车辆管理系统

年4月19日车辆管理系统文档仅供参考，不当之处，请联系改正。C++项目：车辆管理系统目标：写一个小程序，要求到用标准模板库中的list容器和迭代器，能够使用到多继承来进行实验。1.1General(概述)1.在写代码之前要仔细阅读作业要求2.要求对不正确的输入做检查3.在你写完一个类之后，要紧接着写这个类的测试函数，因此，当你调试你写的代码的时候，你能够很容易的对你的代码做重复检查。这样才能够保证你当前写的代码能够准确无误的执行。可能出于某些原因你要对你写过的代码作一此些修改，这样你重新测试你修改的代码就相对比较容易。4.添加完成你的任务所需要的函数。1.2Introduction(简介):渥太华这个城市正在创立一个有关交通工具的“数据库”,来为它的议会(委员会)做预算提供较好的参考。这个城市有许多不同种类的机动车辆：客车，货车，卡车，紧急车辆(救护，消防等)，在对这个城市了解之后，要求你设计一个有下图要求的层次的系统。

2Implementthefollowingfunctionsforeachclass:为每个类实现以下函数2.1(Vehicle类)(属性：所有的属性要求为私有的)charlicensePlate[]属性：车的车牌(执照)作为它的id,一个车牌最多可由8组成。char*type属性：车辆类型(例如：汽车，卡车，消防车)char*make属性：车辆的制造商doublegasTankSize属性：总油量doublefuelConsumption属性：单位路程耗油量函数:R1.构造函数vehicle(char*type,char*licensePlate,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)Tppe的默认值为：carlicensePlate的默认值为:ottawa01gasTankSize的默认值为:100fuelConsumption的默认值为:10所有其它不在构造函数中的参数要求置0或置空R2.voidsetMake(char*make);设置制造商的值R3.setFuelData(doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–设置燃料的有关信息(总油量，单位路程耗油量)R4.setType(char*type)–设置车辆类型R5.setLicensePlate(char*license)–设置车辆的车牌R6.virtualprintSpecifications()-打印车辆的具体信息,例如：制造商、类型，车牌，燃油量和油箱容积R7.virtualdoublecomputeTravelDistance()–这个函数计算车辆可能行使的距离，计算公式为：gasTankSize*fuelConsumption(总油量*单位路程耗油量)2.2ClassLoadVehicle:(LoadVehicle类)Attributes(属性)intnumberOfWheels–numberOfWheels属性：车辆的车轮个数doubleloadCapacity–theloadweightthatthevehiclecancarry(inkg)doubleloadCapacity：车辆的负荷doubletowingCapacity–thetotalweightthatthevehiclecantow(inkg)doubletowingCapacity：车辆能够拖曳的重量FunctionsR8.loadVehicle(char*type,intnumberOfWheels,doubleloadCapacity,doubletowingCapacity,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption).Aconstructorfortheclass.ThedefaultvaluesfornumberOfWheels,loadCapacityandtowingCapacityare6,500kgand5000kgrespectively.ThedefaultvaluesforgasTankSizeandfuelConsumptionare200and6respectively.Theconstructorwillinitializeallthefieldsoftheclassasrequired.Allothermembervariablesthatarenotinitializedshouldbesettothedefaultvaluesofthebaseclass(es),or,ifnodefaultvaluesexist,to0orNULL.这个类的构造函数，各个属性的默认值：loadCapacity的默认值：6,500kgtowingCapacity的默认值：5000kggasTankSize的默认值：200fuelConsumption的默认值：6其它没有初始化的成员变量应该设置为基类的默认值一致，如果没有默认值，则应置0或置空R9.setLoadData(doubletowingCapacity,doubleloadCapacity)设置负荷,拖曳量R10.printSpecifications()–printthespecificationofthevehicle(thevehiclespecificationfromthevehicleclass,thetowingcapacity,theloadcapacityandthenumberofwheels).打印出车辆的具体信息，包括从基类继承的和它自身的。R11.doublecomputeTravelDistance–everypairofwheelsabovefourreducesthetraveldistanceby5%(travelDistance=gasTankSize*fuelConsumption*(100-(numberOfWheels-4)/2*5)/100).Forexample:ifthegasTankSizeif100litres,thefuelConsumptionis10km/landthereare10wheelsthenthetravelDistance=100*10*(100-(10-4)/2*5)/100=1000*85/100=850km.超过4个车轮，每增加两个车轮，车辆可行使的车程以5%减少.