高二英语人教版必修五讲义UNIT1SECTIONⅤWRITING-劝说信

[技法指导]劝告信是指以信件的形式表达自己的观点或立场，并期盼对方认同或接受。其根本结构：第一局部：引入。写信人首先需要简要说明写信的主要目的。假设需要的话，也可以大致作一下自我介绍。其次局部：阐述。这是说服性信函的主体和核心局部。写信人需要在这个局部有条理地列出自己的理由。理由要客观、真实、有说服力，要重点突出、层次清晰。同时，要留意适当提高语言的力度，发挥语言的功力，以便更好地呈现自己的立场。第三局部：总结。可以用生动的语言重申自己的核心观点，或以情动人、引起共鸣，或升华延长、画龙点睛。这局部应当留意语言的简练和冲击力，切忌冗杂拖拉的表达。黄金表达常用的开头语1．Nowitismonlyheldthat...Theythink...ButIdoubtwhether...2．Thesedaysweareoftentoldthat...Butisthisreallythecase...3．Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...,butIconceiveitdifferently.4．Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernthat...5．Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersareingtorealisethat...主体局部常用表达1．Thereasonfor...isthat...2．Thereasonsfor...areasfollows.First,...Second,...Lastbutnotleast,...3．Ontheonehand,...;ontheotherhand,...4．Wemaytakeamonexampletoshow...5．Arecentstudysuggests/showsthat...6．Accordingtothestatisticsprovidedby...,itcanbeseenthat...7．Thereisgoodevidencetoshowthat...8．Noonecanignorethefactthat...常用的结束语1．Inshort,...2．Inconclusion,...3．AsfarasI’mconcerned,...4．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove5．Takingall...thesefactorsintoconsideration,wemaysafely...6．...arriveat/eto/reachtheconclusionthat...[写作标准][题目要求]假设你是高二同学李华，你的一个在外地读书的同学张力给你写信，向你诉说他最近由于身体不好而影响学习的状况，并且坦言自己平常学习忙，很少熬炼。请依据这一状况给张力写一封劝告信，鼓舞他乐观熬炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下根底。留意：1.词数100左右，信的开头已给出，不计入总词数；2．尽可能运用本单元所学的词汇、句型和语法。DearZhangLi，Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavebeenillfordaysandhopeyouhavegotbetternow.Sincerelyyours，LiHua[三步作文法]第一步：搜寻单元词汇1．全神贯注于 be_absorbed_in2．对……有好处 be_beneficial_to/do_good_to3．有助于 contribute_to4．得出结论 draw_a_conclusion5．提出 put_forward其次步：巧用单元语法和句型1．你学习如此投入以至于没有时间熬炼了。①Youhavebeen_absorbed_instudy.Youhavehad_no_time_for_exercise.②Youhavebeen_so_absorbed_in_study_thatyouhavehad_no_time_for_exercise.(so...that)③So_absorbed_have_you_been_in_study_that_you_have_had_no_time_for_exercise.(so引起的倒装句)2．你可能会认为花费在熬炼方面的时间被铺张了。①Thetimeis_spentonexercise.Youmaythinkthe_time_is_wasted.②Youmaythinkthatthetimespent_on_exercise_is_wasted.(过去分词作定语)③Youmaythinkthatthetimewhich/that_is_spent_on_exercise_is_wasted.(定语从句)3．只有当你有了强健的体魄时，才能不会感到任何的不舒适，从而连续你的学习。①Whenyouhave_a_strong_body,_youcankeep_on_studying.Youwon’tfeel_bad_or_ill.②Only_when_you_have_a_strong_body_can_you_keep_on_studying_without_feeling_bad_or_ill.(only引起的倒装句；withoutdoingsth.)第三步：连接过渡成篇DearZhangLi，Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavebeenillfordaysandhopeyouhavegotbetternow.Youhavebeensoabsorbedinstudythatyouhavehadnotimeforexercise.Butitisreallyharmfultoyourhealth.Ifeelitwouldbemorebeneficialtoyourhealthifyoucouldtakemoreexerciseinfuture.Youmaydrawaconclusionthatthetimespentonexerciseiswasted.Infact,exercisecancontributetoyourhealthandrefreshyourmind.Afteroneortwohoursofexerciseyoucanstudybetter.Onlywhenyouhaveastrongbodycanyoukeeponstudyingwithoutfeelingbadorill.Otherwiseyourstudywillbeinterruptedfromtimetotimebysickness.Iamnotadvisingyoutodevoteallyourtimetoexercise.WhatIwanttosayisthatexerciseisasusefulandimportantasyourstudy.SoIputforwardasuggestionthatyoutakeatleastonehour’sexerciseeverydayfromnowon.Iwouldbemorethanhappytoseeyouhaveastrongerbody.Sincerelyyours，LiHuaⅠ.