阅读专项第七节第七次课

第七次课（1023）toshow英语（一）2009年①Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.②Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandinlectualdevelopmentoftheseandall比）theconventional（和traditional有什么区别呢？conventional是vieoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.34.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged ①Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?②Wehaveto（认为）thatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotes（表明经济更加重要）thedevelopmentofeducationevenwhenernmentsdon’tit.③Afterallthat’showeducationgotstarted.④Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.⑤Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherwhenpeoplehadenoughpriortobetterwaysoffinding 在先的,的;优先的,更重要的;居先whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry【√】asaresultofpressure A选项是最不好排除的哪一个。所以咱们先看B选项priortobetterwaysoffindingfood中的那个prior，联系上题干就是educationemergedpriortobetterwaysoffindingfood，那也就是说我们在“生产效率提高”之前就有了教育，这明显与文章之前的论述是违背的。再看D选项asaresultofpressureon ernment（市施压的结果），可是文中已经说了ernmentsdon’t it。这和那个don’t是违背的。我们再看A选项whenpeoplehadenoughtime句话Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.这句话的逻辑是有了食物才有时间。A选项单纯的提到人们有时间，可是人们有时间的原因有很多啊，文中只讲述了能够找到食物这一种。如果选了A，那么C就一定是对的。因为大范围能选C，当人们不再挨饿时，不再挨饿说明“生产效率提高”，也就是经济promotesthedevelopmentofeducation.是经济促进了教育。英语（一）2009年①Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.②Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlirycompositionstobeyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyinlectualized.③Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsquality.④AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.⑤ualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope——allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople.”⑥OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexiningtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften troubledwithreligiousn≠puzzledbychurch frustratedwithfamily英语（一）2010年①InhisbookTheTipPoint,MalcolmGladwellargues“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofaminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwellconnected.←（内容，并不重要）②Theideaisintuitively（从上来讲）compelling,butitdoesn’texinhowideasactuallyspread.adv.adj.adj.表示一个大的情感方向，adv yzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics. 结果;推论;推理discussinfluentials’functioninspreading对应文章：butitdoesn’texinhowideasactuallyspread.【B】似乎与这句话有着相反的意思。我们通常看到的观点和例子的位置关系：情况①：But(howevernow)+观点例子 例子but观点exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialdescribetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials. 英语（一）2006年①RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmuneto（不受影响）thenation’sassimilativepower.”24.【经典题】WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?【例证题】例子yetyet前后的态度应该是相反的。yet后面说觉得自己的小。那yet之前的例子就是要论证的很大Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.（就事论事）Torevealthepublic’sfearof 露出,透露,显示Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.（就事论事）ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.【√】英语（一）2008年①In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecameoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington52wasnearlytoothless.②Sohehiredadentisttotransntnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.【例子】. .①That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-chopGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.②Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryyedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.③TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.④Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.⑤Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.⑥Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittletofightit.①这个形象与大多数人印象中历史中砍樱桃树的那个1998勋知道制是错误的——然而他们的绝大部分人都没有去。观点一：①That’ cherry-tree-chopGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.观点二：②Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryyedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthe 原始的,旧式的,上古的demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays. 论证,证明;示范操作,展示;说明,教;显示,表露;stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.对应but之后的内容。→②Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryyedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.revealsomeunknownaspectofhisv.露出,透露,显示对应第二段第①句话。→①That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-chopGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks. 第二段：句子①（观点①）but句子②（观点②）英语（二）2010年Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughruthlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyAfewdecadesagomanypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.【全是例子】Ifyoulookhardenoughyou’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners，fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofhabits.后天的习惯fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,（时间对比）becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.【观点段】32.Bottledwater,chewinggumandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto［B］showtheurgentneedofdaily［C］indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuying［D］manifestthesignificantroleofgood［A］revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits【√】their指代产品，就是在说例子本身——说反了英语（一）2005年①Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.②Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.③Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.④Nowresearchers thatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”⑤Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.⑥“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.⑦“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”①Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.②ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur--asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.③Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofinlectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.④“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.①ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwrightsclinic.②Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.③Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents--until,itappears,webegintoByreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoits[代词，它指代的是limbicsystem，这个选项还是在就事论事。]functioninourdreams【×】themechanismofREMsleep【就事论事】 therelationofdreamstoemotions【√】itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex【就事论事】英语（二）2013年Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-class estodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverrecinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedto ［A］theimpactoftechnologicaladvances［B］thealleviationofjobpressure（与原文相反［C］theshrinkageoftextilemills（就事论事［D］thedeclineofmiddle- 英语（一）2011年……③Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.①Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetatrisk.②Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvethedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchandthesocial-newssite调有致的社交回应活动，包括在和社交网等上与消费者直34.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexample [A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedcannotbetooYoucannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveapersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijacked英语（一）2012年39.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthat①Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.②Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.①Asthecost[弊端]toeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.②InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.③Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.【例子】oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalcanchangepeople’spoliticalmaybeabarriertopublic-sectoraredominantin 英语（一）2014年①AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.②TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.③ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrown（过时↓） resear