2021年北京高三二模英语汇编-七选五(含答案)

2021年北京高三二模英语汇编—七选五1.（2021•昌平区二模）AteamofscientistshascomeupwithaplanheysaycouldhelprebuildtheArcticicecap.TheicecapisahugeareaofseaicethatcoversmostoftheArcticOceanallyearround.Usually,theseaicegetsthickerandspreadsfurthereachwinter,butthishasn’thappenedforthepastfewyears.Lastmonth,theicecaphadshrunktoitssmallestsizesincescientistsbegankeepingrecordsofit38yearsago.TheweatherintheArctichasbeenunusuallywarmthiswinter.Somedays,temperatureshavebeen20℃higherthanisnormalforthistimeofyear.InMarch,thetemperaturewasabove0℃atleastoneday.TheArcticicecapisneededtoberebuiltbecauseseaicereflectsheatandlightfromthesunbackintospace.Withlessice,theoceanwouldabsorbmoreheat.TheArcticwouldwarmupevenmorequickly,andmoreicewouldmelt.Withoutseaice,manyanimalswouldlosetheirnaturalhabitatsandcouldbecomeendangered.Itcouldalsoaffecttheweather,withmorestormsanderosionalongthecoast.Dr.StevenDeschandagroupofscientistsfromArizonaStateUniversityintheUnitedStatesthinktheycanhelptobuildupArcticseaiceagain.Theywanttosetupwind-poweredpumpsontheexistingseaice.Duringthewinter,thepumpswouldspreadwaterfromtheoceanoverthesurfaceoftheicewhereitwouldfreezeandformanewlayerofice.Thescientistssaythatin10years,thiscouldaddanextrametreoficetotheicecap.Theplanwouldrequireabout10millionpumpsanditwouldbeveryexpensive—about$655billion.SomeotherscientistsarewonderingifthepumpswouldactuallyworkinsevereArcticconditions.Theyarealsoconcernedabouthowtheprojectmightaffecttheenvironment.Dr.Deschsaidhisteamhopedtheirproposalwouldgetmorepeopleinterestedinlookingforasolutiontotheproblemofmeltingseaice.Hesaidtheonlyplanpeoplehaverightnowistotrytoreducegreenhousegasemissions(排放)fromcarsandotherman-madesources.Heandhisteamdon’tthinkthatwillbeenoughtosavetheseaice,sothey’regoingtoworkontheirplanandhopethatitwillgiveeveryoneagoodstartonsavingtheArcticicecap.41.WhyisArcticicecapimportant?42.WhatisDr.StevenDesch’ssolutiontotheproblem?43.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.SomescientistswereworriedabouttheprojectandDr.Deschhopedmorepeoplecouldhelpimproveit.44.Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolution(s)tothegreenhousegasemissionprobleminyourdailylife.(about40words)2.（2021•朝阳区二模）PeopleWhoCan’tCountArecentstudyhasdiscoveredthatdyscalculia,themathematicalinabilityinreading,affectsabout5%ofchildreninBritain.Thereisnosimplewayoffindingoutthereasonandkidswiththislearningdisabilityareusuallylabelledunintelligent.Sowhatexactlyisthislearningdisabilityinmathematics?Unlikemostpeople,dyscalculicscannotrecognisethreeorfourobjects.35Forexample,theyneedtocountthebooksonthetablebeforetheycansayhowmanythereare.Inotherwords,theyhavetocountthemonebyone.Thisiswheretheyaredifferentfromothers.Themajorityofus,ifshownthreeorfoursimilarthings,canimmediatelyrecognisethem.36Theycannotunderstand,forinstance,whytwoandthreemakesfive.Anotherproblemisnotbeingabletotellwhichgroupcontainsmoreobjectsthantheother.Experimentshaveprovedthatdyscalculicshavenotdevelopedthepartofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingnumbers.Therearealsoproblemswiththeabstractconceptoftimefordyscalculics.37Ifyourbestfriendisalwayslate,hemightbesufferingfromdyscalculia.Dyscalculicscannotkeeptrackoftime,andtheyneverknowhowmuchtimetheyhavespentgettingreadyandhowlongitwilltakethemtogettowork.Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdyscalculicsbehaveoddlyinsocialsituations.38Thispoorabilitycanexplainwhytheyneverknowhowmuchchangetheyaredueorwhatkindofbudgettheyneedfortheirholiday.Ontheotherhand,dyscalculicsareverygoodatcreativearts.Peoplesufferingfromdyscalculiacanbecomepaintersorpoets.Dyscalculiadoesnotseemtodelaylanguageacquisition.Dyscalculicchildrenacquirelanguageatthesametimeas,ifnotearlierthan,mostchildrenandhavenoproblemlearningtoreadorwrite.39A.Dyscalculicshavedifficultiesinusingnumbersatall.B.Thisdisabilityscareschildrenawayfromlearningmathematics.C.Theyhavetogothroughtheroutineofcountingevenasmallnumberofobjects.D.Itisquitereasonablefordyscalculicstosolvethiskindofspecificproblematanytime.E.Theyneverknowhowmuchtheyshouldtipthewaiterorthey’vegotleftafterashoppingtrip.F.Wecanseethatdyscalculiaisonlyalearningdisability,notageneralindicationofintelligence.G.Thiscanaccountfortheirdifficultyinreadingschedulesandrememberingtheorderinwhichthingshavehappened.3.（2021•东城区二模）FiveEstablishedMemoryBoostersCan’trememberwhereyouleftyourcarkeysagain?35Andassmartphonesandtabletsmakeitpossibletooutsourcememorystoragetoourdevices,theactofforgettingmaybeeasierthanever.Butscientistsarestilldiscoveringhoweverydayactionscanleadtoenhancementsinouroverallmemorycapacity.Hereareafewsimpletipsformasteringyourmemory:GETSOMESLEEP.Aswe’resleeping,ourbrainschangerecentexperiencesintolong-termmemory,aprocessknownasconsolidation.36A2014Sciencestudyfoundmicethatsleptafteracquiringanewtaskwereabletopreservethememorybetterthantheircounterpartslackinginsleep.EXERCISEREGULARLY.Ifyouneedanotherreasontohitthegym,regularexercise—specifically,aerobicexercise—hasbeenshowntoenhancememoryrecall,particularlyinyoungadults.Forolderadults,itcanevenputoffbrainshrinkage.EATMOREBERRIES.37Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsnackingonstrawberries,blueberriesandblackberriescanboostthebrain’scommunicationpathways.Andeatingberries,accordingtoa2012study,couldactuallyslowmemorydeclinecausedbyaging.SAYITOUTLOUD.38Butresearchershavelearnedthatsayingthemoutloud—ratherthanreadinginformationsilently—canresultinamajormemoryupgrade.Ifyou’refeelingshy,youcanalsotrytypingorwritingitout,too.GOTOYOURMEMORYPALACE.39Oneoftheseisthemethodofloci(轨迹记忆法),orthevisualizingofinformationasmajorstopsalongamentaljourney,likeanimaginarywalkthroughyourchildhoodhome.A2017studyfoundthatthistechniqueactuallyreshapesdifferentnetworksofthebraintobettersupportmemory.A.Rememberingnewconceptsisn’talwayseasy.B.Andagoodnight’ssleepcanhelpyoulearn,too.C.SufficientamountsofvitaminB2canimproveyourmemory.D.Changinghabitsishard,buthavingmorefruitdoesn’tsoundsobad,right?E.Andwearebeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofsleeptooverallhealth.F.Strategiesforsuperchargingourmemorieshavebeenaroundsinceancienttimes.G.Withnumerousbusinessestodealwithinourbrain,it’seasytoletafewthingsslipthrough.4.（2021•房山区二模）Disasterscanhappenwhenpeoplelaunchanunmannedflyinggadgetlikeadronewithoutknowinghowtoreallycontrolit.35Afallingdronecandoseriousdamagetobuildingsandpeople.Oneterribleaccidenthappenedwhenanoperatorlostcontrolofadrone.Thedronepilotwasflyingthegadgetbyhishomewhenitsrotors(旋翼)hittree.Thedronewentoutofcontrol,fallingintoneighbour’sbackyardwhereayoungchildwasplaying.Therotorswerestillspinningfastandabladestruckthechild.36Sometimesdronescanjustflyawayquicklyordriftawaywiththewindformanydifferentreasons.Thesoftwarethathasbeenloadedintothedronecouldbreakdown,ortheglobalpositioningsystem(gps)couldbefaulty.37Dronemakersaretryingtoworkoutwaystostopthesethingshappening.38Peoplehavetriedtocatchthemingiantnets,butthiscancausemoreproblemsthantheroguedroneitself.Insomecountries,eaglesaretaughttoidentifydroneasprey.Thentheyswoopdownandgrabthedronefromtheskywiththeirlong,strongclaws.Whentheytakethedronetoasafeplace,theyarerewardedfortheirefforts.Dronescanbeharmful,havingcausedalotofseriousdamagetobuildingsandpeople.39Atasportsevent,dronescanbeusedtogivespectatorsaviewfromaboveorhelpcoachesseehowtheirplayersaredoing