阅读理解Withtheclickofamouseconsumerscanpurchasethegoodsandservicetheyneedatonlineshops.Whattheyhavetodoiswaitingforthegoodssenttotheirhomes.Weshallallbegratefultothepioneersofonlineshoppingforbringingussuchconvenience.MichaelAldrich(theU．K.)OnlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU．K.In1979heconnectedatelevisionviaatelephonelinetoareal­timemulti­usertransaction(交易)processingputer.HesoldmainlyBusiness­to­Businesssystems.Therewereanumberofsignificantworldfirstswithnewapplicationsinseveralbusinessfields.JeffBezos(theU．S.A.)JeffBezosdefinedonlineshoppingandrewrotetherulesofmerce.TimBerners­LeeinventedtheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser(扫瞄器)in1990.In1994,JeffBezosreadanarticleabouthowtheWorldWideWebwasgrowingby2,300%ayear.Heknewhehadtotapintosuchagreatpotentialformerce.OnJuly6,1995,BezoslaunchedAmazon,whichoperatedoutofthegarageofhistwo­bedroomhomeinsuburbanSeattle,Washington.Withalmostnopublicity,salestookoffimmediately.Thepanyhasnowexpandedintodozensofproductcategories,forcingtheworld’sbiggestretailer(零售商)torethinktheirbusinessmodels,andfinallychangingthewaypeopleshop.JackMa(China)Asachild,JackMawasbadatmathbutfascinatedbyEnglish.HetraveledtotheUnitedStatesin1995asatranslatortohelpaChinesefirmrecoverpayment.Theattemptfailed.ButafriendinSeattleshowedMatheInternet,andanideabeganbrewing.In1999,Mr.Magathered17friendsandfoundedAlibabainhisapartmentinHangzhou.Alibaba’smodelwassimple:allowsmallandmedium­sizedChinesepaniestofindglobalbuyerstheywouldotherwiseonlybeabletomeetattradeshows.Itworksbrilliantly.Alibaba’ssalesarenowmorethanthoseofeBayandAmazonbined.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了对网上购物有深远影响的三位人物以及他们对电子商务的促进作用。1．WhatmadeAmazonasuccess?A．Business­to­Businesssystems.B．TheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser.C．mercialpublicity.D．Helpfromretailers.解析：选B细节理解题。依据第三段的“TimBerners­LeeinventedtheWorldWideWebserverandbrowser(扫瞄器)in1990.〞及“Withalmostnopublicity,salestookoffimmediately.〞可知，亚马逊公司依托互联网开展迅猛。应选B项。2．HowdidJackMahavetheideaoffoundingAlibaba?A．Atranslatorhelpedhim.B．AChinesefirminspiredhim.C．HewasintroducedtotheInternet.D．Hewasfundedbysomepanies.解析：选C细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“ButafriendinSeattleshowedMatheInternet,andanideabeganbrewing.〞可知，当伴侣把互联网介绍给马云时，他开头有了想法。应选C项。3．Whatdothepioneershaveinmon?A．Theyhaveimprovedputers.B．Theyhavesoldgoodsworldwide.C．Theyhaveenlargedproductcategories.D．Theyhavecontributedtoonlineshopping.解析：选D推理推断题。依据介绍的人物可知，他们都在互联网背景下从事商业贸易活动，因此他们都对网上购物起到了推动作用。应选D项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五__1__Movingfromhighschoolintocollegecanbeespeciallydifficultbecauseofthefreedomstudentsexperienceincollegealongwithanewsetofexpectations.Inhighschool,studentsusuallyliveathome,andtheirparentstakecareofalltheirphysicalneedssuchasfoodandhousing.