高二英语人教版必修八讲义UNIT5SECTIONⅡ

Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Primitive(原始的)manmadehimselftoolsfromsharpstonesandanimalbones.2．Youngchildrenhaveaparticularlyacute(敏锐的)senseofsmell.3．Theresultsofthissurveycanbedividedintothreemaincategories(种类)．4．Itisreportedthatmorethan7,000quilts(被子)and150tentshavebeendistributedtothevictimsoftheearthquake.5．Thelioniscalledthekingof_beasts_(野兽)．6．Therewasample(足够的)evidencethatthelawyerknewexactlywhatshewasdoing.7．Apartfromwhatyouhavementionedabove,doyouhaveanyalternative(供选择的)suggestions?8．Ihavemadetentative(不确定的)planstotakeatriptoSeattleinJuly.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．starvationn．挨饿；饿死→starvevi.挨饿；饿死2．accuracyn．精确；精确?????→accurateadj.精确?????的；精确的3．sharpadj.锐利的→sharpenvi.&vt.(使)锐利→sharpenern．磨具；削具4．messyadj.凌乱的；脏的→messn．凌乱；脏5．analysisn．分析→analysespl.→analysevt.分析6．ripeadj.成熟的→ripenvt.&vi.(使)成熟7．interruptvt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；临时中断或中止→interruptionn．中断；打断[巧记单词]例词规律派生词interruptionv.＋­ion→n.sharpenadj.＋­en→v.messyn.＋­y→adj.Ⅲ.补全短语1．pare...with...把……和……相比拟2．showsb.around领某人参观3．regardlessof不管；不顾4．atmost至多；最多5．keepout阻挡……进入6．cutup切碎7．beawareof知道8．etoaconclusion得出结论9．differfrom不同于1．[教材原句]ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology.很快乐见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感爱好的同学。[句型点拨]当用it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing形式或主语从句。[佳句赏析]Itisagreatpleasuretogiveyousomesuggestionsofchoosingyourmajor.很快乐能就专业选择方面给你提一些建议。2．[教材原句]Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们始终在挖掘一层层的灰烬，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。[句型点拨]“keep＋复合宾语〞结构。[佳句赏析]Thenoisefromtheirpartykeptmeawakeforalongtime.他们开晚会的吵闹声让我很长时间没睡着。3．[教材原句]Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告知我们的，这里四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。[句型点拨]as引导的是非限制性定语从句，译作“正如……那样〞。[佳句赏析](全国卷Ⅰ)“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，〞astheoldsayinggoes.正如古训所说，“人不行貌相，海水不行斗量〞。1．Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday?(P37)你能想到可供我们今日利用的方法吗？★alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象①(2017·江苏高考)Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butalternativeexplanationsarehardtofind.恐龙的消逝不肯定是由天文学大事导致的。但是其他的解释也很难找到。(1)havethealternativeofdoing...有做……的选择havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事there'snoalternative...……别无选择analternativeto...……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv.可供选择地②Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhave_the_alternative_of_bringingyourown.要是你不喜爱学校的午餐，你可以选择自己带饭。③Thereweresomanycarsheldupbytheheavyrainontheroadthatwehadnoalternativebutto_wait(wait)．路上被大雨堵的车太多了，我们别无选择只好等待。[联想]表示“别无选择只好做……〞的其他表达形式：①havenochoicebuttodosth.②candonothingbutdosth.2．I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?(P38)对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？★interruptvt.……讲话；打岔；临时中断或中止①WillyoustopinterruptingmewhenI'mtalking?当我正在讲话时你能不打断我吗？(1)interruptsb./sth.(withsth.)(因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruptionn.打搅；插嘴；打岔；阻断物withoutinterruption连续地；不断地②Itisnotpolitetointerruptaspeakerwithfrequentquestions.不断提问，打断演讲者是不礼貌的。③Let'sgosomewherewherewecantalkwithout_interruption.我们去找个说话不受打搅的地方吧。3．Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.(P38)因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷，就住在这些地窖里。★assumevt.假定；设想(1)assumethat...设想/认为……assumesb./sth.tobe...认为某人/某物是……Itisgenerallyassumedthat...人们普遍认为……(2)assuming(that)...假设/假定……(3)assumptionn.假定，设想①Ithinkwecansafelyassumethatthissituationwillcontinue.我想我们可以有把握地认为这种状况将持续下去。②It_is_generally_assumed_thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.人们普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。③Assuming(assume)(that)itrainsthisafternoon,whatshallwedo?假设今日下午下雨，我们该怎么办？[联想]assuming(that)...