个人住房贷款的银行风险管理研究-外文文献及翻译

Personal

housing

loan

to

the

bank

risk

management

research

PART

I.

Problem

Statement

In

this

part,

I

will

give

a

detailed

introduction

of

Industrial

and

Commercial

Bank

of

China

and

the

information

about

the

Individual

housing

loan.

Certainly,

the

problem

formulation

is

the

most

important

one

I

want

to

discuss.

1

introduction

to

ICBC

and

Issues

Industrial

and

Commercial

Bank

of

China

Ltd.

(ICBC)

is

the

largest

bank

in

the

world

by

profit

and

market

capitalization.

It

is

one

China's

'Big

Four'

state-owned

commercial

banks

(the

other

three

being

the

Bank

of

China,

Agricultural

Bank

of

China,

and

China

Construction

Bank.

It

was

founded

as

a

limited

company

on

January

1,

1984.

As

of

March

2010,

it

had

assets

of

RMB

12.55

trillion

(US$1.9

trillion),

with

over

18,000

outlets

including

106

overseas

branches

and

agents

globally.

In

2011,

it

ranked

number

7

on

Forbes

Global

2000

list

of

worlds

biggest

public

companies

Industrial

and

Commercial

Bank

of

1991

established

the

Department

of

real

estate

credit,

for

individual

housing

credit

business,

and

made

a

worker

housing

mortgage

loan

management

approach.

1.1

Individual

housing

loan

Individual

housing

loan

of

bank

credit

to

the

self

is

the

source

of

funds

for

personal

loans

to

property

buyers.

Also

known

as

the

commercial

individual

housing

loans,

banks

name

are

not

the

same,

the

Construction

Bank

known

as

the

individual

housing

loans,

industrial

and

Commercial

Bank

of

China

and

Agricultural

Bank

known

as

the

personal

housing

loan

guarantee

1.2

the

credit

risk

The

real

estate

industry

is

a

high

risk

industry,

housing

credit

business

hides

the

bigger

risk.It

is

the

bank's

own

risks.

Commercial

banks

as

credit

parties,

in

groups

through

the

internal

division

of

the

mutual

cooperation,

a

part

of

any

mismanagement

may

cause

potential

risks

into

reality,

caused

the

loss

of

assets.

Credit

risk

caused

by

characteristic

is

the

banks

themselves,

but

it

can

avoid,

reduce

and

prevent

the

credit

risk,

which

is

the

focus

of

the

work

2.

problem

formulation

How

to

decrease

the

credit

risks

of

personal

housing

loan

of

ICBC?

3.Interpretation

of

the

problem

formulation

The

credit

risk

of

individual

housing

loan

risk

is

highest

among

species,

including

the

borrower

solvency

risk

of

insufficient

and

guarantor

solvency

risk

two

kinds.

On

the

loan

applicant

for

credit

investigation

is

the

bank

consumer

credit

business

as

an

important

link.

Because

of

China's

personal

credit

system

has

not

yet

been

established,

on

the

personal

credit

status

and

lack

of

reasonable

criteria,

the

bank

can

only

be

to

the

borrower

unit

written

proof

of

income

and

other

materials

as

the

basis

of

credit

evaluation,

its

authenticity,

timeliness

is

difficult

to

determine,

on

the

personal

income

verification

of

high

cost.

Individual

housing

loans

up

to

a

maximum

of

30

years,

in

such

a

long

time

span

to

the

borrower

economic

status

was

lasting

monitoring,

stage

of

commodity

housing

prices

higher,

the

monthly

repayment

of

principal

and

interest

burden

is

heavy,

once

the

borrower

unemployment

or

regular

income

to

reduce

possible

default

risk.

Due

to

the

development

of

real

estate

industry

is

a

high

risk,

high

profit

industry,

developers

operating

status,

ability

to

pay

is

also

very

difficult

to

grasp,

it

is

easy

to

produce

risk.Part

II.

Methodology

I

collect

the

information

and

data

with

a

Individual

housing

loan

business

of

ICBC.

I

get

some

financial

data

I

can

use

and

find

some

theories

to

resolve

the

problems.

I

use

the

comparative

analysis

and

the

STP

method

to

target

and

analyze

the

problems.

And

I

use

some

theories

such

as

MM

theory

and

hedging

theory

to

analyze

the

problems

faced

by

ICBC.