例如：总油量为100公升，耗油量为10km/公升，该车车辆有10个车轮，它可行使的车程为：100*10*(100-(10-4)/2*5)/100=1000*85/100=850km.2.3ClasspassengerVehicle:(passengerVehicle类)AttributesintnumberOfPassengers–containsthenumberofpassengersthatthevehiclecanCarryintnumberOfPassengers属性：车辆可搭乘的乘客的数量Functions(函数)R12.passengerVehicle(char*type,intnumPassengers,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–ThedefaultvaluesfornumPassengersis5.ThedefaultvaluesforgasTankSizeandfuelConsumptionare100and11respectively.Theconstructorwillinitializeallthefieldsoftheclassasrequiredusingdefaultvaluesofbaseclasses.Allothervariablesthatarenotinitializedaresetto0orNULL.该类的构造函数，成员变量的默认值：numPassengers的默认值：5gasTankSize的默认值：100fuelConsumption的默认值：11要用基类的构造函数对要求有默认值的属性进行初始化，没其它没有初始化的成员要置0或置空R13.setNumPassengers(intnumPassengers)设置可搭乘的乘客人数R14.printSpecifications()–printthespecificationofthevehicle(thevehiclespecificationfromthevehicleclass,andthenumberofpassengers).打印车辆的具体信息R15.computeTravelDistance()–超过5个人每多搭乘1个人行程将以2.5%减少例如：总油量为100公升，燃油量为10km/公升，有7个乘客,则可行使的路程为：100*10*(100-(7-5)*2.5)/100=1000*95/100=950km.2.4ClassemergencyVehicle(emergencyVehicle类)Attributes(属性)intnumWorkers属性：为每辆车分配的工作人员char*driver属性：为车辆分配的驾驶员char*station属性：车辆停靠的车站FunctionsR16.emergencyVehicle(char*type,char*driver,char*station,intnumPassengers,doublegasTankSize,doublefuelConsumption)–构造函数，部分属性平的默认值：fornumPassengers的默认值：5gasTankSize的默认值：100fuelConsumption的默认值：11wheels的默认值：6其它没有给初始值的属性要求置0或置空.R17.setAssignment(char*driver,char*station)设置分配(司机，停靠站)R18.printSpecifications()–打印的车辆（车辆规范规格从车辆类，该loadvehcile，客运车辆和emergencyequipment类）。打印车辆的具体信息R19.computeTravelDistance()–行程是loadVehicle和passengerVehicle中较小的行程2.5ClassEmgergencyEquipmen(紧急设备类)Attributes（属性）intsirenNoiseDistance–汽笛能够被听到的距离,默认为500mintnumBeds–能够同时供给病人的床位，默认值为2FunctionsR20.emergencyEquipment(intsirenNoiseDistance,intnumBeds)–构造函数给汽笛的可听见距离，床位初始化R21.getBedsNum()–返回床位数R22.printSpecifications()–打印汽笛的可听见距离，床位数2.6Containerclass(容器类)要求使用标准模板库中的list容器，list容器要求能够存储指向对象的指针，这样所有不同类型的车辆能够在同一个容器中(iterator-迭代器的使用)2.7Decisionclass(决策类)使用相应的迭代器对容器遍历，使用dynamiccasting（运行时类型信息）进行不同类之间的类型转型(如将指向不同派生类对象的基类指针转为派生类对象指针)，能够对相应不同类的成员函数的调用，这个类由城市的议会用来做决定Attributes（属性）list<Vehicle*>&vehicleList：各类车辆的指针Functions（方法）R23.decision(list<Vehicle*>&)–构造函数：接收存储各类车辆信息的容器R24.printVehiclesSpecifications-打印所有车辆的具体信息R25.printEmergencyVehicles()-单独打印紧急车辆的紧急数据信息R26.intnumberLongDistanceEmergencyVehicles()–打印不用中途加油能够行使800km以上的紧急车辆的数量R30.intnumBeds()-确定以防紧急事件这个城市能够调遣的移动床位的数量R27.intnumPassengers()–确定以防紧急事件这个城市可转移的乘客人数.2.8Testing(测试)主函数要求能够获得供议会做决定的计算结果intmain(){list<Vehicle*>vehicleList;LoadVehicle*lv1=newLoadVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(lv1);…PassengerVehicle*pv1=newPassengeVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(pv1);….EmergencyVehicle*ev1=newEmergencyVehicle(…);vehicleList.push_back(ev1);….Decisiondecision(vehicleList);decision.printVehiclesSpecifications();decision.printEmergencyVehicles();decision.numberLongDistanceEmergencyVehicles();decision.numBeds();decision.numPassengers();deletelv1;deletepv1;deleteev1;…return0;}11.写一个学生类，从person类继承，增加的属性为成绩f和评语label（字符串）。person:name,age,print()

#include<iostream.h>

classperson

{

private:

char*name;

intage;

public:

person(char*name="",intage=0)

{

this->name=name;

this->age=age;

}

voidprint()

{

cout<<"姓名："<<name<<"

年龄："<<age;

}

~person(){cout<<"Persondestructor"<<endl;}

};

classstudent:publicperson

{

private:

doublef;

char*label;

public:

student(char*n="",inta=0,doubleb=0,char*c=""):person(n,a),f(b),label(c){}

voidprint()

{

person::print();

cout<<"

成绩："<<f<<"

评语："<<label<<endl;

}

~student(){cout<<"Stuentdestructor"<<endl;}

};

voidmain()

{

persona1;

studentd1("张三",16,89.5,"优秀");

a1=d1;

a1.print();

cout<<endl;

d1.person::print();

cout<<endl;

d1.print();

}

运行结果：

姓名：张三

年龄：16

姓名：张三

年龄：16

姓名：张三

年龄：16

成绩：89.5

评语：优秀

Stuentdestructor

Persondestructor

Pressanykeytocontinueexercise15

12.Person为基类：虚函数为dailywork()~Person()

定义三个子类：StudentDoctor(char*label)Driver(char*label)

主函数：定义基类指针数组，动态创立子类对象，调用成员函数，删除创立的对象。

#include<iostream.h>

classPerson

{

public:

Person(char*name="",intage=0)

{

this->name=name;

this->age=age;

}

virtualvoiddailywork(){cout<<"姓名："<<name<<"

年龄："<<age;}

virtual~Person(){cout<<"ersondestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*name;

intage;

};

classStudent:publicPerson

{

public:

Student(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

学生";

cout<<"

评语："<<label<<endl;

}

~Student(){cout<<"Stuentdestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

classDoctor:publicPerson

{

public:

Doctor(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

医生";

cout<<"

评语："<<label<<endl;

}

~Doctor(){cout<<"Doctordestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

classDriver:publicPerson

{

public:

Driver(char*n="",inta=0,char*c="")erson(n,a),label(c){}

voiddailywork()

{

Person::dailywork();

cout<<"

司机";

cout<<"

评语："<<label<<endl;

}

~Driver(){cout<<"Driverdestructor"<<endl;}

private:

char*label;

};

voidmain()

{

Student*s=newStudent("张三",15,"好");

Doctor*d1=newDoctor("李四",45,"认真");

Driver*d2=newDriver("王五",35,"优秀");

Person*array[3];

array[0]=s;

array[1]=d1;

array[2]=d2;

for(inti=0;i<3;i++)array[i]->dailywork();

deletearray[0];

deletearray[1];

deletearray[3];

}

运行结果：

姓名：张三

年龄：15

学生

评语：好

姓名：李四

年龄：45

医生

评语：认真

姓名：王五

年龄：35

司机

评语：优秀

Stuentdestructor

Persondestructor

Doctordestructor

Persondestructor

Driverdestructor

Persondestructor

Pressanykeytocontinueexercise16

13.修改类Figure，将Point对象指针作为属性组合进来，对Figure的子类也做相应的修改。

#include<iostream.h>

classPoint

{

private:

doublex,y;

public:

Point(doublei,doublej):x(i),y(j){}

voidprint()const

{

cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")";

