2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二）真题及答案详细解析

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections；

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

IIere，sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday:you're

theCEOofasmallbusiness,andthoughtyou'remakinganice」，youneedtofind

awaytotakeittothenextlevel.Whatyouneedtodois2_growthbyestablishing

agrowthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembersfromdifferentdepartmentswithin

yourcompany,anditharnessesthepowerofcollaborationtofocus3onfindingways

togrow.

Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,thesoftwarecompany

BitTorrenthad50employeesworkinginthe5_departmentsofengineering,marketing

andproductdevelopment.Thisbroughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,whentheirgrowth

plateaued.The__6_wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasis,freeversionof

theirproduct.And_7_improvementstothepremium,paidversion,fewpeopleweremaking

theupgrade.

Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeproject-marketingmanagercameabout,

9_agrowthteamandsparkedthekingof10perspectivetheyneeded.Bylookingat

engineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,itbecomeclearthatthe_llof

upgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Mostcustomersweresimplyunawareofthe

premiumversionandwhatitoffered.

Armedwiththis_12_,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforcestoraise

awarenessbyprominent1y13_thepremiumversiontousersofthefreeversion._14,

upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.

Butinorderforyourgrowth,teamtosucceed,itneedstohaveastrongleader.

Itneedssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeepthemoncoursefor

improvements.Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,setcleargoalsandestablish

atimeframeforthe17_ofthesegoals.

Thegrowthleadersarealso_18_forkeepingtheteamfocusedonmovingforward

andsteeringthemclearofdistractions.19attractivenewideascanbedistracting,

theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon，t20_thecurrentgoalandneed

tobeputonthebackburner.

SectionI答案：

1.A.~purchase_~profitT_connectionH_Bet-

2.A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate

3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially

4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example

5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisonalD.traditonal

6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem

7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.beside

8.AmoreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again

9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed

10.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal

11.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease

12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight

13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring

14.A.AsaresultB.AtanyrateC.BythewayD.Inasense

15.A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose

16.A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden

17.A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment

18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable

19A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless

20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Inthequestfortheperfectlawn,homeownersacrossthecountryaretakingas

shortcut-anditistheenvironmentthatispayingtheprice.Abouteightmillion

squaremetersofplasticgrassissoldeachyearbutoppositionhasnowspreadto

thehighestgardeningcircles.TheChelseaFlowerShowhasbannedfakegrassfrom

thisyear'sevent,declaringittobenotpartofitsethos.TheRoyalHorticulturaT

Society(RIIS),whichrunstheannualshowinwestLondon,saysithasintroduced

thebanbecauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.

EdHorne,oftheRIIS,said:〃Welaunchedoursustainabilitystrategylastyear

andfakegrassisjustnotinlinewithourethosandviewsonplastic.Werecommend

usingrealgrassbecauseofitsenvironmentalbenefits,whichincludesupporting

wildlife,alleviatingfloodingandcoolingtheenvironment.，z

TheRHS'sdecisioncomesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessoftheproblems

fakegrasscauses.ATwitteraccount,whichclaimsto"cutthroughthegreenwash”

ofartificialgrass,alreadyhasmorethan20,000followers.Itistryingtoencourage

peopletosigntwopetitions,onecallingforabanonthesaleofplasticgrass

andanothercallingforan"ecologicaldamagetax'onsuchlawns.Theyhavegathered

7,276and11,282signatures.

However,supportersoffakegrasspointoutthatthereisalsoanenvironmental

impactwithnaturallawns,whichneedmowingandthereforeusuallyconsume

electricityorpetrol.Theindustryalsopointsoutthatrealgrassrequires

considerableamountsofwater,weedkillerorothertreatmentsandthepeoplewho

layfakegrasstendtousetheirgardenmore.Theindustryalsoclaimsthatpeople

wholayfakegrassspendanaverageof$500ontreesorshrubsfortheirgarden,

whichprovideshabitatforinsects.

Inresponsetoanotherpetitionlastyearaboutbanningfakelawns,which

gathered30,000signatures,thegovernmentrespondedthatithas〃noplanstoban

theuseofartificialgrass.”

Itadded:"Weprefertohelppeopleandorganizationsmaketherightchoice

ratherthanlegislatingonsuchmatters.However,theuseofartificialgrassmust

complywiththelegalandpolicysafeguardsinplacetoprotectbiodiversityand

ensuresustainabledrainage,whilemeasure,suchasthestrengthenedbiodiversity

dutyshouldservetoencouragepublicauthoritiestostrengthensustainable

alternatives.

