2021英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档Unit-2

概要写作概要是包含文本主要信息的简本，其目的是向读者提供有关文章大意的简短而清晰的报告。目前，高考试题中的概要写作要求考生根据一篇350词以内的短文，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的主旨大意。[写作步骤]第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)1．概要写作的第一步便是阅读短文并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。归纳主旨大意，是为了整体上把握语篇要义，有利于区分主次、剔除细节信息。2．确定段落主旨句时，要兼顾语篇大背景，即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨，将段落主旨纳入语篇主旨的架构中。不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句，有的段落主旨句需要根据段落内容予以归纳和概括。阅读语篇时，根据不同的文体可采取以下方法归纳主旨大意：记叙文圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)第二步：提炼关键词1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是mainideas，哪些是supportingideas，examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2．削减事例，尽量减少实例并省略细节。第三步：合并和改写1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数，并最终连句成文。[注意事项]1．词数要限制在60左右。2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。4．写作时尽可能地使用自己的语言，不得照搬照抄原文。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Yourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.Itisanimportantsignofwhatishappeninginyourbody—physically，emotionallyandmentally.Soundsstrange?Itistrueandhereinthisarticleweshalldiscusscertainthingsthatyourhungeristryingtotellyou.Whenyoufeelhungry，trytofigureoutifyouarereallyhungry.Sometimeswhenyouthinkthatyouarehungry，youmightbethirsty.Itispossiblethatyouhavebeendehydrated(脱水)foralongtimeandyourbodyissendingasignalthroughyourhunger.Soinsteadofeating，goforwaterandquenchyourthirstattheearliest.Ifyoufeelhungryallthetime，itcouldmeanthatyouaredepriving(剥夺)yourselfofcertainfoodsandhencethebodyiscravingforthese.Ifyouareonastrictdiet，thengoforfoodsandlegumesrichinproteinalongwithcomplexcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)likequinoaandbrownricethatwilltakeyoualongtimetodigestandwillkeepyoufullforalongperiodoftime.Youmightgethungryforacertainkindoffoodonlyattimes.Thisisbecauseyoubecomeemotionalaboutcertainfoods.Forexample，ifyouarehappyandcelebratingyouranniversary，youmightenduphavingadesireforthecakethatyouboughttocelebratethespecialoccasion.Thisiscalledemotionaleating.Sometimesyourhungermightmeanthatyouneedtotakeabreak.Whenyouendupworkingatastretch，andyoudonotrealizethatyourbodyneedsrest，youcanendupfeelinghungryasitisawayyourbodyistellingyoutobreakfreefromwork.Sometimeswhenyouareboredorstressedout，youmightfeelhungry.Itisthebody'swayoftellingyouthatyouneedachangeofscene.Goout，takeawalk，talktoyourdearestfriendorsimplytakesomedeepbreaths.Evenafterthis，ifyoufeelhungry，doeat.【参考范文】Manyfactorscanexplainwhyyourhungerdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouarereallyhungry.(要点1)First，whenyouarethirstyandhavingadesireforacertainfood，youwillfeelhungry.(要点2)Besides，youmightbehungrywhenyoubecomeemotionalaboutcertainfoodsonsomespecialoccasions.(要点3)Moreover，lackofrestorfeelingboredandstressedoutcanalsoleadtoyourhunger.(要点4)1．Lifeistheonlyfortune. —Laski生命是唯一的财富。 ——拉斯基2．Ifyoucanmakegooduseof，lifeislong. —Seneca如能善于利用，生命乃悠长。 ——塞涅卡3．CherishLifewillcherishtoday.珍惜生命就要珍惜今天。4．Don'twastelifeindoubtsandfears. —Emerson不要把生命浪费于怀疑与恐惧中。 ——爱默生5．Lifeisapreciousthing，deathisthegreatestevil. —Henie生命是珍贵之物，死是最大的罪恶。 ——海涅Comparedtotheuniverse，ourlivesarereallyshort，justlikeametre.Butthemeaningoflifedoesn'tdependonitslengthbutcontributions.Forexample，MarieCurie，inordertofindtheradium，shedevotedherwholelifetotheresearch.Thoughtheradioactiveelementhadshortenedherlife，shenevergaveuphermindtoservetheworld.Accordingtoherstory，Iconcludethatthemeaningoflifeiscontribution.Thestandardofjudgingalifeisn'thowmuchheasksforbuthowmuchhegivesaway.Oneday，abouttenyearsago，whileworkingatthecashregisterinthegiftshopatmyUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory，Isawanelderlycouplecomeinwithalittlegirlinawheelchair.AsIlookedcloseratthisgirl，Ifoundthatshewasfixedonherchair.Ithenrealizedshehadnoarmsorlegs，justahead，aneckandherupperbody，dressedinalittlewhiteskirt.Asthecouplewheeledheruptome，Iturnedmyheadtowardsthegirl.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents，Ilookedbackatthegirl，whowasgivingmethemostoptimisticsmileIhadeverseen.Allofasudden，herhandicapwasgoneandallIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl，whosesmilejustmeltedmeandalmostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.Shetookmefromapoor，unhappycollegestudenttoherworld：aworldofsmiles，loveandwarmth.I'masuccessfulbusinessmannowandwheneverIthinkaboutthetroublesoftheworld，Ithinkaboutthatlittlegirlandtheremarkablelessonaboutlifethatshetaughtme.[探究发现]1．Trytothinkoftheauthor'sthoughtatthefirstsightofthedisabledgirl.Shemusthavegonethroughlotsofhardshipandisleadinganunhappylife.2．Findoutwhatleftadeepimpressionontheauthorwhenhelookedbackatthegirl.Thegirl'smostoptimisticsmile.3．Findoutwhatimportantlessonstheauthorgotfromthegirl.Whatevertroubleswemeetinthelife，weshouldbeoptimisticandlovethelife.阅读教材P20－21课文，选出最佳选项1．WheredoyouthinkthechildrenfindtheBlueBird?A．AtTyltyl'shome.B．TheLandofMemory.C．ThePalaceofNight.D．Intheforest.2．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A．Happinesscannotbefoundintheforest.B．Thechildrenaretoosilly.C．Happinessisaroundusifwearereadytohelpothers.D．Thelittlegirlispoor.[答案]1－2ACWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)cooperatevi合作，协作[教材P18]Itiseasiertoachievesomethingifyoucooperatewithsomeoneelse.如果你和别人合作，就更容易达成目标。[例1]Thecyclingteamareshowingtheirabilitytocooperatewitheachother.这个自行车队在展示他们相互合作的能力。[例2]Thatcompanyisdifficulttocooperatewith,becausetheytakeagestomakedecisions.与那家公司合作不容易，因为他们需要花很长的时间做决定。[造句]如果我们大家合作，我们很快就会完成。Ifweallcooperate，we'llsoonfinish.[知识拓展]cooperatewith 和……合作cooperatetodo 合作(协力)做……cooperationn. 合作cooperativeadj. 合作的；协作的n. 合作社cooperatorn. 合作者，协力者[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewascooperative(cooperate)andhelpedthepolicecatchthecriminal.②Weneedinternationalcooperation(cooperate)inthismatter.③Alloftheclasscooperatedtoraise(raise)therabbit.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)with的复合结构[教材P20]TheydancemerrilyaroundtheCHILDREN，thentheonewhoappearstobethechiefgoesuptoTYLTYLwithhandoutstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞，然后那个看起来是酋长的人，伸出手向狄蒂尔走去。[例1]Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.他闭目坐在那儿。[例2]Thethiefwasforcedintothepoststationwithhishandstiedback.贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。[造句]物价飞涨，我们买不起奢侈品。Withpricesgoingupsofast，wecannotaffordluxuries.[知识拓展]with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词；(2)with＋宾语＋副词；(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语；(4)with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行，且宾语与动词是主动关系；(5)with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生，且宾语与动词是被动关系；(6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen(steal)．②Withthecrowdscheering(cheer)，theydrovetothepalace.③Withnoonetotalk(talk)to，Johnfeltmiserable.