.Theyarealsobecomingausefultoolforfirefighters,helpingthemspotwildfiresandevenassistingtofightthem.Dronescanspyonpopulationsofanimalsinthewild,especiallyendangeredones.Insomeveryremoteplacesintheworld,dronesarethefastestwaytodelivermedicinetopeoplewhoneeditdesperately.A.However,theycanalsobeveryhelpful.B.Sadly,thislittleboylosthissightinoneeye.C.However,thisisnotjusttheendtothedisaster.D.Tryingtogetadroneoutoftheskycanbedifficult.E.Sodronesshouldbebannedandonlyusedbygovernments.F.Dronescanbecomeflyaways,caughtupinajetstreamandblownaway.G.Allofabovewouldcausethedronetoloseitsconnectionwiththecontroller.5.（2021•丰台区二模）TheCaseforClassicsManyhighschoolerscomplainwhentheylookatacoursesyllabus(大纲)forChineseandseeliteraryassignmentsthatincludeThestoryofThestoneandotherpiecesofclassicliterature.__35__Buttherearesomegoodreasonswhyreadingtheclassicsisanimportantpartofa2lstcenturyeducation.36Asstudentsexploretextsthatwerewrittenhundredsofyearsbefore,theypeerthroughawindowintotheworldasitwasinthosedays.Beingabletohearthosevoicesfromthepastisaprivilegeyoungpeopleshouldbegratefultohave.Furthermore,asstudentsexamineclassicworks,theybegintoseethefabricofhistoryfromadifferentperspective.Absorbedwiththeirowndailyactivities,mostteensrarelythinkaboutthefactthathumancivilizationhasbeenaroundforalongtime.37Theexperiencesandperspectivesofthosepeoplecanprovideimportantinsightsintothechallengesthatteenagersfacetoday.Thewordingandstylemayhavechanged,buttheunderlyingthemesthatstirtheheart,includingloveloss,courage,revolution,andhumor,areastruetodayastheywerefortheauthorsoftheseearlyworks.Oneofthemostimportantreasonstostudyclassicliterature,however,istoexpandone'smind.38Toillustratethis,agroupofscientistsgatheredvolunteerswhoagreedtohavetheirbrainsscannedwhilereadingphrasesfromclassicliteratureinboththeiroriginalformandinmoderntranslations.Theresultofthestudyshowedasignificantincreaseinthebrainactivityofpeoplereadingtheoriginaltexts.39Itconnectsstudentstothehistoryandvaluesofthebroaderhumancommunity.Itchallengestheirmindswiththeideasandwordsofpeoplewhocamebeforethem.Therefore,iftoday'steensaregoingtogrowasreaders,writers,andcriticalthinkers,itisessentialthatclassicliteratureremainsapartoftheireducation.A.Clearly,that’swhyitissoimportant.B.Classicliteratureisimportantinahighschooleducation.C.Thesewerethingsthatwereonpeoplesmindsatthattime.D.Studentsoftenwonderwhytheyhavetostudy"ancient”writing.E.Readingwritingsfromlongagocanbelikesteppingintoatimemachine.F.Nordotheyrealizetheirlivesareconnectedtothelivesoftheancientpeople.G.Learningtoappreciateanunfamiliarstyleofwritingcanstretchthebrainandhelpitgrowstronger.6.（2021•海淀区二模）WhatAretheRootsofYourSelf-Esteem?Self-esteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Self-esteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas"I’mafailureandI’mbeautiful”)aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreself-fulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.35Healthyself-esteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighself-esteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighself-esteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.36Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.__37__Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticized,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivennoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorself-esteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortcomingsorbulliedbypeers.Itiscommonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect38Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowself-esteem.39Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowself-esteem.A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.C.Sinceself-esteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.D.Peoplewithpoorself-esteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.E.