21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass

A.isharmfultotheenvironment

B.isahottopicingardeningcircles

C.isoverpraisedintheannualshow

D.isruiningtheviewofwestLondon

【答案】A.isharmfultotheenvironment

【解析】细节题。定位在第三段第一句，近义词配对本句中的damage和environmento

22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealthecampaigners'

A.disappointmentwiththeRHS.

B.resistancetofakegrassuse

C.angerovertheproposedtax

D.concernaboutrealgrasssupply

【答案】B.resistancetofakegrassuse

【解析】例证题。答案出自第三段第一句或第二句中theproblems..和whichclaimsto

cut.-,本题若是按照细节题来做，定位在例子本身，会有干扰选项C和D,但是C和D都

是片面信息，也不能选。所以无论是按照细节题还是例证题来处理，答案都是选择B。

23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout.

A.thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrass

B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass

C.thewaytotakecareofartificiallawns

D.thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

【答案】B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass

【解析】细节题。定位在第四段第一句whichneedmowingandthereforeusually

consumeelectricityorpetrolo消耗电力和汽油，这就是不好的一面。

24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoartificialgrass?

A.Urgelegislationtorestrictitsuse.

B.Takemeasurestoguaranteeitsquality.

C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.

D.Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives

【答案】C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules

【解析】细节题。定位在最后——段，mustcomplywiththelegalandpolicysafeguards

inplacetoprotectbiodiversity。干扰选项D只是鼓励，并不是直接替代。

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrass.

A.isbeingimprovedcontinuously

B.hasseenamarketsharedecline

C.isbecomingincreasinglyaffordable.

D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct

【答案】D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct

【解析】细节题。从最后两段可知，政府也没有计划去阻止plasticgrass的使用，但

是也要求在法律规定之内操作，同时也鼓励公共部门进行采取环保方案来替代当前的状况。

Text2

It'seasytodismissasabsurdtheTrumpadministration'sideasforplugging

thechronicfundinggapofournationalparks.Cananyonereallythinkit'sagood

ideatoallowAmazondeliveriestoyourtentinYosemiteorfoodtruckstolineup

undertheredwoodtreesatSequoiaNationalPark?

Buttheadministrationisrightaboutonething:U.S.nationalparksarein

crisis.Collectively,theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12billion.Roads,

trails,restrooms,visitorcentersandotherinfrastructurearecrumbling.

Butprivatizingandcommercializingthecampgroundswouldnotbethepanacea

thattheInteriorDepartment'sOutdoorAdvisoryCommitteewouldhaveusbelieve.

Campgroundsareatinyportionoftheoverallinfrastructurebacklog,and

questionnairesintheparkshandover,onaverage,onlyabout5%oftheirrevenues

totheNationalParkService.

Moreover,increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercutoneofthemajor

reasonswhy300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:toenjoynatureand

getarespitefromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelmsdailylife.

Therealproblemisthattheparkshavebeenchronicallystarvedoffunding.

WeconductedacomprehensivesurveyexamininghowU.S.residentsviewtheirnational

parks,andwefoundthatAmericansplaceaveryhighvalueonthem-whetherornot

theyactuallyvisitthem.Thepeer-reviewedeconomicsurveyof700U.S.taxpayers,

conductedbymailandinternet,alsofoundthatpeoplewouldbewillingtopaya

significantamountofmoneytomakesuretheparksandtheirprogramsarekeptintact.

Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbewillingtopayadditionaltaxesforthe

next10yearstoavoidanycutstothenationalparks.

ThenationalparksprovidegreatvaluetoU.S.residentsbothasplacestoescape

andassymbolsofnature.Ontopofthis,theyproducevaluefromtheirextensive

educationalprograms,theirpositiveimpactontheclimatethroughcarbon

sequestration,theircontributiontoourculturalandartistic1ifeandofcourse

throughtourism.TheparksalsohelpkeepAmerica'spastalive,workingwith

thousandsoflocalauthoritiesaroundthecountrytoprotecthistoricalsites---

includingEllisIslandandGettysburg-andtobringthestoriesoftheseplacesto

life.

