名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案gh

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit’scoldout?Scientistssayyourbrainistoblame.AstudyconductedbyscientistsfromNorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersomeexplanationsforthisphenomenon.Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularlyinthemorning.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhytemperatureissovitaltoregulatesleep,”saidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences.Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime“absolutecold”receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonlybelowthefly’s“comfortzone”ofabout25°C．Havingrecognizedthoseneurons,theresearchersfollowedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsareasmallgroupofbrainneuronsthatarepartofalargernetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronstheydiscoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnormallyaremadeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.“Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,”saidGallio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafewintheworldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies.“Theprincipleswearefindingintheflybrain,thelogicandorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindsomereferenceinformationinthisstudy.”5．Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?A．Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.B．Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.C．Coldnessstopsflies’neuronsfromfunctioningwell.D．Flies’neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.6．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork.B．Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.C．Itaimsatsolvinghumans’sleepingproblems.D．Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrains.7．Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?A．Itsantenna.B．Itstargetcells.C．Its“absolutecold”receptors.D．Itsnetworkcontrollingsleep.8．What’sGallio’sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthefindings?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Disappointed.CBCAForestshaveacrucialroleincoolingEarth’ssurfacebyabsorbingCO2likeasponge(海绵).Butonlytwo-thirdsoftheircoolingpowercomesfromtheirabilitytosuckinCO2andstoreit,accordingtoastudybyDeborahLawrence,anenvironmentalscientist.Theotherone-thirdcomesfromthebiophysicaleffects—theirabilitytocreateclouds,dampentheairandreleasecoolingchemicals.Treesintheforestsprovideshade,buttheyalsodampentheairbypullingwaterfromthegroundandreleasingitfromtheirleaves,whichhelpstocoolthesurroundingareainawaysimilartosweating,Lawrencesays.This,inturn,createstherightconditionsforclouds,which,likesnowandiceintheArctic,canreflectsunlighthigherintotheatmosphereandfurthercoolthesurroundings.Treesalsoreleaseorganiccompoundsthatreactwithotherchemicalsintheatmospheretosometimescreateanetcoolingeffect.Toquantify(量化)theseeffects，Lawrenceandhercolleaguescomparedhowthevariouseffectsofforestsaroundtheworldfeedintotheclimatesystem,breakingdowntheircontributionsinrangesoftendegreesoflatitude(纬度).Theresearchersfoundthattheworld’sforestscoolthesurfaceoftheplanetbyaround0.5℃becauseofbiophysicaleffectsalone.Threatstorainforestsaredangerousnotonlyfortheglobalclimate,butforcommunitiesthatneighbourtheforests,Lawrencesays.Sheandhercolleaguesfoundthatthecoolingcausedbybiophysicaleffectswasespeciallysignificantlocally.Havingarainforestnearbycanhelptoprotectanarea’sagricultureandcitiesfromheatwaves,Lawrencesays.“Everytenthofadegreemattersinlimitingextremeweather.Andwhereyouhaveforests,theextremesareminimized.”Thisstudyconfirmsthatforestshaveothersignificantwaysofaffectingtheclimatesystm,givingusmorereasonswhydeforestationisbadfortheclimate.Itcouldenablescientiststoimprovetheirclimatemodels,whilehelpinggovernmentstoworkoutbetterconservationandclimatestrategies.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3referto?A.Thetreeleavesinforests.B.Theshadeprovidedbytrees.C.Thesurroundingareainforests.D.Thewatercirculationdonebytrees.33.HowdidLawrencequantifythebiophysicaleffectsofforests?A.Byremovingsomeotherfactors.B.Bycomparingdataofdifferenttimes.C.Bystudyingthecontributionsseparately.D.Bymeasuringthetemperatureindifferentplaces.34.WhatisthesignificanceofLawrence’sstudy?A.Itdevelopsanewclimatemodel.B.Itmattersinlimitingextremeweather.C.Ithighlightsthedangersofdefor