}

~Point(){cout<<"Point析构"<<endl;}

};

classFigure

{

private:

Point*str;

Pointcenter;

public:

Figure(doublei=0,doublej=0):center(i,j){}

Point&location()

{

str=¢er;

return*str;

}

voidmove(Pointp)

{

str=¢er;

str=&p;

draw();

}

virtualvoiddraw()=0;

virtualvoidrotate(double)=0;

virtual~Figure(){cout<<"Figure析构"<<endl;}

};

classCircle:publicFigure

{

private:

doubleradius;

public:

Circle(doublei=0,doublej=0,doubler=0):Figure(i,j),radius(r){}

voiddraw()

{

cout<<"acirclewithcenter";

location().print();

cout<<"andradius"<<radius<<endl;

}

voidrotate(double){cout<<"noeffect"<<endl;}

~Circle(){cout<<"Circle析构"<<endl;}

};

classSquare:publicFigure

{

private:

doubleside,angle;

public:

Square(doublei=0,doublej=0,doubler=0,doublea=0):Figure(i,j),side(r),angle(a){}

voiddraw()

{

cout<<"asquarewithcenter";

location().print();

cout<<"sidelength"<<side<<endl<<"TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axis

is"<<angle<<endl;

}

voidrotate(doublea)

{

angle+=a;

cout<<"TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis"<<angle<<endl;

}

voidvertices()

{

cout<<"Theverticesodthesquareare:"<<endl;

}

~Square(){cout<<"Square析构"<<endl;}

};

voidmain()

{

Circlec(1,2,3);

Squares(4,5,6);

Figure*f=&c;

Figure&g=s;

f->draw();

f->move(Point(2,2));

g.draw();

g.rotate(1);

s.vertices();

}

运行结果：

acirclewithcenter(1,2)andradius3

acirclewithcenter(1,2)andradius3

Point析构

Point析构

asquarewithcenter(4,5)sidelength6

TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis0

TheanglebetweenonesideandtheX-axisis1

Theverticesodthesquareare:

Square析构

Figure析构

Point析构

Circle析构

Figure析构

Point析构

Pressanykeytocontinue/*在Complex类中实现：重载==，!=*/

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

classComplex

{

public:

Complex(inti=0){x=i;}

friendintoperator==(Complexc1,Complexc2);

friendintoperator!=(Complexc1,Complexc2);

voiddisplay();

private:

intx;

};

voidComplex::display()

{

cout<<x;

}

intoperator==(Complexc1,Complexc2)

{

if(c1.x==c2.x)

return1;

else

return0;

}

intoperator!=(Complexc1,Complexc2)

{

if(c1.x!=c2.x)

return1;

else

return0;

}

voidmain()

{

Complexc1(6),c2(8);

if(c1==c2)

{

c1.display();cout<<"isequalto";c2.display();

cout<<endl;

}

if(c1!=c2)

{

c1.display();cout<<"isn'tequalto";c2.display();

cout<<endl;

}

}

runresult：

6isn'tequalto8本帖最后由陶亮于-11-3016:31编辑

/*

1.实现一个字符串类String，功能包括：

1、BigThree:析构函数（Destructor）复制构造函数（copyconstructor）复制赋值运算符（copyassignmentoperator）

2、下标操作符重载

:只能作为类的成员函数，不能作为类的友元函数。

3、输入输出操作符重载

4、==操作符重载

5、+操作符重载

参考Vector类

*/

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

#include<string.h>

classString

{

public:

String(){str=NULL;}

String(intm):len(m)

{

str=newchar[len];

}

String(char*s)

{

str=newchar[strlen(s)+1];

strcpy(str,s);

len=strlen(s);

}

String&operator+(String&c);

friend

istream&operator>>(istream&is,String&c);

friend

ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,String&c);

friendintoperator==(String&c1,String&c2);

~String()

{

if(str!=NULL)

delete[]str;

}

char&operator[](intn)

{

staticcharch=0;

if(n>len-1)

{

cout<<"整数下标越界"<<endl;

returnch;

}

else

return*(str+n);

}

voidDisp()

{

cout<<str<<endl;

}

voidprint()

{

cout<<len;

}

private:

intlen;

char*str;

};

String&String::operator+(String&c)