__2__Parentsarealsotheretoofferhelpandmakesurethatthestudents’homeworkisdone.Duringtheschoolday,studentsrarelyhavefreetime.Theygodirectlyfromoneclasstoanother.Teachersarealwaysaroundtotellthestudentswhattodo.__3__Sostudentscanoftenpletetheirhomeworkandreadinginashorttime.__4__Theymayberesponsibleforshopping,payingbills,andlaundry.Theyalsomayhavetocooktheirownmeals.Theirparentsarenotaroundtohelpwithhomeworkoreventocheckifithasbeendone.Contrarytostudentsinhighschool,studentsincollegemayhavealotoffreetimebetweenclasses,butmustdisciplinethemselvestousethistimeproductivelyforhomeworkandotherassignments.__5__A．Studentsdonotusuallyhavetoshopfortheirfood,taketimetopaybills,orevendotheirownlaundry.B．Highschoolstudentshavetoburythemselvesinpilesofpapers.C．Finally,theworkitselfisnotsochallenging.D．Bycontrast,incollege,studentsoftenliveawayfromhomeindormsorapartments.E．Incollege,studentsmayapplytoabankloanandotherswilltrytofindpart­timejobs.F．Eachnewlevelofeducationbringsnewchallengesanddemandstostudents.G．Mostimportantly,collegerequiresahigherlevelofthinkingandalotmoreworkthanhighschool.语篇解读：每一个新阶段的教育都会给同学带来新的挑战和要求，本文具体介绍了高校和高中生活学习的不同之处。1．解析：选F设空处下一句中提到“Movingfromhighschoolintocollege〞和F项中的“Eachnewlevelofeducation〞吻合。应选F项。2．解析：选A依据上文提到的“theirparentstakecareofalltheirphysicalneeds〞可知，此处应是家长为孩子做的具体的事情，也就是孩子不需要做的事情。本段和第三段形成比照，所以也可以依据第三段中的“Theymayberesponsibleforshopping,payingbills,andlaundry.Theyalsomayhavetocooktheirownmeals.〞推断出A项内容与之相符。应选A项。3．解析：选C依据上文“Teachersarealwaysaroundtotellthestudentswhattodo.〞和下文“Sostudentscanoftenpletetheirhomeworkandreadinginashorttime.〞可知，此处应是描述同学的作业，而且是说作业并不是很难。这与C项(最终，作业本身并没有太大的挑战性)相符。应选C项。4．解析：选DBycontrast这个短语起到了承上启下的作用，且本段和其次段是明显的比照关系，所以本段首句应和其次段的首句形成鲜亮的比照，D项(与之比照，在高校，同学常常远离家，住在同学宿舍或公寓)符合语境。应选D项。5．解析：选G上文描述了在高校和在高中的区分，G项中的“collegerequiresahigher...thanhighschool〞是两者之间的比照，符合语境。应选G项。Ⅲ.完形填空Doyougettoplaywithanyneattoysatschool?Asmoreandmoreschoolstakeadvantageofnew__1__tomakelearningeasier,youmaygetthechanceto__2__personalputers,laptopsormaybeevensmartphonesintheclassroom.__3__werenotalwaysaswell­equippedastheycanbetoday,though.Beforestudentshadpencilsandpaper,theyoftenusedslates(石板),whichwere__4__，handheldblackboardsthattheycouldwriteonwithchalk.Infact,theclassroomchalkboarddidn’t__5__untilthelate1800s.Itmusthavebeen__6__forteacherstobeabletowriteonalargesurfacethattheentireclasscouldseeatthesametime.Whilechalkboards__7__seemlikeathingofthepasttoday,theywerecutting­edge(最尖端的)technologyatonetime!Overtheyearsasnewtechnologies__8__，newitemswereslowlyaddedtoclassroomsas__9__figuredouthowtheycouldbeusedto__10__thelearningexperience.Copyingmachinesrevolutionizedclassrooms__11__theycamealonginthemid­1900s.Beingableto__12__studentscopiesoflessonsforhomeworkandstudyingexpandedtheclassroom__13__itswallsandtheusualschoolday.Theuseofaudiotapesandheadphonesintheclassroommadelearningforeignlanguages__14__.Theyalsohelpedstudentswithvisionorreading__15__，sincetheycouldnowlistentolessonsratherthan__16__them.Therearehundredsofother__17__ofeducationaltechnologyovertheyears.Inthepastcoupleofdecades,though,schoolshave__18__agreatincreaseintheuseofcutting­edge,moderntechnologyintheclassroom.Withtheinventionofthepersonalputer,educationgotagreat__19__.Whenyoufactorin(把……考虑在内)theInternet,moderneducationlooks__20__thanitdidwhenyourparentswereinschool.