英语B级考试语法

Vocabulary&

Structure

2021/5/91被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动）许多人学英语。2021/5/92B级考试中常考：被动语态一般现在时：be（am,is,are)+过去分词一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：Will+be+过去分词现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：Can/should/must/could/may+be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：Tobe+过去分词2021/5/93Historyismadebythepeople.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture.Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool.Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.2021/5/94牛刀小试1.Shedidn’treceivedtheapplicationform;it_____tothewrongaddress.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsent2.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Idon’tlike______inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating3.Ifeelit’sagreathonorforme______tothisparty.toinvitedB.inviteC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention____tothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidD.willhavepaid.2021/5/951.Thefinaldecision(make)_____bytheteamleaderearlynextweek.2.Wecanarrangeforyourcarto(repair)______withinareasonableperiodoftime.3.Allvisitorstothelab(expect)______totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.4.Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem(solve)_____atyesterday’smeeting.5.Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill(deliver)______toyoutomorrow.2021/5/966.Thispicture(take)______byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth.7.Yesterday,thesecretary(give)______thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting.8.Thenewmachineoughtto(test)____beforeitisputtouse.9.Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwill(fine)______$50.2021/5/97虚拟语气subjectivemood

表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。Weonlywishwecouldhelp.

我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望）Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.

假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。

（表假想）Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.

他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议)2021/5/98条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwouldhewould +动词原形theywould与过去事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I（we）shouldyouwould+havehewould +过去分词theywould与将来事实可能相反If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I（we）shouldyouwould+动词原形hewould theywould2021/5/99与现在事实相反

IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。与过去事实相反

Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。与将来事实可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。

2021/5/910虚拟语气的其他用法用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在Itis（was)important(suggested,requested...)that...句型中Itisimportantthatweshouldspeak

politely.

我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句“musthavedone”表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测

2021/5/911三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。2021/5/9121.Ican’tfindthekeytomyoffice,I____havelostitonmywayhome.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.oughtto2.IfI_____thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldn’thavebeenworriedaboutit.KnowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown3.IfIhadn’tattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,I_____toseeyou.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeD.hadcome4.Ifyouhadenoughmoney，what________？

A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought2021/5/9135.

Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________，shewouldhavemetmybrother.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome1.ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary(start)_____thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2.Iftheengineer(come)_____hereyesterday,theproblemwouldhavebeensolved.3.Wedemandthatthetourguide(tell)____usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule.2021/5/914非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词。1.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.听到你的声音真高兴。2.Readingbooksmakesonewise.读书使人明智。3.ThisisabookwrittenbyBalzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。2021/5/915Itisquitedifficultforme(decide)_____whoshouldbegiventhejob.带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.It’s+adjforsb.todosth.2021/5/916固定搭配1.Noreaderisallowed(take)_____anyreferencebookoutofthereading-room.2.Iwant(pointout)______thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce.3.Ifyourcreditisgood,youwillbeallowed(use)______thecreditcard.4.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)______longer.2021/5/917分词作状语Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen_____adecisionaboutbuyingahouse.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.makingMake和逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try)_____topersuadehimtochangehismind.现在分词作目的状语，逻辑主语必须与主句相同。2021/5/9181.Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout_____acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Before_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapply3.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_____,peoplehavetopaymorefordrivingacar.togoupB.goingupC.goneupD.goup4.Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen______tobuyahouse.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplanned5.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin______thenewproduct.A.developB.todevelopingC.developedD.developing