Theparksdoallthisonashoestring.Congressallocatesonly$3billionayear

tothenationalparksystem-anamountthathasbeenflatsince2001(in

inflation-adjusteddollars)withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin2009aspart

oftheObamastimuluspackage.Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvisitorshasincreased

bymorethan50%since1980,andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.

26.WhatproblemsareU.S.nationalparksfacedwith?

A.Declineofbusinessprofits.

B.Inadequatecommercialization.

C.Lackoftransportationservices.

D.Poorlymaintainedinfrastructure.

【答案】D.Poorlymaintainedinfrastructure.

【解析】该题为细节题，根据题干中定位词“problems""，"U.S.

nationalparks”回原文定位到第二段第一句：U.S.nationalparksareincrisis.

下文中的theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12billion.Roads,trails,

restrooms,visitorcentersandotherinfrastructurearecrumbling.可以得至U正确答

案D°

27.Increasedprivatizationofthecampgroundmay.

A.spoilvisitorexperience

B.helppreservenature

C.bringoperationalpressure

D.boostvisitstoparks

【答案】A.spoilvisitorexperience

【解析】该题为细节题，根据题干中定位词uIncreasedprivatizationofthe

campground”回原文定位至悌四段increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercut

oneofthemajorreasonswhy300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:to

enjoynatureandgetarespitefromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelmsdaily

life,可以得到正确答案A。

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,mostrespondentsinthesurvey

wou1d.

A.gotothenationalparksonaregularbasis

B.advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks

C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks

D.supportthenationalparks'recentreforms

［答案］C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks

【解析】该题为细节题，根据题干中定位词“para5,mostrespondentsinthesurvey”回原

文定位至lj第五段：Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbewillingtopayadditionaltaxes

forthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothenationalparks.可以得到正确答案C

29.Thenationalparksarevaluableinthatthey

A.leadthewayintourism

B.havehistoricalsignificance

C.sponsorresearchonclimate

D.provideanincomeforthelocals

【答案】B.havehistoricalsignificance

【解析】该题为细节题，根据题干中定位词"Thenationalparksarevaluable”回原文定位到第

六段：ThenationalparksprovidegreatvaluetoU.S.residents第六段中提到了原因:keep

America'spastalive,workingwiththousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountrytoprotect

historicalsites可以得到只有B正确。

30.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthenationalparksystem.

A.isabletocopewithstaffshortages

B.isabletomeetvisitorsldemands

C.isinneedofanewpricingpolicy

D.isinneedofafundingincrease

【答案】D.isinneedofafundingincrease

【解析】该题为推断题，考察全文的主旨：Therealproblemisthattheparkshavebeen

chronicallystarvedoffunding出正确答案Do

Text3

TheInternetmaybechangingmerelywhatweremember,notourcapacitytodo

so,suggestsColumbiaUniversitypsychologyprofessorBetsySparrow.In2011,

Sparrowledastudyinwhichparticipantswereaskedtorecord40factoidsina

computer(anostrich'seyeisbiggerthanitsbrain,forexample).Halfofthe

participantsweretoldtheinformationwouldbeerased,whiletheotherhalfwere

tolditwouldbesaved.Guesswhat?Thelattergroupmadenoefforttorecallthe

informationwhenquizzedonitlater,becausetheyknewtheycouldfinditontheir

computers.Inthesamestudy,agroupwasaskedtorememberboththeinformation

andthefoldersitwasstoredin.Theydidn，tremembertheinformation,butthey

rememberedhowtofindthefolders.Inotherwords,humanmemoryisnotdeteriorating

but,"adaptingtonewcommunicationstechnology,Sparrowsays.

Inaverypracticalway,theInternetisbecominganexternalharddrivefor

ourmemories,aprocessknownas"cognitiveoffloading.z/Traditionally,thisrole

wasfulfilledbydatabanks,libraries,andotherhumans.Yourfathermaynever

rememberbirthdaysbecauseyourmotherdoes,forinstance.Someworrythatthisis

havingadestructiveeffectonsociety,butSparrowseesanupside.Perhaps,she

suggests,thetrendwillchangeourapproachtolearningfromafocusonindividual

factsandmemorizationtoanemphasisonmoreconceptualthinking-somethingthat

isnotavailableontheInternet.Z，Ipersonallyhaveneverseenallthatmuch

intellectualvalueinmemorizingthings,Sparrowsays,addingthatwehaven'tlost

ourabilitytodoit.