In

additional,

I

use

some

methods

to

analyze

how

to

reduce

the

risks.

Part

III.

Analysis

……

1.

Introduction

of

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

risk

management

……

1.1

ICBC

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

status

On

October

28,

2005,

industry

and

commerce

bank

was

renamed

"industrial

and

commercial

bank

of

China

Co.,

LTD.",

the

overall

reform

of

the

wholly

state-owned

commercial

Banks

for

joint

stock

commercial

Banks.

On

October

27,

2006,

industry

and

commerce

bank

A

shares

and

H

shares

listed

on

success,

become

China's

largest

assets,

customer

base

the

most

extensive,

informationization

level,

business

growth

of

the

highest

good

public

joint

stock

commercial

Banks.

At

the

end

of

2009,

industry

and

commerce

bank

total

assets

of

117850.53

one

hundred

million

yuan,

total

liabilities

ll

1,

06.119

billion

yuan,

total

market

capitalisation

of

$269

billion,

the

world's

first

listed

Banks;

That

year

3094.54

business

income

is

one

hundred

million

yuan,

a

net

profit

of

1293.50

one

hundred

million

yuan,

the

world's

most

profitable

bank

straight;

Bad

loans

outstanding

and

bad

loans

for

the

first

ten

years

keep

double

down,

defective

rate

reduced

from

1.54%

to;

Capital

adequacy

ratio

and

core

capital

ratios

were

12.36%

and

9.9096,

in

the

process

of

rapid

business

growth

still

keep

a

good

adequate

capital

level.

China

personal

loans

12068.50

one

hundred

million

yuan,

up

45.5%,

with

the

increase

of

2768.70

personal

housing

loan

one

hundred

million

yuan,

up

46.3%,

and

all

of

the

first

one.

Industry

and

commerce

bank

individual

loan

balances

the

proportion

of

the

total

outstanding

balance

of

the

loans

is

rising

year

by

year,

the

end

of

09

has

reached

to

21.1%,

among

them

a

personal

housing

loan

balance

of

all

personal

loan

balance

was

72.4%.

Personal

housing

loan

The

ICBC

Shanghai

branch

head

office

is

one

of

the

branch,

the

head

office

is

in

the

system

in

the

top

of

every

business,

in

recent

years

the

head

office

system

comprehensive

assessment

has

ranked

top.

By

the

end

of

December

2009,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

of

local

deposit,

loan

balance

respectively

for

$954.2

billion

and

$369.5

billion

respectively

18.93%

and

20.43%

than

at

the

growth,

including

personal

housing

loan

balance

of

55

billion

yuan,

a

year-on-year

increase

of36.3%,

accounting

for

14.9%

of

all

loans;

All

the

bad

loans

outstanding

4.084

billion

yuan,

defective

rate

1.11%,

12

consecutive

years

realized

the

double

down,

including

personal

housing

loan

defective

rate

0.24%,

much

lower

than

selling

loans

defective

rate;

Middle

business

income

is

4.818

billion

yuan

and

the

growth

rate

35%,

and

record

the

same

period;

Book

profit

is

15.184

billion

yuan,

overfulfilled

year-round.

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

to

"trade

leaders,

optimum

system,

the

world

first-class"

for

strategic

development

target,

in

recent

years

to

the

formidable

strength,

prudent

business,

of

the

spirit

of

innovation,

through

the

reasonable

layout

of

the

marketing

network,

a

wide

range

of

high

quality

customer

base,

obvious

advantages

of

innovative

products,

advanced

electronic

banking

services,

and

realize

the

fast

growth

the

scale

of

operation,

the

profit

level

leap

in

a

new

stage,

and

the

quality

of

the

assets

reached

a

new

level

in

Shanghai,

Banks

of

in

a

leading

level,

including

personal

housing

loan

business

development

especially

rapidly,

2009

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

balance

and

increment

of

the

trade

in

Shanghai

than

were

14.06%

and

14.71%

in

the

first

half

year

of

2201

accounts

for

incremental

than

rose

to

23.1

l

%1.2

1.1.1

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

business

overall

development

situation

In

the

2007

years,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

began

to

reason

stabilising,

But

growth

is

not

big,

to

the

end

of

2008

at

the

end

of

2005

to

restore

basic

level.