用于引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句的引导词还有：①if假设②unless除非③so/as_long_as只要④in_case万一⑤on_condition_that条件是⑥supposing/supposethat假设；假设⑦provided/providingthat假设⑧giventhat假设★regardlessof不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)④Thequalitiesthatboysandgirlsconsiderimportantinafriendseemtobethesame,regardlessofthebasisofthesefriendships.不管友情的根底是什么，男孩和女孩所看重的伴侣身上的品质好像是一样的。[辨析]regardlessof强调“不认为……重要〞，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接名词、代词或whether,what引导的从句despite/inspiteof意为“尽管……但是……〞，其后一般不接从句，但可以接thefactthat...⑤Hewentaheadanddidit,regardless_oftheconsequences.他说干就干了，没有考虑后果。⑥Despite/In_spite_ofthehighmountainsandthickforests,thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccidentfortherescue.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是快速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。[联想]表让步意义的连词类：although,though,as作“虽然，尽管〞讲，引导让步状语从句。although引导让步状语从句不倒装；as引导让步状语从句要倒装；though引导让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。4．Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.(P38)我们始终在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。★keptthefireburning是“keep＋复合宾语〞结构，构成形式为：keep＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv./介词短语,现在分词表示主动、进行,过去分词表示被动))①Healwayskeepshisbooksingoodorder.他总是把书放得整整齐齐。②Keepyourmouthshutandyour_eyes_open.少说话，多观看。③Wecannotkeep_the_door_closedtotheoutsideworld.我们不能闭关自守。5．Itseemsthattheyusedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin.(P38)看样子他们用锋利的石器切割动物，把他们的皮剥下来。★sharpenv．(使)锐利；锋利；清楚；加剧①Aknifeissharpenedonthegrindstone;steelistemperedinfire.刀在石上磨，钢在火中炼。②Theoutlinesofthetreessharpenedasitgrewlighter.随着天色转亮，树的轮廓变得清楚了。sharpadj.锐利的；机敏的；尖刻的；严峻的sharplyadv.准时地；整点；突然地；急剧地③Thefamouswriterisstillsharp_in_thoughtthoughhehasattainedtheageofninety­two.这位闻名作家虽已九十二岁高龄，但仍旧思维灵敏。④Atnight,thetemperaturewoulddropsharply(sharp)．在夜间，气温将急剧下降。[拓展]sharpen是形容词sharp加后缀­en构成的动词，类似的变化形式常见的还有：形容词动词词义weakweaken变弱；变衰弱softsoften使……软化thickthicken使……变厚shortshorten使……变短deepdeepen加深；深化hardharden使……变硬looseloosen放松；解开quickquicken加快；刺激roughroughen变粗糙lightlighten减轻★cutup切碎；使难过⑤Thepieceofclothwillcutupintothreesuits.这块布可以裁成三套衣服。cutdown砍倒；削减；削减cutacross抄近路穿过cutoff切掉；切断cutthrough刺穿；剪断cutin插嘴；突然插入；超车cutout切掉；删掉；裁下⑥Itisimpoliteforchildrento_cut_inwhentheirseniorsaretalking.孩子们在长辈谈话时插嘴讲话是不礼貌的。⑦Ifyoushouldbefired,yourhealthandpensionbenefitswillnotbeautomaticallycut__off.假设你被解雇，你的医疗和养老保险金不会自动中断。6．Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.(P39)是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告知我们的，这里四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。★此句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，译作“正如……那样〞。as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比拟敏捷，除了常置于句首外，还可以位于句中或句末。①Aswehadexpected,theplanworkedoutverywell.正如我们预料的，这个方案运行得特别好。②She,as_we_all_know,_canspeakthreeforeignlanguages.正如我们都知道的那样，她会说三种外语。③Hewasn'tunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以推断出来。[辨析]as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区分：as①在从句中通常指代整个主句；②表示的意思是正如，正像；③其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在句中或主句之后which①关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物或整个句子；②其引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions(interrupt)areoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.2．Assuming(assume)thattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillhaveagoodharvest.3．Itisawasteofmoney_buying(buy)suchproductstoloseweight.4．Motherkeptmestudying(study)duringthesummerholiday.5．Thestrangerhadnoalternativebutto_adapt(adapt)himselftothenewsurroundings.6．Asweallknow,ChinastillbelongstotheThirdWorld.7．Afterthebigearthquake,thewaterandelectricitysupplywascutoff.Ⅱ.句型转换1．Ifyoutakeonthetask,you'llhavenochoicebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.→Ifyoutakeonthetask,you'llhavenoalternativebuttomeetanevengreaterchallenge.2．ThePresidentcontinuedhisvisittoAsiancountriesoverlookingthethreatsfromtheterroristgroup.→ThePresidentcontinuedhisvisittoAsiancountriesregardlessofthethreatsfromtheterroristgroup.3．Therearenotmorethantenstudentsintheclassroomat6：00pm.→Thereareatmosttenstudentsintheclassroomat6：00pm.