2021/5/9191.ThankyouforyourletterofApril15,(tell)_____usaboutMr.JohnBrown’svisittoourcompanyonMay10.2.Wearelookingforwardto(work)______withyouinthefuture.3.Thatnewfilmisworth(see)_____forthesecondtime.4.Nowmanyyoungpeoplespendseveralhoursaday(talk)_____onamobilephone.5.Ittookmeseveralweekstogetusedto(drive)______ontheleftsideoftheroadinLondon.2021/5/920短语的理解1.Thedepartmentmanager_____anewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.goton2.Peterwill_____thejobasSaleManagerwhenJohnretires.PutawayB.takeoverC.workoutD.makeup3.Therewasaheavyfogthismorning,sononeoftheplanescould________.A.GetthroughB.takeoffC.pulloutD.breakaway2021/5/9214.Please_____yourreportcarefullybeforeyouhanditintome.turntoB.bringaboutC.gooverD.putup5.______yournameandjobtitle,thebusinesscardshouldalsoincludeyourtelephonenumberandaddress.AsfarasB.InadditiontoC.InspiteofD.Asaresultof6.Ifthemachineshould_____,callthisnumberimmediately.breakdownB.setoutC.putonD.goup2021/5/9227.Ifyouwanttojointheclub,you’llhaveto_____thisformfirst.putupB.tryoutC.fillinD.setup8.Theyhadtogiveupheplanbecausetheyhad______euptoB.gotalongwithC.runoutofD.takenchargeof9.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin___thenewproduct.setupB.breakupC.getupD.turnup10.Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutit_____tobequitedifficult.A.brokeoutB.turnedoutC.workedoutD.setout2021/5/92311.I_____theformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing.ranintoB.tookawayC.putonD.shutdown12.You’dbetter_____advicebeforemakingaprojectplan.putdownB.takeinC.turnoutDaskfor13.WhiletravelinginFrance,he___someeverydayEnglish.gaveupB.pickedupC.drewupD.gotup14.We’regoingto_____thetaskthatwehaven’tfinished.takeawayB.carryonC.getontoD.keepoff15.Time______veryfastandanewyearwillbeginsoon.A.takenoffB.goesbyC.pullsupD.getsalong2021/5/924连词连词是虚词，起着连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用，连词包括并列连词和从属连词。并列连词

从属连词2021/5/925并列连词

表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas等表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but,yet等表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for,so等2021/5/926从属连词

从属连词是引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。3).if/whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。2.引导状语从句的连词1).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,assoonas(主将从现),since.(主句一般用现在完成时）2).条件状语从句：if,unless3).原因状语从句：because4).方式状语从句：than5).结果状语从句：so…that…,such…that…6).让步状语从句：though/although7).目的状语从句：sothat2021/5/9271.______shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,she’salreadybeenpromotedtwice.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.When2.Ithasbeenquitealongtime____thetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship.AlthoughB.becauseC.ifD.since3._______therainstopsbefore12o’clock,wewillhavetocancelthegame.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless4.Lisawasbusytakingnotes______MarkwassearchingtheInternetfortheinformation.untilB.unlessC.whileD.if5.______hislectureisshort,itgivesusaclearpictureofthenewprogram.A.IfB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When2021/5/928动词（一）MindmentionthanktravelstartwritePreparesendtypevisitshowenjoycostContactsmokeapplyjoincancelturnExpectallowpromisebecomeimprove2021/5/929

（二）

arriveawareuseacceptattendkillsucceedstopintroducediscusspromotePointsolveinvitesaveprovide2021/5/930

（三）

RememberforgetrequirepracticeFailexplaincreatebuildspendsharestayfillsetcommunicateunderstandearndealpushpickenterdecreasedecide2021/5/931

（四）

recommendaffecttreatincreasehelppaybookchooseservedevelopchangefinishdeleteapologizecheckraisecarrybeat2021/5/9321.Pleasekeepadetailed______oftheworkthatyouhavedone.paperB.ideaC.exerciseD.record2.Softdrinksalesinthiscityhave_____by8%comparedwithlastyear.pickedB.movedC.increasedD.pushed3.Jackcalledtheairlineto_____hisflighttoBeijingthismorning.improveB.believeC.confirmD.insure4.Inhisreportoftheaccidenthe____someimportantdetails.A.missedB.wastedC.escapedD.failed2021/5/9335.Don’t_____metohelpyouifyouarenotworkinghard.guessB.speakC.planD.expect6.I’msorry,butIhaveaquestionto____you.treatB.influenceC.askD.change7.Myimpressionoftheserviceinthehotelwasthatithadreally_______.improvedB.impliedC.importedD.imagined8.Howmuchdoesit____totaketheonlinetrainingcourse?costB.giveC.payD.spend9.Wehaven’tenoughroomsforeveryone,sosomeofyouwillhaveto_____aroom.A.shareB.stayC.spareD.live2021/5/934形容词与副词一、形容词的比较级和最高级二、副词的比较级和最高级三、形容词修饰名词四、副词修饰动词、形容词2021/5/9351.Ofallthehotelsinthecity,thisoneisthe(good)_____.2.Thisquestionis(difficult)______thantheoneIhaveanswered.3..The(last)____modeloftheracingcarwillbeondisplayattheexhibitionthisweek.4.Thefilmturnedouttobe(successful)_______thanwehadexpected.5.Itisafactthattraditionalmealsare(healthy)________thanf