Beginning

in

2009,

as

All

national

encourage

spending

and

investment

policy

influence,

the

real

estate

market

supply

and

demand

and

the

present

situation

of

the

two

popular,

people's

silver

Bank

of

individual

housing

loan

interest

rate

policy

further

relax,

therefore

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

realized

The

unprecedented

growth

situation,

to

the

end

of

2010

is

expected

to

personal

housing

loan

balance

can

reach

750

One

hundred

million

yuan,

personal

loans

outstanding

expected

to

exceed

80

billion

yuan.1.1.2

ICBC

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

business

features

1.

The

individual

housing

loan

balances

the

proportion

of

amount

of

personal

loans

is

on

the

rise

From

the

table

1.2

shows,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

balance

personal

loan

balances

of

the

proportion

of

basic

between

90%

~

95%,

and

since

2007

the

proportion

of

the

rising

trend.

Due

to

personal

housing

loan

loan

USES

clear,

the

bank

loan

funds

can

be

directly

into

developers

or

the

seller's

account

to

control

the

housing

loan

to

capital

flows,

and

Shanghai

branch

has

rich

real

estate

development

loan

resources,

so

in

recent

years

has

been

the

Shanghai

branch

of

personal

housing

loan

as

a

personal

loan

business

development

the

important

direction,

andconstantly

compression

personal

comprehensive

consumer

loans,

personal

car

loans,

personal

business

loans,

and

other

consumer

loan

business.2.

Second-hand

housing

loans

fast

growth

In

recent

years,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

second-hand

housing

loans

to

the

rapid

growth

of

the

end

of

June

by

the

year

2010,

used

a

personal

housing

loan

balance

has

reached

nearly

31.8

billion

yuan,

is

the

end

of

2005

the

balance

of

4.5

times,

accounting

for

personal

housing

loan

balance

by

2005

the

share

of

jumped

from

17.7%

47.6%,

already

present

and

a

basic

personal

housing

loan

divide

the

world

situation,

and

according

to

the

trend

of

increase

in

the

first

half

of

2010,

by

the

end

of

2010

is

likely

to

more

than

a

personal

housing

loan

balances.

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

second-hand

individual

housing

loan

was

partly

due

to

the

rapid

growth

of

the

Shanghai

housing

market

in

recent

years

the

abnormal

prosperity,

on

the

other

hand

is

Shanghai

branch

and

a

lot

of

real

estate

agent

established

cooperative

relations,

according

to

statistics,

until

June

2010,

since

2009

have

loans

cooperation

agency

has

reached

185ICBC

Shanghai

branch

of

credit

asset

quality

improving

trends

present

the

year

after

year,

especially

since

listing

reform,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

of

credit

asset

quality

has

the

advanced

international

level

of

bank.

The

figure

3.2

shows,

personal

loan

asset

quality

better

than

corporate

loans,

by

the

end

of

June

2010,

personal

loans

non-conforming

rate

is

only

0.38%,

far

below

the

legal

person

loan

defective

rate

1.01%,

and

personal

loans

due

to

high

quality

personal

housing

loan

asset

quality.

Personal

housing

loans

accounted

for

more

than

90%

of

personal

loans,

the

direct

impact

on

the

quality

of

the

assets

of

the

whole

individual

loan

nonconformities.

8

Figure

1.2

the

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

constitute

(amount

units:

ten

thousand

yuan)

ICBC

Shanghai

branch

of

credit

asset

quality

improving

trends

present

the

year

after

year,

especially

since

listing

reform,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

of

credit

asset

quality

has

the

advanced

international

level

of

bank.

The

figure

3.2

shows,

personal

loan

asset

quality

better

than

corporate

loans,

by

the

end

of

June

2010,

personal

loans

non-conforming

rate

is

only

0.38%,

far

below

the

legal

person

loan

defective

rate

1.01%,

and

personal

loans

due

to

high

quality

personal

housing

loan

asset

quality.

Personal

housing

loans

accounted

for

more

than

90%

of

personal

loans,

the

direct

impact

on

the

quality

of

the

assets

of

the

whole

individual

loan

nonconformities.