④Withtheoldmanleadingus(有那位老人带路)，wegottothetopofthemountaineasily.⑤Thevillageisbeautifulwiththetreescoveredwithwhitesnow(树林都披上了银装)．⑥Withmuchworktodo(有那么多的工作要做)，hewenttothefactoryaheadoftime.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)burstout突然发生；突然……起来[教材P20]AlltheotherHAPPINESSESburstoutlaughing.所有的幸福小精灵都突然大笑起来。[例1]Hearingthis，thewholeclassburstoutlaughingandmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.听到这个，全班同学都大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。[例2]Whenhereachedthefinalline，everyoneburstoutcrying.他说到最后一句话的时候，大家都突然大哭起来。[造句]全班突然大笑起来。Thewholeclassburstoutlaughing.[知识拓展]burstoutdoing(laughing/crying)＝burstinto＋n.(laughter/tears) 突然(大笑/大哭)起来burstin 突然闯进；突然插嘴burstinto... 闯入……burstwithanger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支表示“闯入”时，burstin是不及物动词短语，若加宾语需加介词on，而burstinto是及物动词短语。[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①Seeingtheirdaughter'scomingback，theparentsburstintotears(放声大哭)．②Hefelthewouldburstwithangerandshame.③Thedooropenedsuddenlyandthechildrenburstin．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)everytime引导时间状语从句[教材P21]...youwillseehimeverytimeyougotothewindow...……每一次你走向窗户时，你就能看见他……[例1]Hermottowas“EverytimeIopenmymouth，Iputmyfootinit.”她的座右铭是“每次我一开口，我都会说错话。”[例2]Everytimehearrivedhome，we'dgreethimatthedoor.每一次他到家时，我们都会在门口迎接他。[造句]每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散。Everytimetheywentdancingtheyendedupinabadmood.[知识拓展](1)everytime是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：anytime“任何时候”，nexttime“下次……时”，thelasttime“最后一次”，the＋序数词＋time“第……次”。(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)意为“一……就……”(4)on/upondoingsth.“一……就……”[即学即练]完成句子①Thefirsttime(第一次)hecametothecity，hedecidedtosettlethere.②Youarewelcometocomebackanytime(任何时候)youwantto.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)leanv．前俯(或后仰)；倾斜；倚靠；靠在；靠置；使斜靠[教材P21]EnterNEIGHBOURBERLINGOT，alittleoldwomanleaningonastick.邻居Berlingot，一位瘦小的老太太拄着拐杖进来了。[例1]Thetowerisleaningslightly.那座塔稍微有点倾斜。[例2]Ihaveafriendwhoalwaysseemedtoleanslightlytotheleftallthetime.我有一个朋友，他似乎总是微微向左倾斜。[造句]她倚靠着她儿子的手臂缓慢行走。Shewalkedslowly，leaningonherson'sarm.[知识拓展](1)leanagainst/on 倚着；靠着(2)leanon/upon 依赖；依靠(3)leantosth. 倾向于……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①CanIleanmybikeagainstthewall?②Healwaysleansonmeforhelp(依赖我帮助)．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)addressn．地址；称呼；致辞；讲话；演讲v.称呼；发表演说；写地址；处理/解决问题[教材P21]Steppingtothefrontofthestageandaddressingtheaudience.走到舞台前面，向观众致辞。[例1]Headdressedthecrowdgravely.他严肃地向观众致辞。[例2]Heisduetoaddressaconferenceonhumanrightsnextweek.他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。[造句]他马上就要在大会上发表演说了。Heisgoingtoaddressthemeetinginaminute.[知识拓展](1)addresssth.(tosb.) 在给某人的信上写上地址(2)addresssb. 向某人致辞/向……说话(3)addresssb.as/tobe... 称呼某人为……[即学即练]写出address的含义①MostpeoplecallmeBob.HowdoIaddressyou？称呼②Mr.HowardgaveanaddressoneconomicstrategiesinAsia.演讲③Thereisaletteraddressedtoyou.写地址④Thenextmeetingwilladdresstheproblemoftruancy.解决标题归纳题记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis．一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。解题技巧1．“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。[典例]StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter，includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台)．