高三英语第一轮复习知识点

高三英语第一轮复习知识点高三英语第一轮复习知识点1impressionn.印痕;印记;印象;感想常用结构：haveanimpressionofsth./doingsth.对(做)某事有印象makeanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象makenoimpressionon对……无影响/效果givesb.afavorableimpression给某人留下好印象animpressionofone’sfoot某人的脚印Yourperformancegavemeastrongimpression.你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。WhatIsaidmadenoimpressiononhim.我的话对他不起作用。联想拓展impressv.留下印象impresssth.on/uponone’smind把……牢记在心上lackv.&n.缺乏;缺少的东西注意：lack作名词时，后常接of。lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后常接for或in。lack不用于被动语态。常用结构：lacksth.缺少某物lackforsth.缺少;需要for/throughlackof...因缺乏……nolackof...不缺乏a/thelackof的缺乏Hedidn’tgotherebecausehelackedcourage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。Theplantdiedforlackofwater.植物因缺水而死。Theylackedfornothing.他们无所需求。联想拓展lackingadj.匮乏的;不足的;没有的belackingin缺乏(品质、特点等)sightn.视力;视觉;看见;光景，奇观;名胜常用结构：losesightof看不见;忘记;失去catchsightofsth./sb.看见某物/人atfirstsight初看之下;乍看起来at(the)sightof一看见就……outofsight看不见beinsight看得见，在眼前Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。LastsummerwehadseenthesightsofBeijing.去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。Crusoewasfrightenedatthesightofaman’sfootprint.克鲁索看到一行人的脚印，他非常害怕。requirevt.需要;要求;命令常用结构：requirethat+主语+(should)+动词原形需要某人做某事requiresb.todosth.命令某人做某事requiresth.(ofsb.)要求(某人)某事Iwilldoeverythingthatisrequiredofme.凡是要求我的事，我都会办到。ThesituationrequiresthatI(should)bethere.形势需要我去那里。温馨提示require后接宾语从句时，宾语从句必须用shoulddo的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主语时，后接动词?ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，可以等于不定式被动形式;在这一点上，need和want用法相同。Thehouserequiresmending.Thehouserequirestobemended.房屋需要维修。Allcarsrequireservicingregularly.所有汽车都需要定期检修。Theyrequiredhimtokeepitasecret.他们要求他对这事保密。assistvt.&vi.帮助;援助;参与;出席常用结构：assistsb.in/withsth.帮助(某人)某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助(某人)做某事assistsb.todosth.帮助(某人)做某事assistwith帮助(照料，做);在……上给予帮助Iamwillingtoassistyouwheneverthereisanopportunity.有机会我愿随时帮你。I’mafraidIcan’tassistyou,youhavetogoandseethemanager.我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。Theheadmasterassistswithalotofthingswhenfree.有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。高三英语第一轮复习知识点2表强调：still，indeed，ofcourse，afterall，aboveall，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，inanycase，anyway，infact，especially，obviously，clearly表比较like，unlike，similarly，inthesameway，equally，similarto表对比bycontrast，onthecontrary，while.，whereas，ontheotherhand，unlike，instead，but，differentfrom，however，otherwise，yet，theformer…thelatter，once…now，some…other，yearsago…today表列举foronething…andforanother，like表举例Forexample，forinstance，suchas，take…forexample，except[for]表时间Later，next，then，finally，atlast，eventually，meanwhile，fromnowon，fromthenon，atthesametime，forthetimebeing，intheend，immediately，inthemeantime，inthemeanwhile，recently，soon，nowandthen，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，afterawhile，when，while，before，after，until，assoonas，then，suddenly，inafewdays，inrecentyears，earlythismorning/year/century，allofsudden，themoment表顺序First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，tobeginwith，firstofall，inthefirstplace，last，finally，eventually，intheend，atlast，next，aboveall，firstandmostimportant，meanwhile表解释Inotherwords，infact，asamatteroffact，thatis，thatistosay，namely，表递进Whatismore，inaddition，and，alsobesides，too，moreover，furthermore，aswellas，aswell，again，additionally，whatisworse?表让步Although，though，eventhough，afterall，inspiteof，evenif，表转折However，ratherthen，insteadof，but，yet，ontheotherhand，unfortunately，despite表原因Forthisreason，for，nowthat，thanksto，assince，owingto，because，becauseof，dueto，表结果So，so/such…that，therefore，thus，asaresult，accordingly表Onthewhole，inconclusion，inaword，tosumup，inbrief，insummary，toconclude，tosummarize，inshort，ingeneral，generallyspeaking，aboveall，afterall高三英语第一轮复习知识点3主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在末尾。It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.用it作形式主语的结构。Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…it+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。Itissaid，(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)Ithappens…，Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)What与that在引导主语从句时的区别。What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that则不然。例如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。作动词的宾语。由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.由what，whether(if)引导的宾语从句例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.作介词的宾语。例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.作形容词的宾语。例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。It可以作为形式宾语。It不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth..后边不能直接跟that从句的动词。这类动词有Allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(right)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(wrong)不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词。有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。例如：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(right)Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(wrong)否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think，consider，wuppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeopleButthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclass