春节习俗英文表达

春节习俗英文表达------------------------------------春节习俗英文表达------------------------------------春节习俗英文表达春节习俗英文表达ChineseNewYearCelebrationisthemostimportantcelebrationoftheyear.ChinesepeoplemaycelebratetheChineseNewYearinslightlydifferentwaysbuttheirwishesarealmostthesame;theywanttheirfamilymembersandfriendstobehealthyandluckyduringnextyear.春节庆祝活动是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略微不同，但其愿望几乎是相同的，他们希望其家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。ChineseNewYearCelebrationusuallylastsfor15days.CelebratoryactivitiesincludeChineseNewFeast,firecrackers,givingluckymoneytochildren,theNewYearbellringingandChineseNewYearGreetings.MostofChinesepeoplewillstopthecelebratingintheirhomeonthe7thdayofNewYearbecausethenationalholidayusuallyendsaroundthatday,howevercelebrationsinpublicareascanlastuntilthe15thdayofNewYear.春节庆祝活动通常持续15天。庆祝活动包括春节的年夜饭，放鞭炮，给儿童压岁钱，春节钟声和春节问候。大多数中国人将在春节的第7天停止庆祝活动，因为全国性节假通常在这一天结束，但在公共场所的庆祝活动可能最终持续到正月十五。HouseCleaning房屋打扫TocleanhousesontheNewYearEveisaveryoldcustomdatingbacktothousandsofyearsago.Thedustistraditionallyassociatedwith“old”socleaningtheirhousesandsweepingthedustmeantobidfarewelltothe“old”andusherinthe“new”.DaysbeforetheNewYear,Chinesefamiliescleantheirhouses,sweepingthefloor,washingdailythings,cleaningthespiderwebsanddredgingtheditches.Peopledoallthesethingshappilyinthehopeofagoodcomingyear.春节打扫房屋这个非常古老的习俗甚至可以追溯到几千年前。灰尘在传统上与“旧”联系在一起，所以打扫房屋和扫除灰尘意味着辞“旧”迎“新”。春节的前几天，中国的各家各户都打扫房屋，扫地，清洗日用品，清除蛛网和疏浚沟渠。人们兴高采烈做所有这些事情，希望来年好运。Housedecoration房屋装饰Oneofthehousedecorationsistopostcoupletsondoors.OntheSpringFestivalcouplets,goodwishesareexpressed.NewYearcoupletsareusuallypostedinpairsasevennumbersareassociatedwithgoodluckandauspiciousnessinChineseculture.房屋装饰之一就是在门上贴对联。在春联上，抒发良好的祝愿。春联通常是成对张贴，因为双数在中国文化中是好运气和吉祥的象征。PeopleinnorthChinaareusedtopostingpaper-cutontheirwindows.Whenstickingthewindowdecorationpaper-cuts,peoplepasteonthedoorlargeredChinesecharacter“fu”Ared"fu"meansgoodluckandfortune,soitiscustomarytopost"fu"ondoorsorwallsonauspiciousoccasionssuchaswedding,festivals.在中国北方，人们习惯于在窗户上贴剪纸。人们既在窗户上贴剪纸，又在大门上贴上大大的红色汉字“福”字，一个红色“福”字意味着好运和财富，因此习惯上在婚礼，节日之类的吉祥场合中，人们都会在门或墙上贴“福”字。WaitingfortheFirstBellRingingofChineseNewYear等待春节的第一声钟鸣ThefirstbellringingisthesymbolofChineseNewYear.ChinesepeopleliketogotoalargesquareswheretherearehugebellsaresetuponNewYear’sEve.AstheNewYearapproachestheycountdownandcelebratetogether.Thepeoplebelievethattheringingofhugebellcandriveallthebadluckawayandbringthefortunetothem.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehavebegungoingtomountaintemplestowaitforthefirstringing.HanshanTempleinSuzhou,isveryfamoustempleforitsfirstringingofthebelltoheraldChineseNewYear.ManyforeignersnowgotoHanshanTempletocelebrateChineseNewYear.第一次钟声是春节的象征。中国人喜欢到一个大广场，那里有为除夕设置的大钟。