Figure

1.3

the

icbc

Shanghai

branch

the

quality

of

loan

assets

From

the

table

1.3

know,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

in

developing

a

personal

housing

loan

business

at

the

same

time

always

adhere

to

execute

all

the

risk

management

measures,

and

maintain

the

individual

housing

loan

quality

the

quality

of

the

assets,

and

bad

loans

and

bad

balance

realize

the

double

down,

and

by

the

end

of

2006

respectively

the

$167.57

million

and

0.45%

lower

in

2010

to

the

end

of

June

137.39

million

yuan

and

0.21%.

2.

icbc

Shanghai

branch

personal

housing

loan

risk

management

present

situation

The

first

part

of

a

detailed

analysis

on

the

icbc

Shanghai

branch

of

individual

housing

loan

main

risk

sources,

secondly

introduced

the

related

risk

assessment

indexes,

the

last

key

to

introduce

the

individual

housing

loan

risk

management

aspects

of

the

four

marked

characteristics:

the

organization,

system

construction,

the

overall

process

management,

electronic

information

degree

is

higher.

2．1

what

are

the

sources

of

personal

housing

loan

risk

From

the

personal

housing

loan

business

process

to

see,

this

business

is

not

only

related

to

the

sales

contract,

sign

a

building

to

apply

for

loans,

bank

loan

survey

and

examination,

loans

of

the

contract,

to

deal

with

guaranty

to

register,

insurance,

notarization,

loans,

loan

examination

numerous

links,

they

also

involve

building

buyers

and

sellers,

agency,

Banks,

insurance

companies,

etc.

Therefore,

many

factors

can

cause

individual

housing

loan

risks,

the

causes

of

the

complex

and

changeable.2.1.1

comes

from

the

borrower

From

the

risk

of

the

borrower,

bank

individual

housing

loan

is

the

most

main

sources

of

risk,

is

mainly

refers

to

the

borrower

of

the

moral

risk

and

reimbursement

ability

and

reimbursement

intend

to

change

brings

the

risk.

1.

The

borrower

of

moral

hazard.

Because

at

present

our

country

personal

credit

registry

system

is

not

perfect,

asymmetric

information,

and

that

the

individual's

various

dishonest

behavior

should

not

punished,

so

the

bank

loans

to

the

examination

and

approval

of

the

phenomenon

occurs

when

the

adverse

selection.

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

at

present

in

the

disposal

process

of

bad

loans

personal,

found

that

the

borrower

of

the

moral

risk

of

the

embodied

in

the

following

aspects:

one

is

the

borrower

to

provide

fake

documents,

or

to

steal

other

people

id

card

or

property

right

card

for

false

estate

trade,

using

the

name

of

others

to

apply

for

a

loan

to

malicious

cheating

bank

loans;

2

it

is

the

borrower

to

provide

false

proof

of

earnings

or

tax

return,

intentionally

improve

personal

income,

in

order

to

achieve

the

bank

lending

requirements;

Three

is

the

borrower

malicious

exploiting

legal

loopholes,

many

malicious

escape

bank

debt

borrowers

and

the

raising

of

their

family

members

have

no

other

place,

or

man-made

themselves

and

their

families

live

without

raising

the

fact

that

other,

resolute

don'tmove

out

of

their

homes,

the

bank

even

win

legal

proceedings,

the

court

is

not

the

mortgage

of

execution.

The

above

situation

most

by

the

borrower

and

real

estate

developers

or

property

intermediary

company

common

collusion

operation.

2.

The

borrower

reimbursement

ability

to

drop,

also

called

the

"forced

default".

In

real

business,

the

more

common

situation:

First

is

the

borrower

unemployment

or

business

failure.

The

once

unable

to

normal

servicing,

will

give

the

bank

caused

great

risk.

Second.it

is

the

borrower's

own

or

immediate

relatives

a

major

disease,

bank

loans

will

face

can

be

retrieved,

and

the

court

does

not

carry

out

the

risk.

Three

is

the

borrower

violate

the

law

sentenced,

once

by

the

borrower

violate

the

law

be

judicial

authorities

held

or

sentence,

the

loan

default

rate

almost

close

to

100%.

3.

When

The

borrower's

payments

intend

to

change.

The

borrower's

payments

will

repay

the

loan

is

referred

to

the

subjective

initiative,

is

to

ensure

that

the

main

factors

of

safety

bank

loans,

when

the

borrower

malicious

escape

the

behavior

of

existing

debt,

the

Banks

often

need

to

spend

a

lot

of

manpower

and

time

and

financial

resources

to

settle

the

part

of

the

loan

risk.

