyoueatD.BecauselosingweightwhenyouhaveobesityisamarathonE.Fortunately,youcanfurtherlearnaboutobesityinmanywaysF.Ifthatsoundslikealot,rememberthatyoudon’thavetogetthererightawayG.Beforestartinglosingweight,you’dbetterdiscussyoursituationswithaphysician【答案】16.A17.G18.D19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何对抗肥胖。【16题详解】空前说“Butchangesthatincludehealthyeatinghabits,regularexerciseandotherlifestyleadjustmentscanhelpfightagainstobesityandresultinabetterqualityoflife.(但是，包括健康的饮食习惯、规律的锻炼和其他生活方式的调整可以帮助对抗肥胖，从而获得更好的生活质量。)”以及下文的各个小标题是建议可知，接下来要讲如何对抗肥胖，A选项“Here’showtogetstarted(下面是如何开始)”引出了下文的几条建议，因此A选项引起下文，符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】本段小标题是“Talktoyourdoctor(和你的医生谈谈)”，G选项“Beforestartinglosingweight,you’dbetterdiscussyoursituationswithaphysician(在开始减肥之前，你最好和医生讨论一下你的情况)”说明了要和医生谈谈，和小标题内容吻合，因此G选项引起下文，符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】空后说“you’llwanttosetsmallergoalsalongthewaytokeepyoumotivatedandworkingtowardyourfinalgoalweight(你会想要在这个过程中设定一个小的目标，以保持你的动力，并朝着你的最终目标体重努力)”，说明减肥所需的时间比较长，D选项“Becauselosingweightwhenyouhaveobesityisamarathon(因为当你肥胖的时候减肥是一场马拉松)”说明了减肥需要很长的时间，因此才需要设定目标后去努力朝目标进发，因此D选项引起下文，符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】空格处是本段的小标题，根据空格下方的“Avoidpackagedfoods,fortheyhavebeenlinkedtoweightgain.Havemealsmadeathomewithfreshandwholefoods.(避免包装食品，因为它们与体重增加有关。在家里用新鲜和天然的食物做饭。)”可知，要调整你的饮食，B选项“Adjustyourdietforweightloss(为减肥调整你的饮食)”概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选B。【20题详解】空前说“Adultsshoulddoatleast110minutesaweekofmoderate-intensitycardio(有氧运动),suchaswalkingandbiking,or75minutesaweekofhigh-intensitycardiolikerunning.Physicalactivityshouldbespreadoutthroughtheweek.(成年人每周至少应该做110分钟中等强度的有氧运动，比如散步和骑自行车，或者每周做75分钟高强度的有氧运动，比如跑步。体育活动应该在一周中分散进行。)”，空后说“thosenumbersaresomethingyoucanworktoward.Beingpatientwithyourselfiskey(这些数字是你可以为之努力的。对自己有耐心是关键。)”，也就是说不必强求自己一定要立刻达到空前所说的运动量，F选项“Ifthatsoundslikealot,rememberthatyoudon’thavetogetthererightaway(如果这听起来很多，记住你不需要马上实现目标)”，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therearetimesinlifewhenwedon’thavetheenergyorfaithtosolveourproblems.Wecan’tfindthewayto____21____.That’swhenourfriends____22____us.Whenweareweak,theybecomeour____23____.Whenweare____24____,theyliftusup.Friendsremindusthroughtheiractionsthatwearenot____25____—theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.Evenwhensomefriendsdon’tknowhowtohelp,they____26____tobethereforus.AuthorParkerJ.Palmerinhisbook,LetYourLifeSpeak,sharesaboutthetimehewas____27____depressionathome.Herecallsthatsomepeoplewhovisitedhimtriedto____28____himup.Theysaid,“It’sabeautifulday.Whydon’tyougooutandtakeawalk?”Althoughheunderstoodtheir____29____,itmadehimmoredepressed.Othersremindedhimthathewasateacherandwriterwhohad_____30_____manypeople.Theysaid,“Trytorememberallthegoodyou’vedoneandsurelyyou’llfeelbetter.”That_____31_____,too,lefthimdepressed.ThenonefriendnamedBillaskedParker’spermissiontodropbyhis_____32_____intheafternoons.BillwouldsitParkerinthechair,_____33_____hisshoesandsocksandforhalfanhour,massage(按摩)hisfeet.BillfoundtheonlyplaceinParker’sbodywherehecouldstillexperience_____34_____andreconnectwiththehumanrace.Billwould_____35_____dothatandalmostsay_____36_____.Whenhetalkedoccasionally,hewouldnot_____37_____anysuggestionbutmirrorParker’sfeelings.Thatsimpleactof_____38_____waswhathelpedParker_____39_____hisdarktime.Wearethankfultothefriendswhostandbyusinuncomplicatedways.Andwearethankfulfortheopportunitytobetheoneswhoare_____40_____forourfriendswhentheyareinneed.21.A.fallbehind B.growup C.dropby D.pushahead22.A.copy B.need C.beat D.carry23.A.competition B.factor C.strength D.barrier24.A.up B.in C.down D.out25.A.alone B.awake C.alive D.asleep26.A.choose B.pretend C.decline D.fail27.A.spreading B.battling C.studying D.explaining28.A.give B.cheer C.bring D.cut29.A.intention B.excuse C.routine D.debate30.A.challenged B.helped C.remembered D.encountered31.A.promise B.agreement C.advice D.reward32.A.classroom B.house C.agency D.hospital33.A.remove B.repair C.make D.sell34.A.memories B.feelings C.topics D.pains35.A.suddenly B.eventually C.hardly D.simply36.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything37.A.take B.hear C.offer D.assess38.A.adventure B.teaching C.praise D.care39.A.sortout B.keeptrackof C.getthrough D.makeuseof40.A.curious B.honest C.silent D.present【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.B29.A30.B31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D36.A37.C38.D39.C40.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文以一位作家Parker和其朋友Bill之间的故事为例证，告诉我们，当我们无力前行的时候，朋友总会支持和帮助我们。朋友总会用行动告诉我们，我们并不孤单。也许有时候朋友不知道如何帮忙，但是他们会坚持陪伴着我们。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们找不到前进的方法。A.fallbehind倒退；B.growup长大；C.dropby顺道拜访；D.pushahead前进，推动。根据上文“Therearetimesinlifewhenwedon’thavetheenergyorfaithtosolveourproblems.”可知，作者的意思是我们不知道怎么解决问题之后继续前进。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，我们的朋友会支撑着我们。A.copy拷贝；B.need需求；C.beat打败；D.carry支持。根据下文“Whenweareweak,theybecomeour____3____.Whenweare____4____,theyliftusup.Friendsremindusthroughtheiractionsthatwearenot____5____—theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，当我们遇到困难时，总会有朋友们在身边支持我们。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们软弱时，他们就会成为我们的力量。A.competition竞争；B.factor因素；C.strength力量；D.barrier障碍。根据下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，当我们软弱时，朋友就会成为我们的力量。故选C。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们跌倒时，他们会把我们扶起来。A.up向上；B.in在……里面；C.down向下；D.out在外面。根据下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfortus.”可知，当我们跌倒时，朋友会把我们扶起来。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：朋友通过他们的行动提醒我们，我们并不孤单。A.alone独自的；孤独的；B.awake醒着的；C.alive活着的；D.asleep睡着的。根据下文“theystandwith,prayforandcomfort