随着春节的临近，他们开始倒计数并一起庆祝。人们相信了大钟的撞响可以驱除霉运，带来好运。近年来，有些人开始去山上寺庙等待第一次钟声。苏州的寒山寺就非常著名，它的钟声宣布春节的到来。现在有许多外国人也去寒山寺庆祝春节。Stayinguplate("Shousui")熬夜（“守岁”）ShousuimeanstostayuplateorallnightonNewYear'sEve.Afterthegreatdinner,familiessittogetherandchathappilytowaitfortheNewYear’sarrival.守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春节的到来。NewYearFeast年夜饭SpringFestivalisatimeforfamilyreunion.TheNewYear'sFeastis"amust"banquetwithallthefamilymembersgettingtogether.ThefoodeatenontheNewYearEvebanquetvariesaccordingtoregions.InsouthChina,Itiscustomarytoeat"niangao"(NewYearcakemadeofglutinousriceflour)becauseasahomophone,niangaomeans"higherandhighereveryyear".Inthenorth,atraditionaldishforthefeastis"Jiaozi"ordumplingsshapedlikeacrescentmoon.春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”（糯米粉制成的新年糕点），因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。SettingFirecrackers燃放鞭炮LightingFirecrackersusedtobeoneofthemostimportantcustomsintheSpringFestivalcelebration.However,concerningthedangerandthenegativenoisesthatlightingfirecrackersmaybring,thegovernmenthasbannedthispracticeinmanymajorcities.Butpeopleinsmalltownsandruralareasstillholdtothistraditionalcelebration.Rightastheclockstrikes12o'clockmidnightofNewYear'sEve,citiesandtownsarelitupwiththeglitterfromfireworks,andthesoundcanbedeafening.Familiesstayupforthisjoyfulmomentandkidswithfirecrackersinonehandandalighterinanothercheerfullylighttheirhappinessinthisespecialoccasion,eventhoughtheyplugtheirears.放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。NewYearGreetings(BaiNian)春节的问候（拜年）OnthefirstdayoftheNewYearorshortlythereafter,everybodywearsnewclothesandgreetsrelativesandfriendswithbowsandGongxi(congratulations),wishingeachothergoodluck,happinessduringthenewyear.InChinesevillages,somevillagersmayhavehundredsofrelativessotheyhavetospendmorethantwoweeksvisitingtheirrelatives.在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜（祝贺），彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。在中国农村，有些村民可能有数以百计的亲戚，所以他们不得不拿出两个多星期来走亲访友。Onthefirstdayofthenewyear,it’scustomaryfortheyoungergenerationstovisittheelders,wishingthemhealthyandlongevity.春节第一天，按习惯，小一辈人要拜见老一辈，祝愿他们健康长寿。Becausevisitingrelativesandfriendstakesalotoftime,now,somebusypeoplewillsendNewYearcardstoexpresstheirgoodwishesratherthanpayavisitpersonally.因为探亲访友花费大量时间，所以，现在有些忙碌的人就送春节贺卡来表达他们的良好祝愿，而不是亲自去拜访。LuckyMoney压岁钱ItisthemoneygiventokidsfromtheirparentsandgrandparentsasNewYeargift.Themoneyisbelievedtobringgoodluck,wardoffmonsters;hencethename"luckymoney".Parentsandgrandparentsfirstputmoneyinsmall,especially-maderedenvelopesandgivetheredenvelopestotheirkidsaftertheNewYear'sFeastorwhentheycometovisitthemontheNewYear.TheychoosetoputthemoneyinredenvelopesbecauseChinesepeoplethinkredisaluckycolor.Theywanttogivetheirchildrenbothluckymoneyandluckycolor.