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Hewenttotherescueofadrowningchildregardless_of_his_personal_safety.他把个人安危置之度外去救一个溺水儿童。2．Theworkwillbepletedinfourhoursat_most.这项工作将至多在四小时内完成。3．Shewasprettycut_upabouttheirleaving.他们这一走使她难过极了。4．It_is_a_great_honortohavesuchadevotedfriend.拥有这样一个忠诚的伴侣很荣幸。5．Weare_all_aware_thateveryonehasarighttolivealifethattheydesire.我们都明白每个人都有过自己想要的生活的权利。6．It_was_in_the_classroom_thatwefirstmettheinterestingprofessor.是在教室里我们第一次遇到那位有意思的教授。Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空AgroupofstudentsfromEnglandhasetotheZhoukoudianCaveforavisit.Anarchaeologistisshowingthem1.around.Thearchaeologists2.have_been_excavating(excavate)hereformanyyears.Afterfindinghumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandornaments,theythinkitreasonable3.to_assume(assume)someoftheearliestpeoplelivedinthesecaves,regardless4.ofthecold.Theydiscoveredfireplacesinthecenterofthecaves5.Someevidencesuggeststhatourancestorsdidwearclothes6.made(make)fromanimalskins.Thearchaeologistalsoshowsthestudentsaprimitivenecklace7.preserved(preserve)quitewell.Indeed,8.asthebotanicalanalysishasbeen9.specially(special)showingus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeopleortheytraveledtotheseasideontheir10.journeys(journey)．[对应同学课下力量提升(十八)]Ⅰ.依据提示写出单词的正确形式1．Thegovernmenthastakententative(摸索性的)stepstowardssolvingthecountry'seconomicproblems.2．Thetableswereorganisedintosixdifferentcategories(种类)．3．Thedesignofthegroundfloorcreatedample(大量的)spaceforagood­sizedkitchen.4．Asmyfatheroftensays,theanalysis(分析)ofaproblemisthestartingpointforitssolution.5．Sorry!Mybedroomissomessy(凌乱的)becauseIhaven'thadtimetoclearup.6．Assuming(assume)youhaveachancetogoabroad,whatwouldyoudo?7．Nothavingenoughtoeat,manypeoplediedfromstarvation(starve)inthesearchforthenewland.8．Ihatetointerrupt(interruption)yourintimateconversationbutwedohaveanassignmenttodiscuss.9．It'simpossibletopredicttheweatherwithgreataccuracy(accurate)．10．(2017·江苏高考)Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpsharpen(sharp)youryearahead.Ⅱ.选词填空keep...out，show...around，cutup，regardlessof，aswellas，differfrom，beawareof，atmost1．Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,regardless_ofrace,religion,orsex.2．Cut_upthemeatbeforeyouputthemintothepot.3．Oneofyourclassmateswillshowyouaroundthecampusthisafternoon.4．Pleasekeepthedogoutoftheroom.It'stoodirtyandnoisy.5．Bepatient!Thewholeprocesswilltakehalfanhourat_most.6．Youmustbe_aware_ofthefactthatitisofgreatimportancetolearn.7．Theexpectationsandpressuresonathletesdiffer_fromschooltoschoolandsporttosport.8．Weshouldbelieveinourselvesandmakegreateffortstostruggleforsuccessas_well_aswealth.Ⅲ.完成句子1．TheUnitedNationssaidtherearecrediblereportsofpeopledying_of_starvation.联合国称有关于人们死于饥饿的牢靠报道。2．Ihave_no_alternative_buttoaccepthissuggestion.我别无选择只能接受他的建议。3．It_is_generally_assumed_thathardworkleadstosuccess.一般认为，努力带来胜利。4．As_is_known_to_all,heisthebesttennisplayerintheworld.众所周知，他是世界上最好的网球运发动。5．Weshouldkeep_the_water_runningincasethepipesfreeze.我们应当保持水的流淌，以免管道上冻。Ⅳ.阅读理解ASpoiledforchoice?That'slikelyhowyou'llfeelafterameredayinAthens.Thesecretisinnottryingtodoeverything.Instead,takeinacoupleofthetouristhighlightsandthengetafeelforthisattractivecapital.AnancientsightTheAcropolis(卫城)alwaysesoutatthetopofthelistofthingstoseeinAthens.Themostfamousofthewesternworld'sancientsightscontinuetoimpresstouristsastheyclimbthemarblestepsandstandbeforethegracefulParthenon.Viewsfromuphereareamazing.AslowwanderPlakaisthecity'soldestneighborhood,restingontheslopesoftheAcropoliswithcafsandfascinatingarchitecture.Thestreetsareperfectforgettinglostin,givingwanderersthechancetodiscovercafsandbarswheretheycandownsomestrongcoffeeamonglocals.Plakaisatitsbestintheearlyevening.AcropolisHousePensionisapreserved19th­centuryhousethatgivesguestsaglimpseintoaGreekhome.AmarketsceneVarvakiosAgoraisAthens'centralmarket.LocalseheretoshopandlookforeverythingneededinaGreekkitchen—fromoliveoiltomeat.ThisisalookatlocallifeaswellasawindowintoGreekcuisine.Themeatmarketisalsohometosomeofthecity'sbestpubs,feedingtraditionalfoodtocrowdsofcustomersfromallwalksofsociety.AsplashofnightlifeAtheniannightsarefilledwithmusic,dancinganddining.PerivoliTouOuranouisaclubwithastrongatmosphere.Filledwiththesoundsofviolinsandguitarspeltingouttraditionalblues­likemusic,it'ssadbutalsobeautifulandlively.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你想去雅典一饱眼福吗？雅典古城富有魅力的景点会让你流连忘返，一起来看看这里的美景介绍吧。1．WhichofthefollowingisthebesttimetovisitPlaka?A．8：00. B．12：00.C．18：00. D．22：00.解析：选C细节理解题。依据Aslowwander中的“Plakaisatitsbestintheearlyevening.〞可知，C项正确。2．VarvakiosAgoraseemsmoreattractivetoaforeignerwho________.A．wantstotryAthenianfoodB．isinterestedinthehistoryofAthensC．likestakingphotosofancientbuildingsD．hopestobuysomesouvenirsforhisfriends解析：选A细节理解题。依据Amarketscene中的内容可知，VarvakiosAgora是雅典的中心市场，来自各行各业的人都能吃到传统的食物。故A项正确。3．IfyouwanttogetafeelfortraditionalGreekmusic,youcangoto________.A．Parthenon B．PlakaC．VarvakiosAgora D．PerivoliTouOuranou解析：选D细节理解题。依据Asplashofnightlife中的介绍可知，PerivoliTouOuranou是一个富有音乐情调的俱乐部，在这里可以观赏到由吉他、小提琴演奏出的传统音乐。故D项正确。BNooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock‘n’roll.Long­agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthemacrossthesand,thescientistssay.“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible，〞physicistDanielBonnsaid.PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobviousanswer.Onaverage，eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricated_the_pathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsoffat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid,“Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.Ithought,‘Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthethings？’〞Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare〞．Sohetriedit.Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa30­kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturnedtheblockintosomewhatawheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldeasilyrolltheblockalongdifferentkindsofpaths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforceasmovingitalongaslippery(滑的)path.Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks,buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast,workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。古埃及人如何搬运巨石建筑金字塔始终是一个谜，不过一项新讨论说明，他们有可能是通过在巨石四周捆绑木棒，使其滚动运行这一更加省力的方法来搬运巨石的。4．It'swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby________.A．rollingthemonroadsB．pushingthemoverthesandC．slidingthemonsmoothpathsD．draggingthemonsomepoles解析：选C细节理解题。依据第四段第一句“ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.〞可知，人们普遍接受的观点是埃及人是在光滑的道路上滑动石块的，应选C项。5．Theunderlinedpart“lubricatedthepaths〞inParagraph4means________.A．madethepathswetB．madethepathshardC．madethepathswideD．madethepathsslippery解析：选D词义猜想题。由该词组所在句子的后半局部“eitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle〞可推知，他们使用湿的黏土或牛的脂肪使道路变得光滑，这样才能更轻松地移动石块。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞inParagraph7referto?A．Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.B．Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.C．Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.D．Rollingtheblockswithfat.解析：选A代词指代题。依据“Sohetriedit.〞中的So一词可推断，it指代的内容应当在第六段。由文章第六段中的“Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides...makeablockofstone‘aloteasiertorollthanasquare’．〞可知，物理学家West提出，在石块四周捆绑上木棒可以使石块更简单滚动。因此他对这种方法进行了尝试，应选A项。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anexperimentonwaysofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.B．Anapplicationofthemethodofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.C．Anargumentaboutdifferentmethodsofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.D．Anintroductiontoapossiblenewwayofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了古埃及人搬运巨石建筑金字塔可能用的更省力的方法，应选D项。Ⅴ.阅读七选五ClonesinFictionStoriesfeaturingclonesalwaysdrawmein.I'vereadenoughfictionbooksaboutclonesovertheyears.__1__TheLostGirlbySanguMandanna__2__EvaisAmarra'sclone.She