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutaccomplishmenttheyareworthless.F.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn’tdefinethem.G.Highself-esteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.7.（2021•西城区二模）You'refacedwithalotofdecisionsineverydaywork.Therearemultipletaskscallingforyourfocus,andyouareburningdaylightorevenburnouttryingtodecidewhatcomesfirst.___35____Ifyou'regoingtothinksmarterabouthowyouprioritize(排序)tasks,youhavetoinvestalittletimeawayfromyourto-dolist.Here'sthething:whatyouworkonconfirmsyourvalues.Youmaythinkit'snobigthingtoworkovertimeforalittlewhile,butsomethingwillbesacrificedwiththisdecision.Ifyou'reaparent,youmightspendlesstimewithyourkids.Similarly,ifyouchoosenottoworkmuchoreffectively,you'redecidingthatyourvalueslieoutsideyourcareer.___36___Writeallthetasksdownandcreatefourboxescontainingallofthingsyoucareabout.Thiscouldbe:helpsthecommunity,helpsone-to-onerelationships,makesmoney,andthingsyoufindpersonallyfulfilling.Thenplacethemintheboxesandseehowmanyoftheboxeseachonetakesup.Anythingthatfillsjustoneboxhastobereconsidered.Anythingthatfillsnothingshouldnotbeconsideredatall.37Fromhere,therestoftheprioritizationgetsalittleeasier.Younowhaveabetterideawheretheeffortsarereallypayingoff.Youalsoknowwhenyouarewastingyourowntime.Inordertofigureoutaplanforyourself.thefirstthingyoushouldbedoingisgatheringallofyourtasks,largeandsmall.38Otherpeoplearecountingonyouoryourfutureselfwilldependonthemsomehow.Theseareactuallyeasiertoprioritize.Thenbreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.Thathelpsputthingsinorder.Partofthereasonwedothesmallthingsfirstisthatbeingproductivefeelsgood.Acknowledgingaccomplishmentsmakesyoumorelikelytokeepgoingandpushesyouthroughthemorecomplicatedtasks.____39____Noticewhenyourenergylevelsarehighandwhentheyareweak.Beawarewhenyouremoreproductiveforsocialactivitiesandwhenyou'rebetteroff.Themoreyoustudyyourself,theeasierplanningbecomes.Nowthatyouhaveyourprioritiesinordergoaheadandyouwillboostyourproductivity.A.Youcanalsoprioritizebasedonenergylevels.B.Thegoodnewsisthatsometaskscankeepyoumotivated.C.Sohowcanyoufigureoutwhat'smostimportanttoworkonfirst?D.Thisactivityallowsyoutoseewhereyoureallywanttoinvestyourenergy.E.Ifyouwanttomakeanewlist,youneedtoturntoyourcolleaguesforhelpF.Therearesometasksthatareprettystraightforwardandyouneedtodothething.G.Whereyouinvestyourtimeisnotjustaboutwhatyouvaluebutalsowhatyoudon'tvalue.（2021•顺义区二模）Ihavemetmanywesternerswhodonotfeelanythingtoputtheirfeetonthetablewhilesittingonthechair.35Theydon'tfeellikeitisastrangeorrudethingtodoit.AndIknowthattheydon'tmeantobeill-behaved.However,intheeyesofaMyanmarese,itisreallyaveryrudething.ForMyanmarese,theheadisthemostsacred(神圣的)partofthehumanbodywhilethefeetarethemostinferiorpart.36Theytouchground,dirt,mudandgarbage.Justthink.ofallthedirtythingslyingontheground.SotheMyanmareseregardfeetasthemostdirtyandsmellypartofone'sbody.37Whenyouputthatdirtypartofyourbodyontootherpeople'scleantable,itislikeaninsult(侮辱)tothatpersonifthatpersonisaMyanmarese.ThereisnothingmoreinsultingtoaMyanmaresethantopointyourfeettowardshim.So,ifyouwanttowintheheartofyourMyanmaresefriends,nexttimewhenyoudropinonhimorhevisitsyou,trynottoputyourfeetonthelivingroomtableorpointyourfeettowardshim.Indeed,yourfeetshouldneverbepointingtothedirectionofapersonorasacredplace.38Possibly,yourMyanmaresefriendwillnotsayanythingevenifyoudoit.ButitdoesnotmeanthatheisOKwithyourbehaviororapp