初中英语语法大全(详解)

RevisionofJuniorEnglish初三英语复习2021/5/91Adjectives

and

Adverbs形容词、副词2021/5/92区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词★

already

常用于肯定句、个别疑问句

yet

常用于否定句、疑问句

*Thetrainhasalreadygone.*Theyhaven’tcomebackyet.

★

such

修饰名词

so修饰形容词、副词

*Ihaveneverseensuchaninteresting

film.*ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.2021/5/93★alone(单独、独自)作表语=byoneself

lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语

*Helived

alone,buthedidn’tfeel

lonely.

*It’sa

lonelyvillage.

★hard(努力地)

hardly(几乎不)否定副词

*Sheworksvery

hard,andhe

hardly

hasarestonSundays.

2021/5/94TheComparative&SuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives

&

Adverbs2021/5/95形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成2021/5/96规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词

1)一般情况加–er

或

–est

fast–faster

–fastest

high–higher

–highest

clever–cleverer

–cleverest

2021/5/97规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词

2)以字母

e

结尾加–r

或

–st

fine–finer–finest

late–later–latest

nice–nicer–nicest2021/5/98规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词

3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加–er

或–est

fat–fatter–fattest

big–bigger–biggest

thin–thinner–thinnest

2021/5/99规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词

4)以辅音字母加

y

结尾变

y

为

i加–er

或–est

early–earlier–earliest

easy–easier–easiest

lucky–luckier–luckiest

2021/5/910规则变化部分双音节和多音节词

在词前加more

或

most

slowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully2021/5/911

不规则变化

good/well–better–best

many/much–more–most

little–less–least

far–farther–farthest

(far–further–furthest)bad/badly/ill–worse–worst

2021/5/912形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法2021/5/9131)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词

than

引导，表示“较······”或“更······一些”的意思

*Thiscakeismoredelicious

thanthatone.*LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).2021/5/914

2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围

*Shanghaiis

thebiggest

city

in

China.

*Lucysings

(the)bestof

all.

*Heis

themostcarefulamong

us.2021/5/915

3)在表示“和······一样······”

和“不及······”

这类概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”

和“not

as（so）+原级+as”的句型

*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.2021/5/9164)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级*SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.*HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.*Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.2021/5/9175)几种比较级的使用句型

1.“

比较级+and+比较级

”表示“

越来越······

”

*YourEnglishisgetting

betterandbetter.

你的英语越来越好了。

*Thesedays

moreandmore

peoplearelearningEnglish.

现在学英语的人越来越多了。2021/5/9182.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“

越······就越······

”

*Themore,thebetter.

越多越好。

*Thebusier

heis,

thehappier

hefeels.

他越忙越高兴。2021/5/919

3.“

more(less)than

”表示

“不止，不到”

*Sheismorethanthirty.

她三十多岁了。

*Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.

最轻的不到五十公斤。2021/5/920

4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”

*Theproblemis

moreorless

solved.

这个问题差不多已经解决了。

*Isitstraight?–Moreorless.

它直吗？–差不多吧。2021/5/9216)注意点

形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词

*Thispenisshorterthanthatone.*TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.2021/5/9223.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级*Whoistaller,MaryorJane?*Whichisbiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?2021/5/9237)掌握几种同义句转换

1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

=

Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.

=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.

=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.2021/5/924

3.IprefermathstoEnglish.

=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.

4.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.=Theboxisnotlightenoughforhimtocarry.2021/5/925Exercises2021/5/926

选择()1Whogetshomeusually____inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate()2Themorewelookedatthepicture,____.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter()3Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlierABB2021/5/927()4Don’tworry.Yourbabyislookedafter____here,thenursearevery____.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care()5Theideabecame____.Hewantedtotry____.A.strangly,itoutB.strangly,outitC.strange,itoutD.strange,outit()6Beijingis____biggestcitiesinChina.A.thefirstB.oneofC.thesecondD.secondBCC2021/5/928用词的适当形式填空1Heworksvery__________.He__________hasarestonSunday.(hard)2__________,hedidn’tfailintheexam.(luck)3Hewasso__________thathecouldn’tbelievethis__________news.(surprise)4Hewon’tdoit.Iwon’tdoit,__________.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither2021/5/9295Mr.Greenisfeeling__________enoughtogotowork.(good)6Theoldmanlooksvery_______________thanyouthink.(friend)7Thisboxisnotso______asthatone.(heavy)8Lucyjumped__________ofthefour.(high)wellmorefriendlyheavyhighest2021/5/930Pronouns代词2021/5/931代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns

物主代词PossessivePronouns

反身代词SelfPronouns

不定代词IndefinitePronouns

指示代词DemonstrativePronouns

疑问代词InterrogativePronouns2021/5/932人称代词PersonalPronouns

数单数

复数人称一二三一二三主格

I

youheshe

itweyouthey宾格me

you

himherit

us yourthem2021/5/9331.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格

*

Theyalllikehimverymuch.