语篇解读：从黑板、复印机到录音磁带和耳机，教学设备越来越现代化，计算机的创造使教育的开展往前迈进了一大步。1．A.technology B．discoveryC．thought D．design解析：选A下文提到计算机、笔记本以及智能等，这些东西说明白新科学技术(technology)的开展。2．A.buy B．borrowC．repair D．use解析：选D依据第三段中的“newitemswereslowlyaddedtoclassrooms〞可知，同学在教室里可以使用(use)计算机等科技设备。3．A.Cinemas B．ClubsC．Classrooms D．Theatres解析：选C联系上文中的“intheclassroom〞可推知，此处指过去教室(Classrooms)的配套设施不像现在这样好。4．A.heavy B．smallC．valuable D．cheap解析：选B结合下文介绍的教学用大黑板的好处可以推知，过去同学用来写字的石板很小(small)。5．A.giveup B．workonC．turnback D．eout解析：选D本段表达教室设备的变化。由此可以推知，教学用大黑板直到十九世纪晚期才消失(eout)。6．A.difficult B．interestingC．nice D．lucky解析：选C在大一些的黑板上写字当然是不错的(nice)。7．A.certainly B．hardlyC．finally D．suddenly解析：选A由上文从手握黑板到大黑板的变化可推知，黑板在今日当然(certainly)看起来已经是过去的事物了，但它们曾经是最尖端的科技。8．A.stopped B．arrivedC．appeared D．developed解析：选D依据句中的“newitemswereslowlyaddedtoclassrooms〞可推知，此处指新科技的开展(develop)。9．A.workers B．educatorsC．visitors D．doctors解析：选B文章表达教室设备的开展变化，故此处指教育者(educators)。10．A.improve B．enjoyC．accept D．suffer解析：选A联系教室增加新设备的目的可知，此处指教育者弄清晰了怎么样能够使用这些设备改善(improve)学习体验。11．A.before B．untilC．when D．so解析：选C二十世纪中期复印机一消失就使得教室发生了革命性的变化，故此处用when。12．A.pass B．giveC．lend D．introduce解析：选B有了复印机以后，老师就可以给(give)同学布置书面的家庭作业。13．A.between B．alongC．through D．beyond解析：选D依据空前的homework和expanded等信息可知，这么做超越(beyond)了教室的墙壁和学校的上课时间。14．A.easier B．furtherC．slower D．longer解析：选A本文表达科技给教育和学习带来的好处，故录音磁带和耳机使外语学习更简单(easier)。15．A.questions B．experiencesC．problems D．contests解析：选C结合下文中的“theycouldnowlistentolessons〞可知，此处指视力或阅读问题(problems)。question常用来指需要答复和解释的问题，故A项不符合语境。16．A.write B．speakC．read D．tell解析：选C上文提到有阅读障碍的同学，所以此处指他们可以听，而不是阅读(read)。17．A.experiments B．examplesC．results D．inventions解析：选B作者上文列举了黑板、复印机和耳机等应用于教育上的设备。此处指还有其他例子(examples)，作者的目的是说明科技的变化对教育的影响。18．A.seen B．lostC．avoided D．kept解析：选A在过去几十年里，学校见证了教室里越来越多地使用尖端的现代化技术，故此处应用see。19．A.increase B．measureC．movement D．improvement解析：选D个人电脑的创造使教育有了很大的开展和改善。improvement“改善〞。20．A.similar B．differentC．backward D．important解析：选B联系互联网以及科学技术的开展可知，现代教育看起来与过去父辈在校那个年月不同(different)了。Ⅳ.语法填空Thequestionwasonceaskedofa__1__(success)businessman,“Howhaveyoudonesomuchinyourlifetime？〞Hereplied,“Ihavedreamed.Ihaveturnedmymindloose__2__(imagine)whatIwantedtodo.ThenIwenttobedand__3__(think)aboutmydreams.InthenightIdreamedaboutmydreams.AndwhenIawokeinthemorning,Isawthewaytomakemydreamsreal.〞Whileotherpeopleweresaying,“Youcan’tdothat,anditis__4__(possible)．〞Iwaswellonmywayto__5sWoodrowWilson,the28thPresidentof__6__U．S.,said，“Wegrowgreatbydreams.〞Allbigmenaredreamers.Someofusletthesedreamsdie,__7__othersprotectthemandtakecare__8__themthroughbaddaysuntiltheybringthemtothesunshineandlightwhichalwaysestothosewho__9__(sincere)hopethattheirdreamswilletrue.Soplease,don’tletanyonestealyourdreams,ortrytotellyoutheyaretoounrealistic.“Singyour__10__(song),anddreamyourdreams,hopeyourhopeandprayyourprayer.〞语篇解读：作者叙述一个人要想胜利必需要有幻想，不管有多困难，不管别人说什么，自己必需要坚持，只有坚持幻想的人才能实现自己的幻想。1．successful考查词性转换。句意：曾经有一位胜利的商人被问了这样的问题：“你怎么一生有这么多的成就？〞此处修饰名词应当用形容词，故填successful。2．toimagine考查非谓语动词。句意：他答复道：“我幻想过。