When

the

borrower

marriage

(or

love)

broken

relationships.

Bank

loans

in

daily

demanded

overdue

process,

often

will

meet

the

borrower

is

not

willing

to

accept

the

obligation

of

reimbursement.

As

long

as

When

there

is

a

party

would

not

owing

on

the

loan,

and

the

other

party

in

most

cases

is

also

not

willing

to

loan

payments,

even

if

one

party

willing

to

loan

payments,

usually

in

a

certain

proportion

owing

on

the

loan,

not

a

full

return,

so

the

bank

will

still

take

greater

risks.

And

the

marriage

of

the

property

of

the

segmentation

under

general

is

more

difficult,

the

bank

also

provides

borrowers

can't

do

change,

so

in

that

case,

unless

the

parties

can

talk

things

over

solve

the

property

right

of

the

building

belongs

and

loan

problems,

otherwise

the

bank

can

only

be

resolved

through

legal

channels.

When

it

is

rational

to

breach

of

contract.

When

home

prices

to

fall

or

rapidly

rising

interest

rates

to

a

larger

extent,

continue

to

repayment

of

cost

more

than

give

up

reimbursement

of

income,

the

borrower

will

be

rational

breach.

The

most

active

breach

may

occur

in

the

loan

contract

after

thesigning

of

the

first

two

years,

as

the

default

opportunity

cost

is

lower,

the

loss

of

just

head,

transaction

cost

and

part

of

the

loan

principal

and

interest

2.1.2

From

real

estate

developers

1.

Real

estate

developers

fraud

When

real

estate

developers

funds,

and

then

can't

obtain

bank

development

loan,

often

used

intentionally

to

improve

mortgage

prices

down

to

open

or

false

starts

to

help

borrowers

receipt

diddle

bank

loans.

2.

Real

estate

developers

with

the

other

bad

behavior

Of

course

developers

in

addition

to

the

fraud

risk,

and

you

may

be

because

of

his

bad

behavior

trigger

loan

risk.

For

example,

the

building

lousy

tail,

developers

of

volume

and

walk;

Developers

illegal

building,

which

could

deal

with

produce

evidence

2.1.3

From

secondhand

the

room

the

seller

The

risk

of

the

seller

from

secondhand

room,

is

mainly

refers

to

the

seller

for

bank

capital

fingerprint

secondhand

the

room

and

not

the

real

business

of

a

risk.

This

kind

of

situation

commonly

known

as

the

"real",

namely

"heart

to

the

seller

of

secondhand

the

room

often

still

lived

in

the

house,

and

the

houses

have

loans

back

by

the

vendor

rather

than

the

borrower.

This

is

mainly

due

to

the

customer

manager

in

loan

survey

only

paying

attention

to

check

the

borrower

when

reimbursement

ability,

ignore

understand

the

authenticity

of

transactions

in

the

house.

2.1.4

From

increased

risk

of

intermediary

institutions

⑴.

From

the

organization's

risk

assessment

From

the

organization's

risk

assessment,

is

mainly

refers

to

assess

the

risk

of

due

diligence

evaluation

agency

does

not.

Property

values

of

assessment

is

correct

or

not,

relates

directly

to

the

bank

in

the

future

when

the

mortgaged

property

can

pay

of

full

specified

amount

disposal

loan

principal

and

interest.

Personal

second-hand

housing

loan

of

housing,

a

considerable

part

of

the

need

to

pass

real

estate

appraisal

company

for

real

estate

evaluation,

in

many

of

the

real

estate

appraisal

institution

of

management

strength,

professional

level,

social

credibility

is

different.

Some

evaluation

institutions

to

their

own

interests,

not

abide

by

the

industry

standards

and

professional

ethics,

and

with

the

requirements

of

the

blind,

the

house

prices

overvalued

take

calculate,

disrupting

the

market

order,

give

individual

housing

credit

capital

left

risk

potential.

⑵.

From

the

risk

of

second-hand

housing

agencies

From

the

risk

of

second-hand

housing

agencies

mainly

refers

to

secondhand

the

room

for

business

and

intermediary

made

charge

high

placement

fee,

and

help

do

not

conform

to

the

bank

loan

conditions

of

the

borrower

forged

material,

or

help

borrowers

are

false

transactions

to

show

the

bank

funds

behavior

led

to

the

risk.