他们都很喜欢他。

*

Shegavethebookstoyouandme.

这些书是她送给你和我的。2021/5/9342.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格

*

Who’sknockingatthedoor?

–It’sme.

谁敲门？-是我。

3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”

*

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜欢音乐。2021/5/9354.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等

*

Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.

我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。

*

Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.

轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。2021/5/9365.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等

*

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天气怎么样？-有风。

*

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2021/5/9376.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳

*

It’shardtoreachtheapples.

很难够到苹果。

*

It’sgoodforyoutaking

awalkaftersupper.

对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。2021/5/938物主代词PossessivePronouns

形容词性名词性

my mine

youryours

hishisher hers

itsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs2021/5/9391.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语

*

Mybrotherisaworker.

我弟弟是个工人。

*

His

parentsareveryfriendly.

他的父母非常友善。2021/5/940

2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语

*

Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.

这字典是谁的？-我的。

*

Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.

我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.

你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。2021/5/9413.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词

注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。

*

Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks

=ours)

*Thisisnotourroom.Ours

isoverthere.

(ourroom=ours)2021/5/9424.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属

*

Asisterof

his

isanurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。

*

Tomis

afriendof

mine

我的一个朋友2021/5/943反身代词SelfPronouns单数

myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数

ourselves yourselvesthemselves2021/5/944

1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语

*

Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.

他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。

*

Thatpoorboywasmyself.

那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

*

Hehimselfwasadoctor.

他本人就是一个大夫。

*

Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.

我能亲自算出这道题2021/5/9452.反身代词有以下常见搭配

enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime

byoneself=alone

helponeselfto…

learnsth.byoneself

=teachoneselfsth.

注意：oneself有单复数之分

*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.2021/5/946不定代词IndefinitePronouns

不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

★

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

★由some,any,no,every

等构成的合成代词2021/5/947几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词

1.some/any★some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

★

any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?2021/5/948

注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?

你想要些肉吗？*MayIasksomequestions?

我可以问问题吗？*CouldIhavesomeapples?

我可以吃苹果吗？

*

Willyougivemesomewater?

你能给我些水吗？2021/5/9492.many/much

★

many

修饰或指代复数名词

*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.

*

Many

ofuslikeplayinggames.

★

much

修饰或指代不可数名词

*

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.2021/5/9503.another/other

★

another

泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个

*

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

★

other

后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的

*

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?2021/5/9514.

theother/others/theothers

★

theother

1.特指两个中的另一个

*

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.2021/5/952★others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.

*

Someareplayingbasketball,others

areplayingfootball.★theothers

特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.2021/5/9535.few/afew/little/alittle

★

few/afew

修饰可数名词

little/alittle

修饰不可数名词

★

few,

little

表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”

afew,

alittle

表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”

2021/5/954

*

Therearefew

peoplelivinghere.

这里几乎没人住。

*

Thereareafew

studentsintheclassroom.

教室里有一些学生。

*

Iknowlittle

English.

我不懂英语。

*

Thereisalittle

milkinthebottle.

瓶子里有些牛奶。2021/5/955

★

few

和

little

与

quite或

only连用时，常加不定冠词

a

*

Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.

图书馆里颇有些新书。2021/5/956

6.every/each

★

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用

*Everychildlikesplayinggames.

★

each

表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用

*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Each

ofthemhasaniceskirt.2021/5/957

7.all/none

★

all

“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前

*

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

★

none

“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）

*

None

ofusis/areafraidofdogs.2021/5/958

8.both/either/neither

★

both

“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsareboth

teachers.

=Both

ofmyparentsareteachers.

★

neither

“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

*

Neitheranswerisright.

2021/5/959★

either

“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Therearetreesoneither

sideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonboth

sidesofthestreet.2021/5/960

★有关词组及应用

A.bothof/eitherof/neitherof

*

Bothofthemswimwell.

他们俩都游得很好。*EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。

*Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他们俩谁都不停下来休息。2021/5/961

B.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）

either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)*BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年级。*Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。

*

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都没空。2021/5/962

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置

*Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

*Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

*

Nobodycananswerthequestion.2021/5/963指示代词DemonstrativePronouns

表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物

that,those指在方位上较远的人或物

*Thisismyshirt,that’syours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2021/5/9642.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复

*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that

*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohear

that.2021/5/965疑问代词InterrogativePronouns

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语*What

makesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\

*Who(Whom)

wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\2021/5/966

*

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\

*

What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom

*Withwhom

didheplaygames?Withwho

didheplaygames?(错)2021/5/9672.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone

=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.2021/5/968改错1Don’tworry.Thereislittletimeleft.2Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme.3Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,anotherisblack.Don’tworry.Thereisalittletimelef