我会放松思想来想一下我想做什么。然后我就上床考虑我的幻想。〞依据句子结构和句意可知，该空应是动词不定式表示目的，故填toimagine。3．thought考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。依据设空前的并列连词and可知，此处和前面的wenttobed应是并列谓语，所以要用一般过去时，故填thought。4．impossible考查词形转换。句意：虽然其他人说：“你做不到，这是不行能的〞，但是我却在实现幻想的路上。依据“Youcan’tdothat〞可知，此处应当是表示否认的意思，也就是要用possible的反义词，故填impossible。5．achieving考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。onone’swayto为固定短语，意为“在某人去……的路上〞，其中to是介词，后面的动词应是动名词，故填achieving。6．the考查冠词。句意：正如第28任总统伍德罗·威尔逊说的那样：“我们因幻想而宏大。〞一般名称构成的专出名词前面应用定冠词the，即theUnitedStates＝theU．S.，故填the。7．but/while考查连词。空格前是说让幻想消逝，后面是说爱护幻想，所以两个分句之间是转折或比照关系，故填表示转折或比照的并列连词but或while。8．of考查固定短语。takecareof为固定短语，意为“照看；照看〞，故填of。9．sincerely考查词性转换。设空处修饰定语从句中的谓语动词hope，应用副词。故填sincerely。10．songs考查名词单复数。句意：唱你自己的歌，做属于你自己的梦，期盼你所盼望的，祈求你所祈祷的。song是可数名词。Ⅴ.短文改错It’snoteasyforustoacceptthefactwhichwearegoingtoleaveourbelovedschool.However,wearelookedforwardtoourfuturelife.Lastnight,myfriendsandIwalkaroundourschool,talkingaboutthefunnythingsthathadbeenhappenedinthepastthreeyears.Suddenly,Icameacrossanidea.Isaidtohimweshouldmakeadealthatwecouldgettogetherherefouryearslate.Myfriendsweresoexcitingaboutit,andtheyagreedwithme.IstartedtothinkaboutwhatIwouldbeeinthefuture.Imaybeingateacher,oradoctor.Ithinkdealwillhelpuskeepintouchtoeachother.答案：第一句：which→that其次句：looked→looking第三句：walk→walked;去掉been第五句：him→them;late→later第六句：exciting→excited第八句：being→bee第九句：在deal前加the;to→with单元质量检测(一)(时间：100分钟总分值：120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ATheNobelPrizeWinnersinLiteratureRabindranathTagore(1913)Prizemotivation:“becauseofhisprofoundlysensitive,freshandbeautifulverse(诗歌),bywhich,withconsummateskill,hehasmadehispoeticthought,expressedinhisownEnglishwords,apartoftheliteratureoftheWest〞WilliamFaulkner(1949)Prizemotivation:“forhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel〞SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1953)Prizemotivation:“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratory(演说才能)indefendingexaltedhumanvalues〞ErnestMillerHemingway(1954)Prizemotivation:“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea,andfortheinfluencethathehasexertedoncontemporarystyle〞JohnSteinbeck(1962)Prizemotivation:“forhisrealisticandimaginativewritings,biningastheydosympathetichumorandkeensocialperception〞ClaudeSimon(1985)Prizemotivation:“whoinhisnovelbinesthepoet’sandthepainter’screativenesswithadeepenedawarenessoftimeinthedepictionofthehumancondition〞MoYan(2012)Prizemotivation:“whowithhallucinatory(幻觉般的)realismmergesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary〞BobDylan(2016)Prizemotivation:“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition〞语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了八位闻名的诺贝尔文学奖获得者的获奖缘由。1．WhichwriterwonNobelPrizeforhispoetry?A．WilliamFaulkner. B．BobDylan.C．RabindranathTagore. D．ClaudeSimon.解析：选C细节理解题。依据标题RabindranathTagore(1913)局部中的“becauseofhisprofoundlysensitive,freshandbeautifulverse(诗歌),bywhich,withconsummateskill...〞可知，拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔由于诗歌而获得诺贝尔文学奖。应选C项。2．WhichwriterwonNoblePrizemostlyforhisspecificwork?A．