这是孩子们的父母和祖父母给他们作为春节礼物的钱。压岁钱据说能带来好运，能驱魔；因此，就有了“压岁钱”的称呼。父母和祖父母先把钱放入特制的小红包里，年夜饭后或当孩子们来拜年时，将红包发给他们。他们之所以要把钱放到红包里，是因为中国人认为红色是个幸运色。他们想给自己孩子既有压岁钱还有幸运色。‘中国新年（ChineseNewYear）’或‘春节（SpringFestival）’是最重要的中国传统节日（traditionalChineseholiday），也叫‘农历新年（LunarNewYear）’。这个节日从农历正月初一（thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheChinesecalendar）开始，直到正月十五元宵节（LanternFestival）结束。除夕（ChineseNewYear'sEve）的字面含义是‘Year-passEve’。据说当初春节是为了纪念与一头叫做‘年’的神话野兽进行的斗争（fightagainstamythicalbeastcalled'Nian'）。中国的阴阳历（lunisolarcalendar）而不是公历（Gregoriancalendar）决定了春节的日期。天干（heavenlystems）和地支（earthlybranches）用来纪年。阴阳（yinandyang）与五行（thefiveelementsofChineseastrology）也用来描述一个具体年份。很多人混淆了他的农历生年（Chinesebirth-year）和公历生年（Gregorianbirth-year）。有些算命的人（signcalculators）也会混淆农历和阳历。12年形成一个属相（animalzodiac）循环（cycle）；60年形成一个综合循环。十二属相（zodiacanimalsigns）包括：鼠（rat）、牛（ox）、虎（tiger）、兔（rabbit）、龙（dragon）、蛇（snake）、马（horse）、羊（ram/sheep）、猴（monkey）、鸡（rooster）、狗（dog）与猪（pig）。春节在很多国家和地区（countriesandterritories）都是公共假期（publicholiday），包括中国大陆、中国台湾、中国香港、中国澳门、马来西亚、新加坡、文莱（Brunei）、印度尼西亚和菲律宾。还有一些国家以其它方式纪念中国春节，包括澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、新西兰和美国等。在正式假期（officialholiday）前后，庆祝活动（celebrations/festivities）一直在进行。各国对春节规定的法定假期（statutoryholiday）长短不一。春节期间的庆祝活动中最重要的是拜访亲朋好友（visitstokin,relativesandfriends），即‘拜年（new-yearvisits）’。青年人（juniors）和孩子（children）可以从已婚者（themarried）和长辈（theelders）那里拿到红包（redpackets/envelope）。红包也叫压岁钱，是从‘压祟钱（themoneyusedtosuppressorputdowntheevilspirits）’发展而来。钱数应为偶数（evennumbers），因为奇数（oddnumbers）不吉利。数字4被认为不吉利，因为和‘死’同音（ahomophonewithdeath）；数字8吉利，因为和‘发（wealth）’同音。互赠礼物（giftexchange）也是人们之间常有的事儿。春节前一般要彻底打扫卫生（athoroughcleaning），以扫掉前一年的坏运气（tosweepawaythebadluckoftheprecedingyear）并迎接好运（tobereadyforgoodluck）。房间要用带有吉利话（auspiciousphrases）的剪纸（papercutouts）和春联（couplets）进行装饰。信佛（Buddhism）和信道（Taoism）的人会将神坛（altar）与塑像（statues）清理干净。某些地区的人会有‘送神（sendingtheGodhome）’的仪式。灶王爷（KitchenGod）的纸人（papereffigy）会被烧掉以便让他去向玉帝（JadeEmperor）汇报这家人的好事（gooddeeds）和劣迹（transgressions）。除夕最大的事儿就是吃团圆饭（reuniondinner），与西方的圣诞晚餐（Christmasdinner）的重要性类似。年夜饭上往往会有鱼，但某些地区的人不吃它，留到第二天，以示‘年年有余（Maytherebesurpluseseveryyear），因为在汉语中‘鱼（fish）’与‘余（surplus）’同音。在北方（northernChina），习惯上一定会在饭后开始包饺子（dumpling/jiaozi）并在午夜（aroundmidnight）煮食。饺子象征财富（wealth），因为它外形像银锭（Chinesetael）。在南方（southernChina），通常要做年糕（niangao/newyearcake）。它的汉语发音表示越来越富有（increasinglyprosperous）。现代的人们有时会进行倒计时（countdown）来迎接春节。从上世纪八十年代开始，中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会（CCTVNewYear'sGala）会在每年的春节到来前开始播出。鞭炮（firecrackers）和焰火（fireworks）也是制造节日气氛的重要工具，不过在很多城市被禁放（banned）以防止火灾（firehazards）。政府会组织大型焰火（large-scalefireworks）燃放来庆祝节日。初一从‘接神（welcomingthedeitiesoftheheavensandearth）’开始，随后就是拜年等活动。初二是已婚妇女回娘家（formarrieddaughterstovisittheirbirthfamilies/parents）的日子。有些人认为初三、初四不适合拜年，而适合上坟（grave-visiting）。