四级真题试卷电子版

四级真题试卷电子版2018年6月四级真题试卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledExcessivePackagingfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,butnomorethan180words.

1.目前商品过度包装

2.造成的问题

3.个人看法

ExcessivePackaging

Nowadays,ithasbecomecommontoseeexcessivelypackagedproductsinsupermarketsandonlineshoppingplatforms.However,thisphenomenonhasbroughtaboutsomeseriousproblems.

Firstandforemost,excessivepackagingleadstoenvironmentalpollution.Duringtheproductionofpackagingmaterials,alargeamountofenergyandresourcesareconsumedandpollutantsaredischargedintotheenvironment.Oncethepackagingisdiscarded,itwillhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironmentaswell.Inaddition,excessivepackagingcontributestothewasteofresources,whichisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.

Moreover,excessivepackagingisnotappreciatedbyconsumerswhoprefereco-friendlyandnon-wastefulpackaging.Itnotonlymakesproductsmoreexpensiveduetohigherproductioncosts,butalsocausesinconveniencewhenconsumerstrytodisposeofthepackaging.

AsfarasIamconcerned,bothmanufacturersandconsumersshouldtakeanactiveroleinreducingexcessivepackaging.Manufacturersshouldadoptmoreeco-friendlymaterialsandreducepackagingtoaminimumwhilestillensuringproductquality.Consumersshouldpickproductswithlesspackagingorpackage-freeoptions.Throughjointefforts,wecancontributetothecreationofamoresustainableandeco-friendlysociety.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

NewsReport1

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstnewsreport?

A)TherebellionhasbeensuppressedinGreatBritain.

B)Over1,000peoplewerearrestedinGreatBritain.

C)NearlyadozenpeoplewerehurtinGreatBritain.

D)PolicemenweredeployedtocollegesinGreatBritain.

2.Whattriggeredtheriot?

A)Students’dissatisfactionwiththegovernment.

B)Students’negativeresponsetotuitionincrease.

C)Students’protestagainsttheConservativeParty.

D)Students’objectiontotheBrexitagreement.

NewsReport2

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.What’stheproblemwiththeQRcodeaccordingtothenewsreport?

A)It’svulnerabletocyberattacks.

B)It’simpossibletoupgradeitsfunction.

C)Itmaybedifficultforelderlypeopletouse.

D)Itmaybecopiedforunauthorizedpurposes.

4.WhatdoesthenewsreportsuggestpeopledowiththeQRcode?

A)Useitmorefrequently.

B)Shareitonsocialmedia.

C)Onlyscanitatauthorizedwebsites.

D)Keepupwithitsrapiddevelopment.

NewsReport3

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.Whatkindofmedicationismentionedinthenewsreport?

A)Sleepingpills.

B)Tranquilizers.

C)Painkillers.

D)Caffeinetablets.

6.Whatinformationcanpharmacistsprovideaccordingtothenewsreport?

A)Possiblesideeffects.

B)Idealdosageforeachpatient.

C)Patients’medicalhistory.

D)Timetotakethemedication.

7.Accordingtothenewsreport,peopleshould_____topreventdrugmisuse.

A)takemedicationaccordingtothedoctor’sprescription

B)consultapharmacistbeforetakinganymedication

C)informtheirfamilyoftheirmedicationschedule

D)avoidprescriptionmedicationaltogether

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cognitivepsychologyistheexplanationofhowpeopleprocess26,storeanduseinformation.Itisconcernedwith27suchasattention,perception,memoryandreasoning.Theconceptualhistoryofcognitivepsychologyiscomplex.Theterm"cognition"asusedbymostpsychologistsreferstothe28ofthementalprocessesbywhichknowledgeisacquired,manipúlated,remembered,andused.Cognitiveresearchhasdevelopedmanyexperimentaltaskstotestdifferenttypesofcognition,suchasmemory,languagecomprehensionand29.OneofthemostfamousexperimentsisprobablythememoryexperimentundertakenbyHermannEbbinghaus(1850-1909).Heusedthetechniqueoflearninglistsofnonsensesyllablesto30howquicklyinformationisforgottenovertime.Theinformationprocessingmodelsofmemoryaretheoreticalconstructsthathelpprovideaframeworkforunderstandinghowmemoriesareencoded,stored,andretrieved.Theoriessuchasthemulti-storemodelandtheworkingmemorymodelhavebeeninfluentialinexplainingtheprocessesof31informationindifferentpartsofthebrain.