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds，plastic­bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'arguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags，whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic­baguseitcancelsout.However，longer­lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.★Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic，PaperorNeitherB．Industry，PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAwayD．GarbageCollectionandWasteControlA[本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。文章对这三个方面进行了对比，Plastic，PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题，故选A。][对点训练]AIfacitywantstoholdtheOlympics，itmustsubmitaproposaltotheIOC.Afterallproposalshavebeensubmitted，theIOCvotes.Ifnocitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated(淘汰)，thevotingcontinues，untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.Typically，theGamesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance，allowingthewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.InselectingthesiteoftheOlympicGames，theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors，andchieflyamongthemiswhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelytostagetheGameseffectively.TheIOCalsoconsiderswhichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames.Forinstance，Tokyo，thehostofthe1964SummerGames，andBeijing，thatofthe2008Games，werechoseninparttopopularizetheOlympicmovementinAsia.Becauseofthegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide，theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakenintoaccountthehostcity'stimezone.WhenevertheGamestakeplaceintheUSAorCanada，forexample，Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopayspeciallyhigheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghours.OncetheGameshavebeenawarded，itisthedutyofthelocalorganizingcommittee—nottheIOCortheNOCofthehostcity'scountrytoprovidethemwithmoney.ThisisoftendonewithapartoftheOlympictelevisionrevenues(收入)，andcorporatesponsorships，ticketssales，andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmanycasesthereisalsodirectgovernmentsupport.AlthoughmanycitieshavegainedamountsofmoneybyhostingtheGames，theOlympicscanbefinanciallyrisky.IfthefinancialgainsfromtheGamesarelessthanexpected，thecitywillbeleftwithlargedebts.★Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．WinnerorLoserB．ApplyingforHostfortheOlympicsC．HowtoHosttheOlympicGamesD．TheOlympicGamesB[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。]BTheDetroitSymphonyOrchestrawillbeperformingworksbyGeorgesBizetonFridaymorning.Youmightenjoyclassicalmusicandliketoattendtheperformance，butlivefarawayfromAmerica'sMotorCity.OnSaturday，theGoGogroupCurtisJohnsonisperformingattheKennedyCenterinWashingtonDC.Ifyouliveoverseas，goingtothatshowisprobablyoutofthequestion.Butthereisasolution!Theseandotherconcertsareavailable“live”ontheInternet.Youcanheartheminrealtimewithanelectronicdevice.BothperformanceswillbeavailableontheWorldWideWeb.Theyarepartofagrowingnumberofconcertsbroadcastoncomputers，tabletsandsmartphones.Thesedigitalconcertsareknownaslive­streaming.TechnologyexpertMichaelAntonoffsaysbetterandlesscostlyequipmentismakingiteasierforperformersandtheaterstooffermusic“live”online.“Thequalityofthesoundandvideopicturesareimprovingallthetime，”hesays.“Thoseonlineconcertsnowhaveasmanyas40，000viewerspershow.Peoplein100nationsarewatching.Itisahugepartofourincreasingglobalreach.”