To

the

end

of

June

2010,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

cooperation

agency

recommended

by

the

outstanding

balance

of

the

loans

have

accounted

for

58%

of

our

personal

loans

outstanding,

have

14

offices

of

bad

loans

recommended

appear,

the

highest

defective

rate

has

reached

19%,

shall

be

punished

by

the

Shanghai

branch

suspended.

2.1.5

From

the

mortgaged

property

Personal

housing

loan

assure

means

in

addition

to

developers

unsecured

stage,

is

houses

mortgage

guarantee.

At

present,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

of

the

risk

facing

the

mortgaged

property,

particularly

prominent

mainly

reflects

in:

1.

The

mortgaged

property

is

secondary

mortgage

and

court

the

phenomenon

of

seizure

increased

obviously

2.

Mortgage

guarantee

the

legal

risk

increase

lift

3.

The

current

laws

exist

to

mortgage

house

disposal

obstacles

2.1.6

From

the

bank's

internal

management

From

the

internal

management

of

risk

is

bank

in

handling

personal

housing

loan

process,

because

the

bank

officials

operating

mistakes

and

moral

risk

or

bank

management

defects

of

the

system

of

bank

loans

to

the

possibility

of

loss.

Mainly

displays

in

the

following

aspects:

1.

Before

the

risk

of

credit

investigation

In

the

loan

survey

link,

some

customers

manager

work

sense

of

responsibility,

to

the

borrower

and

other

important

material

not

economic

income

according

to

the

requirements

for

the

door

to

verify;

Or

business

quality

is

not

high,

can't

identify

potential

risk;

Only

the

mortgaged

property

or

the

guarantor

or

on

the

investigation,

neglecting

to

their

own

material

the

authenticity

of

the

borrowers

understand:

also

have

individual

customer

manager

out

of

personal

interests,

knowing

the

borrower

to

provide

is

not

false

materials

and

pointed

out

that,

misleading

loan

approval;

More

serious

is

theindividual

employee

who

knowingly

breaks

the

law,

and

the

borrower

collusion

inside

and

outside,

falsifying

the

related

materials,

diddle

bank

funds.

2.

When

the

risk

of

loan

review

Because

of

his

business

banking

competition

is

intense,

some

branch

in

order

to

expand

its

business

scope,

the

pursuit

of

the

rapid

growth

of

the

size

of

the

loan

and

loan

review

stage

in

reducing

to

mortgage

project

access

requirements,

for

some

not

meet

the

conditions

of

the

development

project

provides

loan

services;

The

examination

and

approval

of

the

borrower

or

relaxation

condition,

some

do

not

conform

to

the

conditions

of

the

borrower

loan

of

individual

housing

loan.

3.

After

the

credit

risk

management

Because

individual

housing

loan

amount

is

small,

pen,

time

limit

for

long,

risk

factors

such

as

complex

and

changeable

characteristics,

so

give

loans

to

bring

greater

later-period

management

difficulties.

On

the

one

hand

most

common

branch

"replay

light

tubes"

thought,

no

full-time

credit

management,

after

post

responsibility

definition

not

clear,

after

credit

management

perfunctory;

On

the

other

hand,

the

borrower

to

the

lack

of

effective

tracking

and

monitoring

method,

lead

to

overdue

loan

collection

and

disposal

the

efficiency

is

low,

the

give

personal

housing

loan

brought

the

big

risk

potential.

2．2

What

is

individual

housing

credit

risk

evaluation

index?

At

present,

icbc

Shanghai

branch

for

personal

housing

loan

risk

evaluation

index

mainly

for

the

loan

and

loan

rate

so

migration.

Now,

In

the

loan

defective

rate,

and

a

room

and

secondhand

room,

according

to

loans

years

and

different

branches,

if

cooperative

organization

recommended

four

dimensions

to

examine.