Therearemanypracticalimplicationsofcognitivepsychologythatare32ineverydaylife.Forexample,thedevelopmentofprogrammesdesignedtoslowtherateofcognitivedeclineinoldage,theintroductionofcognitive-behaviouraltherapytoimprovementalhealth,andtheuseofcognitivetechniquestohelpimprovememoryandothercognitive33followingabraininjury.

Cognitivepsychologyisalso34inthedevelopmentofartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning.Inparticular,researchersinartificialintelligenceandroboticsareinterestedinhowperception,35andlearningarehandledbycomputersystems,inthehopeofcreatingmoreintelligentartificialsystems.

A)utilizationB)processingC)forgetfulnessD)issuesE)perception

F)puzzledG)competenceH)recallI)relatedJ)conducted

K)learnedL)functionsM)influentialN)discernmentO)reasoning

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphisfollowedbyalinemarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

BeforeYouGoAbroad

Whenvisitinganothercountry,visitorsmayhavetoadapttonewcustomsandwaysofbehaving.Thiscanbedifficult,especiallyifthecountryvisitedisverydifferenttothehomecountry.

Personalspaceissomethingthatvariesfromcountrytocountry.Insomecountries,peoplekeepagreaterdistancebetweenthemselveswhentalkingtoeachother,andthisshouldberespected.Visitorsshouldlearnanduseappropriategreetings,suchasbowingorshakinghands.Whenvisitingacountry,tryingthelocalfoodsanddrinksisagoodwaytoexperiencetheculture.However,visitorsshouldnotdrinktoexcess,asthiscancauseoffenceandmisunderstandings.

Itisimportanttodressappropriatelywhenvisitingcertaincountries.Somereligioussitesdonotpermitvisitorstowearshorts,orrequirewomentocovertheirheadsorwearlongskirts.

Whilelearningafewwordsofthenativelanguageofthecountrybeingvisitedmightnotbenecessary,itshowsrespectandgoesalongwayincommunicatingeffectivelywithlocals.

Whenplanningatripabroad,visitorsshouldresearchthecountrytheywillbevisiting,includingitscustomsandnorms.Thiswillpreventmisunderstandingsandshowvisitorsrespectforthecountryanditspeople.

36.Visitorsofsomecountriesmayneedtoadjusttonewcustoms.

37.Personalspacevariesfromcountrytocountry.

38.Tastinglocalfoodanddrinkisagoodwaytoexperienceaforeignculture.

39.Visitorsshouldpayattentiontodresscodesinreligioussites.

40.Learningafewwordsofaforeignlanguageshowsrespectandimprovescommunication.

41.Researchingthecountrytobevisitedisimportantbeforeyougoabroad.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions42to46arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThefirstwaveofimmigrantsfromEasternEuropearrivedintheUSinthelate1800s,toescapethepovertyandpersecutionintheirhomelands.TheysoonfoundworkintheUS,mainlyinfactories.AstheUSeconomygrew,theimmigrantsdevelopedanentrepreneurialspirit,openingsmallneighborhoodshopsandsellinggoodstoeachother.