“Forinternationalperformers，KennedyCenterofficialsseeajumpinonlineviewershipfromthehomecountriesoftheperformer.ThereishometownpridewhenanartistisperformingatoneofAmerica'sbest­knownconcerts，”saystheKennedyCenter'sGarthRoss.AtarecentKennedyCenterconcert，aperformersaidhewassohappythathisdisabledmotherbackinCaliforniacouldwatchhisperformance.“Itisnotjustmusicbeingstreamedontheweb.OnDecember10，theproducerofmusical‘DaddyLongLegs’puttheshowonthewebfreeofcharge.ItwasthefirstlivewebcastofaNewYorkmusical.Over150，000peoplefrom135nationswatched，”producerKenDavenportsaid.Inotherwords，itwouldtakehismusical2.7yearsofsold­outperformancestodrawthatmanypeople.★Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ASolutiontoLiveConcertProblemsB．DetroitSymphonyOrchestra'sPerformanceC．AmericanConcertsAvailableWorldwideD．DevelopmentofMusicElectronicDeviceC[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国音乐会接入互联网全球直播，让更多的观众欣赏到表演。故C项为最佳标题。]1．weakadj.虚弱的→weaklyadv.虚弱地→weakenv．(使)虚弱→weaknessn．弱点；虚弱2．pessimismn．悲观；悲观主义→pessimistn．悲观主义者→pessimisticadj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimisticallyadv.悲观地3．anticipatev．预期，预料→anticipatedadj.预料中的；预期的→anticipationn．预料；预期4．possessv．拥有；占有→possessionn．财产，财物→possessorn．拥有者；持有者5．recognisev．识别→recognitionn．承认，认可→recognisableadj.可辨认的→recognisablyadv.可被辨认地1．possessionn．财产，财物；具有，拥有；持有违禁物品①Shewaschargedwithpossession.持有违禁物品②Thepossessionofapassportisessentialforforeigntravel. 具有/拥有③Helostallhispossessionsinthefire. 财产2．recognitionn．承认，认可；认出；赏识①Heglancedbrieflytowardsherbuttherewasnosignofrecognition.认出②Thereisageneralrecognitionoftheurgentneedforreform.认可③Hereceivedtheawardinrecognitionofhissuccessoverthepastyear. 赏识WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)farfrom远非[教材P14]Infact，farfrombeingabookaboutdeath，it'sabookaboutlife.事实上，这不是一本关于死亡的书，而是一本关于生命的书。[例1]Ifyougettoknowhim，youwillfindheisfarfromafool.如果你和他熟悉了，就会发现他一点也不傻。[例2]Sofarwehavedonealottobuildalow­carboneconomy，butitisfarfromideal.Wehavetoworkstillharder.到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来建立一个低碳经济，但它离理想还很远。我们还要更努力地工作。[造句]事实远非如此。Itisfarfromthetruth.[知识拓展]farfrom＋n./adj. 离……很远；远离；远非……farfromdoingsth. 决不会做某事farfromit 完全相反；远非如此[即学即练]单句语法填空①Yourexamresultsarefarfromsatisfactory.It'stimeforyoutodoubleyoureffort.②Farfromimproving(improve)thesituation，youhavejustmadeitworse.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)anticipatev．预期，预料，期待；预先准备；预先做；(还没拿到手的钱)预先用掉[教材P14]AsMorrieanticipateshisowndeath,heobserveseverythingasthoughthroughneweyes—thethingsaroundhimseemmorebeautifulthaneverbeforeandholdnewmeanings.当莫里预见到自己的死亡时，他仿佛用新的眼睛观察一切——他周围的事物似乎比以往任何时候都更加美丽，并有了新的含义。[例1]Atthetimewecouldn'thaveanticipatedtheresultofourcampaigning.那时我们不可能预料到我们这项运动的结果。[例2]Ianticipated(thattherewouldbe)trouble.我预料会有麻烦。[造句]我预料会下雨，所以带了雨伞。Ianticipatedtherainbytakinganumbrella.[知识拓展]anticipatedoingsth. 期待(期盼)做．....anticipate＋n./that... 期待(期盼)Itisanticipatedthat... 据预测……inanticipation 预先地；期待地inanticipationof 预期……，期待……[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ianticipateseeing(see)yousoon.②Heboughtextrafoodinanticipation(anticipate)ofmorepeoplecomingthanhehadinvited.③Itisanticipated/expected(据预测)thatmanypeoplewilllosttheirjobs.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)appreciatevt.理解；欣赏；感激[教材P14]Thisencouragesustoappreciatewhatwehave，andtomakethemostofeachday.这鼓励我们珍惜我们所拥有的，并充分利用每一天。[例1]WhatIfailedtoappreciatewasthedistancebetweenthetwocities.我没有意识到这两座城市间的距离。[例2]Idon'tthinkyouappreciatehowexpensiveitwillbe.我想你不了解它会有多昂贵。[造句]我们没有充分认识到他的病情很严重。Wedidn'tfullyappreciatethathewasseriouslyill.[知识拓展](1)appreciate(one's)doingsth. 