ErnestHemingway. B．JohnSteinbeck.C．WilliamFaulkner. D．WinstonChurchill.解析：选A细节理解题。依据标题ErnestMillerHemingway(1954)局部中的“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea...〞可知，海明威主要是凭借?老人与海?这部小说获奖，其他获奖者的获奖理由中并未提及具体作品。应选A项。3．Whodescribedreallifeexperiencesinhishistoricworks?A．JohnSteinbeck. B．MoYan.C．ErnestHemingway. D．WinstonChurchill.解析：选D推理推断题。依据标题SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1953)局部中的“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescription...〞可知，丘吉尔精通历史和传记写作，故D项正确。BYoumaythinkthatEnglishspeakingpetitionsaredominatedbyEnglishmajors,andthatcollegestudentsfromothermajorsdon’tstandachanceofwinning.Butthisyear’sChinaDaily“21stCentury·Coca­ColaCup〞NationalEnglishSpeakingpetitionprovidedstrongevidencetothecontrary.ThepetitiondrewtoanendonMarch20atBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.NoneofthetopthreecontestantswereEnglishmajors.Thegrandchampion,ZhuXue,isamedicalstudentfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity.Andtherunners­upnamedCaiYaofromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityandLiZehanfromtheChineseUniversityofHongKongarebothlawstudents.ChenMengzhufromNewYorkUniversityShanghaiwonthefourthplaceandwillbeheadingtoLondoninMaytopeteintheInternationalPublicSpeakingpetitiononbehalfofChina.Andguesswhat?ChenisnotanEnglishmajoreither.Sheisasciencestudent,majoringininteractivemediaart.Theiradvantagesmaylieintheuniquequalitiesandexperiencesthatewiththeirmajors.Forexample,Zhumanagedtokeepacoolheadthroughoutthepetition,askillprobablyhoned(磨炼)inhertrainingasamedicalstudent.Shewasevencalmaftershewonthechampionship.QuWeiguo,aFudanUniversityprofessorandoneofthepetition’sjudges,believesit’snosurprisethatstudentslikeZhusurged(蜂拥而来)ahead.“Englishmajorsmaybesuperiorattheirlanguageskills,buttheymaylacktheknowledgefromotherfieldstosupporttheirspeechandenrichtheirarguments，〞hesaid.Throughoutthepast20years,contestantsatthepetitionhavetransitioned(变迁)fromfocusingsolelyonlanguageskillstoplacingmoreemphasisonthecontentofthespeeches.语篇解读：人们可能会认为英语演讲竞赛应当是英语专业同学的天下，但是中国日报社“21世纪·可口可乐杯〞全国英语演讲竞赛结果有力地证明白这种看法是错误的。4．Theunderlinedword“dominated〞inParagraph1refersto“________〞．A．permitted B．controlledC．hosted D．taught解析：选B词义猜想题。permit意为“允许〞；control意为“掌握；掌控〞；host意为“主办；主持〞；teach意为“教〞。第一段第一句中提到来自其他专业的高校生都没有赢得英语演讲竞赛的时机，由此可知，人们可能会认为英语演讲竞赛都是英语专业的人获胜，也就是英语专业的人占有优势，这和control的意思相符，应选B项。5．WhowonthefirstplaceinthelatestNationalEnglishSpeakingpetition?A．ChenMengzhufromNewYorkUniversityShanghai.B．CaiYaofromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.C．ZhuXuefromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity.D．LiZehanfromtheChineseUniversityofHongKong.解析：选C细节理解题。依据其次段第三句可知，冠是来自上海交通高校医学专业的朱雪。应选C项。6．Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldEnglishmajorpetitorspaymoreattentiontointhefuture?A．Thecontentofthespeeches.B．AgoodmandofEnglishlanguage.C．Skillsofmakingaspeech.D．Acoolhead.解析：选A推理推断题。依据倒数其次段一位复旦高校教授的话可知，英语专业的同学在语言技巧方面可能比拟优秀，但是他们可能缺乏其他领域的学问来支撑他们的演讲和丰富他们的观点。最终一段指出：在过去的20年里，参与竞赛的竞争者已经从仅仅留意语言技巧转变到更多地强调演讲的内容。由此可推出英语专业的参赛者在将来应当更多地留意演讲的内容，应选A项。