写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Unit7SocialProblems2021/5/91UnitObjectivesDefinitionofcause&effectFunctionofcause&effectFeaturesofcause&effectOrganizationofcause&effectHowtochooserightexamplesTransitionalphrases2021/5/92Warm-upActivities

---collegestudents’takingpart-timejobsReasonsshortofpocketmoneyrelievefinancialburdensofferhelptosomefellowstudentswhoareinfinancialdifficultiesprepareforjobsinthefutureResultshavetospendpreciousstudytimeinfindingordoingpart-timejobsloseinterestinginlearningmaydogoodtoacademicstudiesgainexperienceorknowledgethatcannotbeobtainedfrombooks2021/5/93Definitionofcause&effectSoundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanyanalysis.Inpresentingcauseandeffect,weshouldtrytobeobjective.Overstatingorunderstatingourpositionwouldonlymaketheanalysisunconvincing.Itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenexplainthecauses.Thereverseorder,however,istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstovariouseffects.1.Tostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.2.Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffect.2021/5/94Functionofcause&effectCauseandeffectservesasausefulmeanstodescribeoranalyzephenomena,problems,influences,etc.2.Weoftenfindourselvesinsituationswhereweneedtodiscusscausesoreffectsinordertobetterunderstandwhatisbeingdiscussed:places,people,features,advantagesordisadvantages.3.Howtoexpresscause-and-effectrelationshipseffectivelyiscrucialtomeaningfulcommunication.2021/5/95EffectCause1Cause2CauseEffect1Effect3Effect2Featuresofcause&effect2021/5/96FillouttheformswiththeappropriateandrelevantinformationLikeEnglishinhighschoolbeeasytofindajobaftergraduationhaveanunclewhooncemajoredinEnglishbegoodatlanguagelearninglessincomeemployersdonotlikeitsaveenergymorefreetime2021/5/97Studythefollowingwordsandphrasesanddividethemintothefollowing2groups.

nowthat,thereasonfor,thanksto,becausesince,as,dueto,becauseof,owingtoconsequently,therefore,so,asaresult,thusitfollowsthat,accordingly,hence,sothat2021/5/98Sample1-P67Questions1.Thisparagraphisdevelopedaroundtheproblemof“thelackofparking”complainedaboutbyUScityresidents.2.Singleeffectandmultiplecauses.Inthisway,thewritingshowsalogicalcause-and-effectpattern,whichmightconsequentlyattractmoreconcernoreffortsintheproblem’ssolution.3.The3causesarepresentedfromthemostdirecttothemostindirect.2021/5/991.______________________________2.Morecarsareconstantlyproduced.3.______________________________CausesEffectLackofparkingincitiesOveramillioncarsareabandonedonthestreets.BothcitygovernmentsorgovernmentalagencieshavefinancialheadachesSuperficial/directDeepest/indirect2021/5/910Sample2P68Questions1.Theproblemaddressesreferstotheissueofterroristattacks.Thisissuehasbroughtaboutatleastthreemajoraspectsofconsequenceoreffect.2.Theparagraphaddressesthecauseratherthaneffectsrightatthebeginning.3.No.Itfollowsapatternofsinglecauseandmultipleeffects.UnlikeSample1inwhicheffectisaddressedfirstandcausesaretracedbackwards,Sample2statesbrieflyatthebeginningtheissueofterroristattacksasadirectcause,andthendwellsuponthreemajoreffects,somefactualandsomepredicted.2021/5/911CauseEffectsTheterroriststrikes1.TheAmericansfeelveryanxiousandpanicky.2.Thegovernmenttrendstomakepoliticalerrors.3.Thepublicwouldwindupignoringtheonewarningthatreallymatters.2021/5/912LackofregulationTiger’spower/beauty/mysteryCauseEffectsEffect-causeDisastershappeningtochildrenTigersprivatelykeptaspetsinTexasLotsofundertrainedtigerownersNeglectofcommitmentabandonment2021/5/913Linkingphrasesforcause/effectJustas…is…Theresultisthat……ispreciselywhy……maybeamongotherreasonsTransitionalphrasesCause/ReasonEffect/Impact…maybeamongotherreasonsThanksto…Account/findsomereasonforAttributeAtoBBeduetoseveralfactorsBepartlycausedby…Bepreciselywhy…Why…?Foronething…Tostemfromthefactthat…Toview…asaresponseto……factorsweighheavilyfor…Anotherimportantreasonis……isthenetresultItleavessomeseriousconsequences.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.Theeffectisevident.Theimmediateresultitproducesis…Theinfluenc