欣赏/感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif... 如果……，我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn. 欣赏；感激注意：(1)appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词­ing形式作宾语。作“感激；感谢”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事或物；(2)appreciate之后不能直接跟if引导的从句，要先接it再跟if从句。like，hate，dislike，love，depend/relyon等动词之后接if/when从句有类似用法。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Idon'tappreciatebeingtreated(treat)likeasecond­classcitizen.②Ireallyappreciateyourcoming(come)overtohelpmewithmymath.③Inordertoleavesomeimpressivememoriesonallofusbeforegraduation，ourclassmadeaspecialvideotoexpressourappreciation(appreciate)ofourschool.④Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyapplication.[小片段填空]Iwouldliketoexpressmysincereappreciationtoyouforyourhelp.Thatistosay，Ireallyappreciateyourcomingovertohelpmewithmystudy.ButIwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmefinishmyhomework，please.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)possessionn．财产；财物[教材P15]Whileweareliving，wetendtogetdistractedbyunimportantthings，suchasgatheringmaterialpossessions.当我们活着的时候，我们往往会被一些不重要的事情分散注意力，比如收集物质财富。[例1]Theringisoneofhermosttreasuredpossessions.这枚戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。[例2]Theyareallmypersonalpossessions.这些都是我的私有财产。[造句]人们失去了自己的家园和所有的财物。Peoplehadlosttheirhomesandalltheirpossessions.[知识拓展](1)bepossessedof 具有(某种品质、能力等)(2)possessionn. 拥有，占有；(pl.)个人财产，私人物品inpossessionof 拥有……(主语是人)inthepossessionof (某物)为……所有take/havepossessionof 拥有……；占有……[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Weneedtorepairourpossessions(possession)insteadofthrowingthemaway.②Althoughhedoesn'thavemuchmoney，heispossessed(possess)ofgoodhealth.③Aprivatecollectorpossessestheoilpainting.→Theoilpaintingisinthepossessionofaprivatecollector.→Aprivatecollectorisinpossessionoftheoilpainting.→Aprivatecollectortakes/haspossessionoftheoilpainting.[小片段填空]Withhisbusinessgoingonwell，heatfirstpossessedbighousesandcars；andlaterhetookpossessionofstocksofdifferentcompanies.Eventually，hefoundthateverythinghedreamedofwasinhispossession．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)[教材P15]Despiteitswidespreadrecognition，myfirstimpressionwasthatTuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover­emotionalthoughtsandmessages，manyofwhicharerepeated.尽管获得了广泛的认可，但我的第一印象是，《相约星期二》这本书只是由一系列过度情绪化的想法和信息组成，其中很多都是重复的。(1)despiteprep.不管，不顾；尽管[例1]Despitethelarge­scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways，thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement，becauseoftheeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.尽管有了公路和高速路的大规模建设，仍然有很多改进的空间，因为这些年汽车数量在不断增长。[例2]Despitethefactthatmyparentshatedher，Istillaskedhertomarryme.尽管我的父母并不喜欢她，但我还是向她求婚了。[造句]尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。Despiteapplyingforhundredsofjobs，heisstilloutofwork.[知识拓展](1)despite＝inspiteof 尽管，不管despite/inspiteofthefactthat 尽管事实如此(2)regardlessof 不理会，不顾despite与inspiteof分别为介词和介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动名词作让步状语，不接从句(what从句除外)。而though/although为从属连词，引导让步状语从句。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ourschoolisverybeautifuldespitethefactthatitisverysmall.②Heservesthepublicwholeheartedly，regardlessofhispersonalgainorloss.③ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelifedespitehisgreatwealth.④Theirmindsarebrightalthoughtheirhandsandclothesaredirty.