In

the

loan

migration

rate,

mainly

in

classifying

loans

into

five

categories,

and

on

the

basis

of

evaluation

respectively

from

the

normal

kind

of

loan

deterioration

to

attention

kind,

attention

from

class

to

class,

subprime

deterioration

of

from

subprime

deterioration

to

suspicious

kind,

from

the

suspicious

class

deterioration

of

loss

to

the

ratio.Branch

quarterly

assessment

plan

the

finance

department

each

line

of

the

index

of

the

standard

deviation,

according

to

the

standard

deviation

of

where

the

different

interval

give

different

assessment

score,

finally

included

in

the

President

business

performance

evaluation.

2．3

Individual

housing

credit

risk

management

characteristics

2．3．1

Risk

management

system

is

perfect

1.

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

risk

management

framework

In

order

to

fully

exercise

the

head

office

comprehensive

risk

management

framework

to

the

next

level

of

risk

management

function

branch,

Shanghai

branch

established

risk

management

committee,

the

committee

form

shown

in

figure

1.4.

The

committee

a

secretariat,

by

risk

management

department

bear

related

functions

and

duties,

be

responsible

for

all

the

professional

organization

and

coordination

of

the

routine

work

of

the

commission.2.

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

individual

housing

credit

agency

set

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

individual

housing

credit

agency

set

up

branch

and

divided

into

two

aspects

branch:

From

the

branch

level,

personal

finance

department

set

up

consumer

credit

business

department

responsible

for

financing

market

development

and

financing

channel

management;

Consumer

credit

management

center

is

responsible

for

all

the

branch

of

personal

loans

on

examination

and

approval,

homework

supervision

and

default

loans

process;

The

credit

management

department

set

up

personal

loan

risk

management

division

and

monitoring

analysis

division,

responsible

for

selling

personal

loans

after

the

credit

risk

management

and

monitoring

system

of

establishing

and

supervision

and

examination

of

the

secondary

branch

work

quality

and

system

implementation;

Legal

GeDai

litigation,

responsible

for

both

sets

GeDai

non-performing

loans

lawsuit;

Risk

management

risk

monitoring,

and

the

business

administration

section

of

the

company

establish

a

dedicated

the

GeDai

responsible

for

bad

loans

monitoring

and

cancel

after

verification

work;

Branch

file

management

center

of

archives,

and

the

archives

arrangement,

establish

a

dedicated

the

GeDai

responsible

for

the

centralized

management

files.2．3．2

Risk

management

system

construction

Icbc

Shanghai

branch

in

individual

housing

loan

risk

management

regulations

system

range

from

marketing

to

cancel

after

verification

of

the

whole

process,

loan

involves

personal

banking,

consumer

credit

management

center,

the

credit

management

department,

accounting

settlement

department,

and

other

related

departments

2．3．3

Process

management

of

individual

housing

loans

In

recent

years,

industrial

and

commercial

bank

branches

in

Shanghai

in

terms

of

personal

housing

loan

process

management

and

constantly

improve,

and

for

credit

management

and

after

bad

disposition

process

continued

to

be

refined.

From

loan

origination

to

the

refinement

of

the

process

management

of

loan

recovery,

makes

ICBC

Shanghai

Branch

has

been

effectively

controlling

the

risk

of

personal

housing

loan.

1.

Accept

loans

The

borrower

loan

application

should

be

put

forward

according

to

the

bank

generally

list,

provide

borrower

basic

material,

purchased

housing

related

material

and

loan

guarantees

material

three

aspects

of

the

material

2

the

loan

survey

Personal

housing

loan

survey

by

loans

do

responsible

for

handling.

Loan

survey

implementation

double

survey

and

see

the

guest

talk

system

3.

Loan

review

Personal

housing

loan

Center

is

responsible

for

review

and

approval

by

the

consumer

credit

management.

4.

Loan

origination

(1)

sign

the

contract

(2)

carry

out

QianPi

examination

and

approval

and

opinion

(3)

loan

approval(4)

loans

(5)

after

the

credit

management

(1)

the

loan

files

centralized

management

Beginning

in

2008,

ICBC

Shanghai

Branch

enables

centralized

management

of

all

personal

credit

files,

ensuring

archive

integrity

and

validity

of

the

information.

Meanwhile,

the

branch

also

sets

strict

lending

and

revocation

of

administrative

measures

to

ensure

that

outstanding

loans

of

his

permit

in

time

archive.

(2)

credit

risk

monitoring

Personal

loan

risk

monitoring

main

means

to

pass

the

information

to

colle