7．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP：CentralPointP：PointSp：Sub­point(次要点)C：Conclusion解析：选B篇章结构题。分析文章结构可以发觉，本文是总—分—总结构。第一段提出英语专业同学没有获得英语演讲竞赛这一主题，下面三段利用事例来支持观点并分析缘由，最终一段得出结论并指出英语专业的同学以后应当多留意演讲的内容。应选B项。CResearchersatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedanewmaterialthatcanmoveheatoutofbuildingsandintospace.Theresearcherssaythematerialcancoolbuildingsevenonhotdays.Thecoolingmaterialisaverythinboardwithmanylayersthatcouldbeplacedonarooflikesolarpanels(太阳能电池板).However,insteadofturningsunlightintoenergyassolarpanelsdo,thematerialturnsheatintoinfraredradiation(红外辐射)．ShanhuiFanisanelectricalengineeringprofessoratStanfordUniversity.Hesaysthatthepanelshavealayerofmaterialthatislikesandandtheyactlikeamirror,takingheatoutofbuildingsandreflecting(反射)thelightfromthesun.Healsosaysboththeheatandsunlightaresent100kilometersintoouterspace.It’sastructurethatcoolsitselfwithoutelectricityinput,evenunderthesun.So,whatitdoesisbasicallyradiateheattoouterspaceandalsoreflectthesunlightsoitdoesn’tgetheatedupbythesun.Andtheresultisthattheroofwillhaveatemperaturebelowsurroundingairtemperaturebyalargeamount.Thepanelsarecooltothetouch,eveninthesun.Researcherssaytheycandiminishtheindoortemperature.Mr.Fansaysitislikehavingawindowintospace.Hesaystheheatissentdirectlyintospacewithoutwarmingtheair.Hesaysbuildingsindevelopingcountriesthatdonothaveelectricityorairconditioningcouldusethepanels.TheStanfordresearchersdescribedtheirtechnologyinthesciencepublicationNature.Theysaythemainproblemiscreatingrealcoolingsystemsusingthehightechpanels.Theysayitmaybepossibletodevelopacoolingspray(喷雾)thatcouldbeusedonexistingsolidstructures.Theresearchersbelievethecoolingspraytechnologycouldbedevelopedinthenextthreetofiveyears.Theysayasmuchas15percentoftheenergyusedintheUnitedStatesisspentprovidingpowertoairconditioningsystems.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要叙述了斯坦福高校的讨论人员研制出一种新的高科技材料，这种材料能够冷却建筑物，并将热量送到太空。8．Accordingtothetext,thecoolingmaterial________.A．isakindofthickglassB．ismadeofsolarpanelsC．cansendheatintospaceD．canturnsunlightintoenergy解析：选C细节理解题。由第一段中的“anewmaterialthatcanmoveheatoutofbuildingsandintospace〞可知，这种新型的材料能把热量从建筑物上发送到太空中。9．AccordingtoShanhuiFan,thepanels________.A．havealayerofsandB．turnsunlightintoelectricityC．willabsorbheatfromthesunD．reflectsunlightandwon’tgetheatedup解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段中的“takingheatoutofbuildingsandreflecting(反射)thelightfromthesun〞和第四段中的“whatitdoesis...soitdoesn’tgetheatedupbythesun〞可知，这种板把热辐射到外太空，并且反射太阳光，所以不会变热。10．Theunderlinedword“diminish〞inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________〞．A．reduce B．controlC．change D．measure解析：选A词义猜想题。由画线词前的“Thepanelsarecooltothetouch〞可推知，这种材料可以把室内温度降低，故diminish意为“降低〞。11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlydiscuss?A．Thevarioususesofcoolingmaterials.B．Thecharacteristicsofcoolingsystems.C．Themainproblemswithcoolingtechnology.D．Thefuturedevelopmentofcoolingtechnology.解析：选D段落大意题。由最终一段中的“Theysayitmaybepossibletodevelopacoolingspray(喷雾)...couldbedevelopedinthenextthreetofiveyears.