初五被认为是财神爷（godofwealth/fortunegod）的生日。正月十五要吃元宵（ricedumplings:asweetglutinousriceballbrewedinasoup）。户外还要燃起蜡烛（candles）以引领游魂（waywardspirits）回到自己的家。人们也会提着点燃的灯笼（lightedlanterns）逛街。春节期间也有一些令局外人困惑的迷信（superstitiousbeliefs）或者传统文化观念（traditionalculturalbeliefs）。比如贴红菱形纸（reddiamond-shapedposter）的‘福（auspiciousness）’字。它常常被倒着贴（hangingupsidedown），因为汉语的‘倒（upsidedown）’与‘到（arrive）’是同音字（homophones）。金元宝（yuanbaoingots）象征财富。除了春联，年画（NewYearpictures）、中国结（Chineseknots）、剪纸（papercutting）等都用来增加气氛。舞龙（dragondance）和舞狮（liondance）也是人们庆祝春节的传统活动。人们打招呼会说一些吉祥话，如‘新年快乐（HappyNewYear）’、‘恭喜发财（Congratulationsandbeprosperous）’、‘岁岁平安（Everlastingpeaceyearafteryear）’等。TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeopleandiswhenallfamilymembersgettogether,春节是我国民间最重要的传统节日，这是一家团聚的时刻,justlikeChristmasintheWest.就像西方的圣诞节一样.ItoriginatedintheShangDynastyfromthepeople'ssacrificestogodsandancestors春节起源于殷商时期祭神祭祖活动，attheendofanoldyearandthebeginningofanewone.在辞旧迎新之际。DuringthelasttendaysbeforeSpringFestival,在春节前最后十天，storeownersarebusyaseverybodygoesouttopurchasenecessitiesfortheNewYear.大小商铺生意兴隆，因为人们都忙于置年货。Materialsnotonlyincludeedibleoil,rice,poultry,fishandmeat,butalsofruit,candiesandallkindsofnuts.年货包括油、米、鸡、鸭、鱼、肉，还有糖饵果品及各式各样的果仁。What'smore,variousdecorations,newclothesandshoesforthechildren除此之外，人们还要准备各种各样的装饰物，为小孩子添置新衣新鞋，aswellasgiftsfortheelderly,friendsandrelativesareallonthelistofpurchasing.以及准备过年时走亲访友、孝敬长辈的礼品。BeforetheNewYearcomes,peoplecompletelycleantheinsideandoutsideoftheirhomes.春节前，人们会把屋子里里外外都打扫得干干净净。Thentheybegindecoratingtheircleanroomswithanatmosphereofjoyandfestivity.然后，他们会把家装饰得充满节日气氛AllthedoorpanelswillbepastedwithSpringFestivalcouplets.门的两侧贴上春联，Also,picturesofthegodsofdoorsandwealthwillbepostedonfrontdoorstowardoffevilspirits大门前还要贴上门神和财神的画像以避邪andwelcomepeaceandabundance.Redpaper-cuttingscanbeseenonwindowglass.迎福。在窗户玻璃上贴上红色剪纸。Accordingtocustom,eachfamilywillstayuptocountdownfortheNewYearontheeveoftheSpringFestival.按照传统，除夕晚上全家老少都要一起熬夜守岁，倒数新年。LightingfirecrackerswasoncethemosttypicalcustomduringtheSpringFestival.在过去，点爆竹是春节最典型的习俗。Peoplethoughtthebangingandpoppingcouldhelpdriveawayevilspirits.人们认为鞭炮齐鸣能驱赶邪气。ChildrenwillgetmoneyasaNewYear'sgift,wrappedupinredpackets.孩子会得到装在红包里的压岁钱。Aseriesofactivitiessuchasliondancing,dragonlanterndancing,lanternfestivalsandtemplefairswillbeheldfordays.一系列的春节活动，比如舞狮子、耍龙灯、演社火、逛庙会等都将持续数天。TheSpringFestivalthencomestoanendwhentheLanternFestivalisover.直到元宵节过后，春节才算真正结束。【GreetingSeason】:春节TheSpringFestival农历lunarcalendar正月lunarJanuary;thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar除夕NewYear‘sEve;eveoflunarNewYear初一thebeginningofNewYear元宵节TheLanternFestival【Customs】：过年Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival对联poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry春联SpringFestivalcouplets剪纸paper-cuts买年货specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpringFestivalshopping年画NewYearpaintings敬酒proposeatoast灯笼lantern:aportablelight烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)红包redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.)