Somethree-quartersofcurrentsmallbusinessownersacrossAmericaarefirstorsecond-generationimmigrants.Theseentrepreneurscreatejobs,generateincomeandhelprevitalizeneighborhoods.AsimmigrantsfaceanuncertainfutureintheUS,LatinoandAsianentrepreneursarelookingelsewhereastheyexploreopportunitiesinCentralandSouthAmericaandAsia.“Theimmigrantscomingarehigh-qualityentrepreneurswhocananddocreatemorejobsandopportunitieshere,”saysDanWallacefromtheNationalSmallBusinessAssociation.

However,therearevariouschallengesimmigrantsfacewhenstartingandgrowingabusinessintheUS.“Thebiggestchallengeimmigrantsfaceisecosystemchallenges,”saysDheerajVermaofTheIndusEntrepreneurs(TiE)Global,anon-profitorganization,addingthattheentrepreneurialecosysteminmostUScitiesisnotwellsuitedtotheneedsofimmigrantentrepreneurs.

Vermaarguesthatpolicymakersneedtofocusmoreonworkingwithimmigrantentrepreneurs,inordertohelpthemgrowtheirbusinesses.Onewaytodothisisthroughmentorshipprogrammes,inwhichimmigrantbusinessownersreceivesupportfrommoreestablishedprofessionals.“Mentorshipprogrammesarecriticaltothesuccessofimmigrantentrepreneurs,”saysVerma.

42.WhatdoesthefirstwaveofimmigrantsfromEasternEuropeintheUSmainlydoforaliving?

A)Theymainlyrunsmallshops.

B)Theymainlyworkinfactories.

C)Theymainlystudyinschools.

D)Theymainlyworkinfarms.

43.WhatproportionofcurrentsmallbusinessownersintheUSareimmigrants?

A)Two-thirds.B)Three-quarters.

C)One-third.D)Thesameasnon-immigrants.

44.WhatisthebiggestchallengeimmigrantsfacewhenstartingandgrowingabusinessintheUS?

A)TheuncertaintyoftheirlivesintheUS.

B)Thefactthattheyarecomingfromabroad.

C)Thelackofasuitableentrepreneurialecosystem.

D)Thelackofentrepreneurialspiritamongthem.

45.WhatdoesVermasuggestpolicymakersdotohelpimmigrantentrepreneursgrowtheirbusinesses?

A)Providethemwithmentorshipprogrammes.

B)Providethemwithbetterfinancialsupport.

C)Providethemwithfreelegaladvice.

D)Providethemwithfreeadvertisingservices.

46.HowdoesWallanceviewimmigrantsasentrepreneurs?

A)Theyareunwillingtocreatejobsandopportunities.

B)Theyarerelativelylow-qualityentrepreneurs.

C)TheyareunwillingtoachievesuccessinAmerica.

D)Theyarehigh-qualityentrepreneurswhocancreatemorejobsandopportunities.

PassageTwo

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

InthePhilippines,eightoutoftenpeopleusesocialmedia,whichismorethaninanyothercountrysurveyedinarecentpoll.

However,manyFilipinosusetheInternettosendorreceivewhat'sknownas“fakenews”-atermthatenteredcommonuseduringthe2016USpresidentialelectioncycle.ThePhilippinesishometothelargestnumberofsocialmediaaccountsthatdisseminateorcommentonfakenews,accordingtoastudybynon-profitgroups.Thisrampantproliferationoffakenewshashadadangerousreal-worldeffect:In2017,thedisinformationledtothedeathsoftwodozenpeopleinthecountry.

Thespreadoffalseinformationonlinehasalsoledtootherharmfuleffects,suchaspublicmistrustofmediaandviolenceincitedbyfakenews.Internationalbodieshaveevenwarnedthatfakenewshasbecomeathreattodemocracy.Governmentshavefailedtostrikeabalancebetweenregulatingfreespeechandcontrollingharmfulcontentonline.However,someeffortshavebeenmadebysocialmediasitesthemselves,suchasFacebook.InthePhilippines,Facebookhaslaunchedprogrammestohelpusersidentifyfakene