〞可知，最终一段主要叙述了冷却技术将来开展的方向。DHehadmorethan160reportsasareporterontheMetrodeskandmorethan170in19monthsasanationaljournalistbasedinKansasCity,Mo.ButperhapsthemostimportantpieceofwritingthatA.G.SulzbergerdidforTheNewYorkTimesbeforeWednesday—whenhewasnameddeputypublisher—wasnotanarticleandwasnotpublishedinTheTimes,butwasallaboutTheTimes.Thatworkcametobeknownasthe“innovation(创新)report〞，whichzeroedinontheimportanceofadigitalfutureforthenewspaperhisfamilyhasownedsince1896andsaidTheTimesriskedlosingitsleadingplaceifitdidnotmakesweepingchanges.InaconversationinhisofficeonWednesday,Mr.Sulzbergersaidhesawtheinnovationreportandthethinkingthatledtohisconclusionsas“awake­upcalltothenewsroomthatwewereatriskofmissingthemoment〞．“Itwasalwayseasytoseehowchangeswillendangerthetraditionsoftheplace，〞hesaid,“butwhatbecamereallycleartomewasnotchangingwasthemoredangerouscourseifwecaredaboutthetraditionsoftheplace.〞Unlikesomeoftheformerdeputypublishersinhisrole,Mr.Sulzbergerhasbeenmoreexperiencedinthenewsroomthaninadvertisingorconsumermarketing.Still,hiscolleaguesdescribedhimasaquickstudywhosemodestymaskeddeepinnerconfidence.Besides,inthenewsroomoroutonanassignment,Mr.SulzbergerdidnotshowoffhisconnectiontoTheTimes’owners.“Irecognizedthename，〞saidVincentBova,avideoeditorwhofiguredinafeaturearticlethatMr.Sulzbergerwrotein2010.“Imean,IknewIwasdealingwithroyalty.Therewasnoreasonformetobringthatupwithhim,andhedidn’t.〞SoMr.Sulzberger,insomeway,hasqualifiedhimselfforthepositionsincelongtimeago.语篇解读：本文介绍了闻名出版人A.G.Sulzberger对?纽约时报?的重要奉献，还介绍了他提出的“创新报道〞理论以及他人对他的评价。12．A.G.Sulzbergerwrotethe“innovationreport〞mainlyto________.A．urgerevolutionsinTheTimesB．gainthepositionofdeputypublisherC．promotechangesinNewYorkCityD．showdirectionstohisfamilyfuture解析：选A推理推断题。依据其次段可知，“创新报道〞关注报纸数字化将来的重要性，?纽约时报?假设不，那么将面临危机。据此可以推断，A.G.Sulzberger提及“创新报道〞的目的是敦促?纽约时报?进行变革，故A项正确。13．WhatisthebiggestthreattotraditionalmediaaccordingtoMr.Sulzberger?A．Scientificdevelopments.B．Rapidsocialchanges.C．Theirownstubbornness.D．Decreasingreaders.解析：选C推理推断题。依据其次段中的“andsaidTheTimesriskedlosingitsleadingplaceifitdidnotmakesweepingchanges〞和文章中提到的“innovationreport〞可知，A.G.Sulzberger认为?纽约时报?假设不做出变革，那么将面临危机；据此可以推断，A.G.Sulzberger认为传统媒风光临的最大的问题是它们固执己见，不思变革，故C项正确。14．HowdoestheauthorshowuswhatMr.Sulzbergerislikeinthelastparagraph?A．Byparinghimwithothers.B．Byinterviewinghiminperson.C．Bygivingexamplesofhisroutines.D．Byquotingmentsfromothers.解析：选D写作手法题。通读最终一段可知，该段其次句介绍了同事对A.G.Sulzberger的评价，第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑VincentBova对他的评价；据此可以推断，最终一段是通过别人的评价来描述A.G.Sulzberger的，故D项正确。15．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofMr.Sulzbergeraccordingtothepassage?A．Casual. B．Objective.C．Admirable. D．Critical.解析：选C观点态度题。通读全文可知，A.G.Sulzberger提出“创新报道〞理论并前瞻性地熟悉到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响，意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义；据此可以推断，作者对A.G.Sulzberger的态度是敬佩的，故C项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifsomethingthatyou’redoingdoesn’tchallengeyou,thenitdoesn’tchangeyou.Weallneedsomenormalstressinourlives