舞狮liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)舞龙dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)戏曲traditionalopera杂耍varietyshow;vaudeville灯谜riddleswrittenonlanterns灯会exhibitoflanterns守岁staying-up禁忌taboo拜年payNewYear‘scall;giveNewYear‘sgreetings;NewYear‘svisit去晦气getridoftheill-fortune祭祖宗offersacrificestoone‘sancestors压岁钱giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift【CultureNote】：Intheolddays,NewYear‘smoneywasgivenintheformofonehundredcoppercoinsstrungtogetheronaredstringandsymbolizedthehopethatonewouldlivetobeahundredyearsold.Today,moneyisplacedinsideredenvelopesindenominationsconsideredauspiciousandgiventorepresentluckandwealth辞旧岁bidfarewelltotheoldyear扫房springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaning【Foodnames】：年糕Nian-gao;risecake;NewYearcake团圆饭familyreuniondinner年夜饭thedinneronNewYear‘sEve饺子Jiao-zi;Chinesemeatravioli八宝饭eighttreasuresricepudding汤圆Tang-yuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings糖果盘candytray:什锦糖assortedcandies-sweetandfortune蜜冬瓜candiedwintermelon-growthandgoodhealth西瓜子redmelonseed-joy,happiness,truthandsincerity金桔cumquat-prosperity红枣reddates-prosperity糖莲子candiedlotusseed-manydescendentstocome糖藕candiedlotusroot-fulfillingloverelationship花生糖peanutcandy-sweet【Blessing】:Treasuresfillthehome财源广进Businessflourishes事业兴隆Peaceallyearround岁岁平安Wishingyouprosperity恭喜发财Harmonybringswealth家和万事兴Mayallyourwishescometrue心想事成Everythinggoeswell万事如意Thecountryflourishesandpeopleliveinpeace国家富强、人民安康Moneyandtreasureswillbeplentiful财源茂盛WishingyoueverysuccessPromotingtoahigherposition事业有成、更上一层楼、蒸蒸日上Safetripwhereveryougo一帆风顺Wishyouhappinessandprosperityinthecomingyear!祝你新的一年快乐幸福Wishyousuccessinyourcareerandhappinessofyourfamily!事业成功，家庭美满（阖家欢乐）【中国新年禁忌】：DosandDontsofChineseNewYearDo's:WisheveryoneyoumeetahappyNewYearbysaying"gongxifacai",whichtranslatesto:"HaveahappyandprosperousNewYear!"对每一个你遇到的人道一声：“恭喜发财”，翻译成英文就是：“在新的一年里拥有幸福繁荣的生活”；Weararticlesofredclothingbecauseredsymbolizesluck.穿红色布料做成的饰品，因为红色昭示着幸运；Eatvegetarianfoodbecauseit'snotgoodtoseeblood.吃素食，因为见血是不吉利的；BuynewtrousersbecausetheChinesewordfortrousersis"fu",(Chinesehomonymforwealth)买新裤子（衣服），因为汉语里裤子就是“服”，（在汉语里与财富的“富”谐音）；ChildrenshouldstayupaslateaspossibleonNewYear'sEveforitisbelievedthatthelatertheystayup,thelongertheirparentswilllive.孩子应该在除夕之夜尽可能晚睡、熬夜因为据说他们睡的越晚，他们的父母越长寿；Visitfamily(especiallythoseolderthanyourself)andfriendstopassonyourwishesongoodfortunefortheNewYear.(pluskidsandsinglepeoplewillreceivelai-seeluckyredpacketsfullofmoney.拜访亲戚朋友（尤其是比你年长的），传递你对他们来年幸福的