2018年10月5日五夜十篇讲义

Constitution:TheFirst :TheForthAmendment隐私保：TheSecondAmendment控枪（支持公民拥有）传统！：DemocraticParty /Theleft /TheLiberalRepublicanParty /TheRight TheGun 行：ExecutiveTheFederalernmentTheWashingtonTheObamaAdministrationTheTrumpAdministrationTheAdministrationTheTheWhiteHouseTheUnitedStatesTheFBITheCIATheTheFederalReserveThecentral ThesenateHouse=TheSenate101(TheviceThesenateThe TheFederalSupremeNine (8Justices+1chiefThehighcourt(高级)Thedistrictcourt（区）UnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit(CAFC)（专利ThepatentCaselawprecedent-settingcodelawCheckandbalance制衡①Onafivetothreevote，theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday—amodestvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.KnockoutVoidNullification②ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalernmentandthe主干thedecisionwasan8-0①InArizonavs.UnitedStates，themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialntohavestateandlocalen federalimmigrationlaw.themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialnStates（tohavestateandlocalenfederalimmigrationlaw.（定语）②TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Washingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleoffederallawsprecedestatelawsareNaturalization入籍（归化③Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepolicies/thatranparalleltotheexistingfederal ①JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals，ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.②Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberay“occupiedthefield”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.IntrudeonThreeprovisionsofArizona’snwereoverturnedbecausefederallawsprecedestatelawsare③Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepolicies/thatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones..［A］deprivedthefederalofConstitutional［B］disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferent［C］oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigration［D］contradictedboththefederalandstate①However,theJusticessaidthatArizonawouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenment.②That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenmentandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree，accordingto①TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice—SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas—agreedwithConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarules edwiththefederalthefederalstatute法StatueStatus地位：seekstatusandsecuritystatusquoTwoofthethreeobjectingJusticeagreedwiththisConstitutionalTwoofthethreeobjectingJusticedisagreedaboutwhichArizonarules edwiththefederalstatute投票的三个中有两位SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas同意这样一种逻辑，②TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia，whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.唯一的来自于AntoninScalia，他提供了对于州权利的更有力的捍卫，这种权利可以追溯到AlienandSedition系列法案。goingbacktotheAlienandSedition=ThestateprivilegesgobacktotheAlienandSeditionItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSedition ［A］violatedthe［C］supportedthefederal［D］stoodinfavorofthe①The8-0objectionto ObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.Aturnonturnon在这里的意思是：取决于，涉及到，依…而定=dependA=The8-0objectiontoB=whatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”whatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas(借用他在书中说的话“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutiveThe8-0objectionto Obamaturnson“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutiveThestudents’loveforJPPturnsonwhatAmandescribesinhisweiboas“JPP’strong”resemblancetothesanpang”Thestudents’loveforTangGodturnsonwhathehimselfdeclaredinhiscoursethatIcanguaranteeyourmathematiclearning“qingshuang”withme!②TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawsedwithitsenmentpriorities，evenifstateLawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Totheletter:StatueStatus地位：seekstatusandsecuritystatusquo ③Ineffect，theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Ineffect，theWhiteHouseclaimeditcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestateitdisagreeswiththestateTheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofen ［A］outweighsthatheldbythe［B］isdependentonthestates’［C］isestablishedbyfederal［D］rarelygoesagainststate①Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalernment，andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.②ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus，itcould.③Itneverdid④TheAdministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes，nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.⑤EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableWhatcanbelearnedfromthelast［A］Immigrationissuesareusuallydecidedby［B］Justicesintendedtocheckthepowerofthe［C］JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithWethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.”“我们合众国人民，为建立更完善的，树立正Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedout(否定)muchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday—amodestvictoryfortheObamaOverturn=knockoutamodest温和政Trumprigid周一以五比三的投票结果。否定了亚利桑那州法案中的多项条款。这对于来讲是一次微弱的政策的胜利。（也可以说是政府温和的政策的一次胜利）ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupset(打破)thebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalernmentandthestates.但是在跟重要的事务上，8:0的投票结果使得想要打破其与8:InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourprovisions(条款)ofArizona’scontroversialntohave（使）stateandlocalenfederalimmigrationlaw.1 当地去执行的法律。TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.TheConstitutionalprinciplesareWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleof（归化）”federallawsprecede（优先）stateArizonahadattemptedtofashion制定statepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.=n=lawStatelawranparalleltotheexistingfederalJusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun..OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthatCongresshaddeliberay“occupiedthefield”andArizonahadthusintrudedon()thefederal’sprivilegedoversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigration36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’snwereoverturnedbecausethey [A]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlawdisturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstatesDisturb=upsetdeprivedthefederalofConstitutionalpowers[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies第四段41whyHoweverHowevertheJusticessaidthat wouldbeallowedto有权，可以 verify(确认contactwithlaw可以 verify(确认contactwithlaw [C]States’[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationOnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.[B]Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information.[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenment.[D]Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenment.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenmentandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.5第五段Twoofthethreeobjecting（少数票）Justice—SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas—agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesedwiththefederalstatute(=law).TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivileges/goingbacktotheAlienandSeditionStateprivilegesgobacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.AlienandSeditionActsstoodinfavorofthestatesItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs [A]violatedtheConstitutionstoodinfavorofthestates[C]supportedthefederalstatute[D]underminedthestates'interestsThe8-0objectiontoObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheTheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'sedwith mentpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwith(遵守)federalstatutestotheletter（严格）.outweighsthatheldbytheIneffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.WhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidate（使…无效,）anystatelaw1）otherwise（即使）legitimatethatit（白宫）disagreesTheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofen [A]outweighsthatheldbythestatesisestablishedbyfederalstatutes[C]isdependentonthestates’support[D]rarelygoesagainststatelawsSomepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederal ernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheck（检查）immigrationstatus,itcould.ItneverdidTheadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.[D]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.[B]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.[D]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.Adealisadeal—except,apparently,whenEntergyis ,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestate’sstrictnuclearregulations.whenitannounceditwas（）alongstandingcommitment（承诺）toabideby（服从）thestate’sstrictnuclearregulations.(原因) ,amajorenergyrinNewInstead,the hasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnot:challengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.Instead, hasdonepreciselywhatithadlongitwouldnot:challengetheconstitutionality（）ofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.It’sastunningThehasbeensurfacing（出现）since2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.1）Thehasbeensurfacing（出现）since whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,the agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthegetgetpermissiontopurchasea the agreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.(2002agreement)27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto.[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulatorsseekfavorfromthefederallegislature[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerntIn2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionofthent’slicensebesubjecttotheVermontlegislature’sapproval.(anyextensionofthent’slicense)shouldbesubjecttotheVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too, wentEitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtoliveby(遵守)thosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringof（一系列）accidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin2007andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement—especiallyafterthe mademisleadingstatementsaboutthe28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits.[A]managerialpractices[B]technicalinnovativenessfinancial [D]businessEnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.1）theVermontSenatewasEnragedbyEntergy’s2)theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganNowthe issuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Thelegalissuesinthecasearewhereas()theSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthority（权力）overnuclearpower）3legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtest先验测试)ofhowfarthosepowersextend）thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewilltest.[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises[B]thenatureofstates’patchworkregulations[C]thefe