[小片段填空]Despitethefactthatnoagreementhasbeenreachedsofarbythetwosides，thegovernorgotahighbonus.Inspiteofhisconsiderablemoney，hemeasuredouteverydollarneededforhouseholdexpenses.(2)recognitionn．承认，认可；认出；赏识[例1]Ireceivedthismedalinrecognitionofmysportsskills.这枚奖牌是对我体育才能的认可。[例2]Thereisageneralrecognitionoftheurgentneedforreform.人们普遍认识到迫切需要改革。[造句]最后，她父亲的工作得到了大众的认可。Atlast，herfather'sworkhasreceivedpopularrecognition.[知识拓展](1)beyondrecognition 认不出来recognisev. 认出；认识(2)recognisesb./one'svoice 认出某人/听出某人的声音recognise...as/tobe... 承认/认为……是……berecognisedas/tobe... 被认作……；被认为是……Itisrecognisedthat... 人们公认……除了recognise...as/tobe...，表 示“认为……是……”的短语还有：①regard...as... ②consider...as...③see...as... ④view...as...⑤thinkof...as... ⑥lookon...as...⑦treat...as... ⑧thinkof...tobe...[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Thepolicemanworecasualclothes.Therefore，hecouldentershopwithoutbeingrecognised(recognise)．②Iwentbacktomyhometown20yearslaterandthecityhadchangedbeyondallrecognition(recognise)．③Itisrecognisedthatenvironmentalpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.→Environmentalpollutionisrecognisedtohavebecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.(用sth.berecognisedto...改写)(3)makeup组成；编造；和解；化妆；弥补[例1]Ourclassismadeupof50livelyboysandgirls，whoarewarmandgenerousandreadytoofferhelp.我们班由50个活泼的男孩和女孩组成，他们热情、慷慨并且愿意提供帮助。[例2]Theymakeupone­thirdoftheprovince'spopulation.他们占据了全省人口的三分之一。[造句]我们要组成一个像这样的新家庭。We'llmakeupanewfamilylikethis![知识拓展]makeupfor 弥补；补偿bemadeupof 由……组成makeout 辨认出，弄清；理解makesense 有意义，讲得通makeit 成功；赶上；做到makeupone'smindtodosth. 下定决心做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.②Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeoutwhatitis.③Shespentanhourmakingup(花一个小时化妆)beforetheparty.④Youareresponsibleforthemoneyandyouwillhavetomakeupfortheloss(弥补损失)．[小片段填空]Ihavemadeupmymindtomakeupforthelosttime.SoImadeaplan，whichismadeupof3parts.Tocarryitoutbetter，Iwantyoutosuperviseme.Youcangothroughit.Ifthereissomethingthatyoucannotmakeout，Iwillexplainittoyou.IbelievethatIwillmakeitwithyourhelp.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)recommendv．推荐；建议[教材P15]Althoughitisn'tmyfavouritebook，I'dstillrecommendthatpeoplereadit—afterall，itissomethingthat'sabitdifferent!虽然它不是我最喜欢的书，但我还是建议人们读它——毕竟，它有点不同！[例1]Irecommend(that)heseealawyer.我建议他去找个律师。[例2]Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachinesshouldbecheckedeveryyear.强烈建议一定把机器每年检修一次。[造句]医生建议我在医院多待几天。ThedoctorrecommendedthatIshouldstayafewmoredaysinhospital.[知识拓展](1)recommendsth.tosb.＝recommendsb.sth. 向某人推荐某物recommendsb.as 推荐某人担任……(2)recommendsb.todosth. 建议/劝某人做某事recommenddoingsth. 建议做某事recommendthat...(should)do... 建议……(应该)做……(3)recommendationn. 建议；推荐[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thedoctorstronglyrecommendedlimiting(limit)theamountoffatinmydiet.②Werecommendthatyou(should)purchase(purchase)travelinsuranceonallholidays.③Herecommendedtheyoungmantoourfirm，anditisbecauseofhisrecommendation(recommend)thatwehaveanexcellentworkernow.④IwouldliketorecommendLiHuatobe/as(推荐李华为)theleaderofthebasketballclub.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)warningn．警告；告诫[教材P15]Warning!Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!警告！看完这本书需要一盒纸巾！[例1]Doctorsissuedawarningagainsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.医生发出警告说不要吃在那条河里捕的鱼。[例2]Thebridgecollapsedwithout(any)warning.那座桥在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌了。[造句]士兵们在没有发出警告的情况下开了枪。Thesoldiersfired