{

len+=c.len;

return*this;

}

istream&operator>>(istream&is,String&c)

{

is>>c.len;

returnis;

}

ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,String&c)

{

c.print();

returnos;

}

intoperator==(String&c1,String&c2)

{

if(c1.len==c2.len)

return1;

else

return0;

}

voidmain()

{

Stringword("thisisac++program.");

word.Disp();

cout<<"位置0："<<word[0]<<endl;

cout<<"位置15："<<word[15]<<endl;

cout<<"位置25："<<word[25]<<endl;

word[0]='t';

word.Disp();

intf=10;

Stringword2(f);

for(inti=0;i<10;i++)

word2=word;

word2.Disp();

Strings1(8),s2(5);

cout<<"输入两个整数值";

cin>>s1;

cin>>s2;

cout<<"你输入的两个值分别为：";

cout<<s1<<endl;

cout<<s2<<endl;

if(s1==s2)

{

s1.print();

cout<<"isequalto";

s2.print();

cout<<endl;

}

(s1+s2).print();

}

runresult：

thisisac++program.

位置0：t

位置15：r

整数下标越界

位置25：

thisisac++program.

thisisa

输入两个整数值2

2

你输入的两个值分别为：2

2

2isequalto2

4Pressanykeytocontinue

1.在Complex类中实现：重载-=，*=，/=操作符。

answer：

#include<iostream.h>

classComplex

{

public:

Complex(){}

Complex(doubler,doublei)

{

real=r;

image=i;

}

Complexoperator-=(Complex&t);

Complexoperator*=(Complex&t);

Complexoperator/=(Complex&t);

Print();

private:

doublereal;

doubleimage;

};

ComplexComplex::operator-=(Complex&t)

{

real-=t.real;

image-=t.image;

return*this;

}

ComplexComplex::operator*=(Complex&t)

{

real*=t.real;

image*=t.image;

return*this;

}

ComplexComplex::operator/=(Complex&t)

{

real/=t.real;

image/=t.image;

return*this;

}

Complex::Print()

{

if(image<0)

cout<<real<<image<<"i"<<endl;

else

cout<<real<<"+"<<image<<"i"<<endl;

cout<<endl;

}

voidmain()

{

Complexc1(10.0,20.0),c2(5.0,4.0),c3(5.1,4.5);

c1-=c2;

c1.Print();

c2*=c3;

c2.Print();

c3/=c1;

c3.Print();

}

runresult：

5+16i

25.5+18i

1.02+0.28125i

Pressanykeytocontinue8.实现一个字符串类String，功能包括：

1。BigThree

2。下标操作符重载

3。输入输出操作符重载

4。==操作符重载

5。+操作符重载

参考Vector类

#include<iostream.h>

#include<string.h>

classMyString

{

public:

MyString(char*s)

{

str=newchar[strlen(s)+1];

strcpy(str,s);

len=strlen(s);

}

MyString(intm)

{

len=m;

str=newchar[len];

}

~MyString()

{

delete[]str;

}

char&operator[](intn)

{

staticcharch=0;

if(n>len-1)

{

cout<<"整数下标越界";

returnch;

}

elsereturn*(str+n);

}

friendostream&operator<<(ostream&out,MyString&a);

friendistream&operator>>(istream&in,MyString&x);

MyStringoperator+(MyString&x);

friendbooloperator==(MyString&a,MyString&b);

private:

intlen;

char*str;

};

istream&operator>>(istream&in,MyString&x)

{

in>>x.str;

returnin;

}

ostream&operator<<(ostream&out,MyString&a)

{

out<<a.len<<"\t"<<a.str;

returnout;

}

MyStringMyString:perator+(MyString&x)

{

intlen1=strlen(x.str);

len=len+len1;

char*str1;

str1=newchar[len+1];

strcpy(str1,this->str);

returnstrcat(str1,x.str);

deletestr1;

*str1=NULL;

}

booloperator==(MyString&a,MyString&b)

{

boolyes=true;

if(strlen(a.str)!=strlen(b.str)){yes=false;}

else

{

intindex=0;

ints=strlen(a.str);

while(index<s&&a[index]==b[index])

{

++index;

}

if(index<s)

{

yes=false;

}

}