Stillotherexpertssayit'stoosoontounderstandhowtheInternetaffects

ourbrains.Thereisnoexperimentalevidenceshowingthatitinterfereswithour

abilitytofocus,forinstance,wrotepsychologistsChristopherChabrisandDaniel

J.Simons.Andsurfingthewebexercisedthebrainmorethanreadingdidamong

computer-savvyolderadultsina2008studyinvolving24participantsattheSemel

InstituteforNeuroscienceandHumanBehaviorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Los

Angeles.

“TheremaybecostsassociatedwithourincreasedrelianceontheInternet,but

rdhavetoimaginethatoverallthebenefitsaregoingtooutweighthosecosts,“

observespsychologyprofessorBenjaminStorm."Itseemsprettyclearthatmemoryis

changing,butisitchangingforthebetter?Atthispoint,wedon，tknow.〃

31.Sparrow'sstudyshowsthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrainwill

A.analyzeinformationindetail

B.collectinformationefficiently

C.switchitsfocusofmemory

D.extenditsmemoryduration

【答案】C.switchitsfocusofmemory

【解析】细节题。原文第一段首句给出Sparrow的观点，互联网只改变我们记忆的东西，

而不改变我们的能力。然后开始描述她做过的实验，最后一句话又总结道，人们的记忆力并

没有退化，而是在适应新的传播技术。由此可知，有了互联网，人类的大脑在转变记忆重点。

A选项，分析细节信息；B选项，更高效的收集信息和D选项，延伸记忆长度，都不对。

32.Theprocessofucognitiveoffloading”.

A.helpsusidentifyfalseinformation

B.keepsourmemoryfromfailing

C.enablesustoclassifytrivialfacts

D.lessensourmemoryburdens

【答案】D.lessensourmemoryburdens

【解析】细节题。首先，cognitiveoffloading的意思是认知卸载，看offload的构

词法，load是装载，off是向下，去掉，大概能猜出是“不要负担”的意思；然后回原文定

位到第二段的第一句话，互联网已经成为我们记忆的外部硬盘了。也就是说帮我们承担了很

大的记忆量。然后开始举例子，说本来这个角色是数据银行、图书馆或其他人承担的，比如

你爸从来不记生日，是因为你妈帮他记了。就说明cognitiveoffloading就是减轻大脑记

忆负担的意思。而A选项，帮我们辨认错误信息；B选项，防止我们大脑坏掉和C选项，帮

我们分类琐碎信息，都不对。

33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSparrowsupportabouttheInternet?

A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach.

B.Itmayimpactoursocietynegatively.

C.Itmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnology.

D.Itmayinterferewithourconceptualthinking.

【答案】A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach.

【解析】细节题。根据34题题干可知，本题答案应该还在第二段，问Sparrow对于互

联网的态度，由原文第二段第四句可知，虽然很多人担心这对于社会有毁灭性影响，

“这”就是“认知卸载”的过程，也就是互联网带来的影响，但是Sparrow看到了

upside,也就是正向态度。所以B选项，消极影响我们的社会和D选项，干扰我们的概念性

思维，方向都不对；后面接着说，可能这个趋势changeourapproachtolearning,改变

了我们学习的方式对应了A选项reformourlearningapproach,同义转述。C选项，提高

了我们对于科技的适应性，是答非所问。

34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInternetaffects

ourbrains.

A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch

B.ismoststudiedinolderadults

C.isreflectedinourreadingspeed

D.dependsonourweb-surfinghabits

［答案］A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch

【解析】细节题。根据题干回文定位到第三段第一句话，还有其他的教授说现在要解释

互联网对于大脑的影响还太早了，后面接着说，没有实验证明它干扰了我们集中注意力的

能力，所以A选项互联网对于大脑的影响需要进一步的实验研究，对。

35.NeitherSparrownorStormwouldagreethat

A.ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostly

B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory

C.memoryexerciseisamustforourbrains

D.ourabilitytofocusdeclineswithage

【答案］B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory

【解析】推断题。注意题干的Neither…nor是并列否定,既不…也不…，问Sparrow和

Storm两个人都不会同意的一个论述是什么。回到原文最后一段，都是Storm的观点，他

首先说会有代价，但是总体来看利大于弊，然后又说显然我们的记忆力在变化，但不知道

好还是坏，所以Storm对Internet持偏正向态度的，而Sparrow的观点在原文第一段的首

句说互联网在改变我们记忆的内容但不是能力，以及后面提到对于Internet持正向态度，

综合来看，他们都不会同意Internet损害记忆力这件事，并且B选项也更向主旨靠拢，全

文都在说Internet和Memory的关系。

Text4

Teenagersareparadoxical.That/samildanddetachedwayofsayingsomething

thatparentsoftenexpresswithconsiderablystrongerlanguage.Buttheparadoxis

scientificaswellaspersonal.Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwho

havereliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverythingbecomeindependentpeoplewho

cantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesametime,oncecheerful

andcompliantchiIdrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers.

AnewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,byEvelineCroneofthe

UniversityofLeidenandcolleagues,suggeststhatthepositiveandnegativesides

ofteenagersgohandinhand.Thestudyispartofanewwaveofthinkingabout

adolescence.Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicymakersconcentratedontheidea

thatteenagerswereaproblemthatneededtobesolved.Thenewworkemphasizesthat

adolescenceisatimeofopportunityaswellasrisk.

Theresearchersstudied"prosocialandrebellioustraitsinmorethan200

chiIdrenandyoungadults,rangingfrom11to28yearsold.Theparticipantsfilled

outquestionnairesabouthowoftentheydidthingsthatwerealtruisticandpositive

likesacrificingtheirownintereststohelpafriend,orrebelliousandnegative,

likegettingdrunkorstayingoutlate.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatrebelliousbehaviorincreasesasyoubecomea

teenagerandthenfadesawayasyougrowolder.Butthenewstudyshowsthat

interestingly,thesamepatternholdsforprosocialbehavior.Teenagersweremore

likelythanyoungerchildrenoradultstoreportthattheydidthingslike

unselfishlyhelpafriend.

Mostsignificantly,therewasapositivecorrelationbetweenprosocialityand

rebelliousness.Theteenagerswhoweremorerebelliouswerealsomore1ikelytohelp

others.Thegoodandbadsidesofadolescenceseemtodeveloptogether.

Istheresomecommonfactorthatunderliestheseapparentlycontradictory

developments?Oneideaisthatteenagebehaviorisrelatedtowhatresearcherscall

''rewardsensitivity.Decision-makingalwaysinvolvesbalancingrewardsandrisks,

benefitsandcosts."Rewardsensitivity,,measureshowmuchrewardittakesto

outweighrisk.

Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocialrewards-winningthegame,

impressinganewfriend,gettingthatboytonoticeyou.Rewardsensitivity,like

prosocialbehaviorandrisk-taking,seemstogoupinadolescenceandthendownagain

asweage.Somehow,whenyouhit30,thechancethatsomethingexcitingandnewwill

happenatthatpartyjustdoesn，tseemtooutweightheeffortofgettingupoffthe

couch.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto

A.developoppositepersonalitytraits

B.seetheworldinanunreasonableway

C.havefoundmemoriesoftheirpast

D.showaffectionfortheirparents

【答案】A.developoppositepersonalitytraits

【解析】细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段。第一段第四句话，〃在青少年时期，几乎

所有事情都依赖大人的、无助和依赖的孩子成为了独立的人，他们可以照顾自己，互相帮

助，对应选项A〃发展相反的性格特征二

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatCrone，sstudy

A.exploresteenagersJsocialresponsibilities

B.examinesteenagers?emotionalproblems

C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence

D.highlightsnegativeadolescentbehavior

［答案】C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence

【解析】细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段。第二段第二句话，〃这项研究是关于青春

期的新思潮的一部分。”对应选项C。选项A中的socialresponsibilities未提及。选项B中

的emotionalproblems未提及。选项D“突出青少年的消极行为"曲解原文。原文第二段第

一句讲的是“研究表明，青少年的积极面和消极面是相辅相成的。〃

38.WhatdoesCrone'sstudyfindaboutprosocialbehavior?

A.Itresultsfromthewishtocooperate.

B.Itiscultivatedthrougheducation.

C.Itissubjecttofamilyinfluence.

D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.

［答案］D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.

【解析】细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段。第四段第一、二句话，〃其他研究表明，

叛逆行为随着青少年的成长而增加，然后随着年龄的增长而消失。但有趣的是，新的研究

表明，亲社会行为也有同样的模式。〃也就是说，“亲社会行为在青少年时期达到顶峰。〃

对应选项D。选项A中的cooperate未提及。选项B中的education未提及。选项C中的farrdly

influence也未提及。此题需要注意的是，虽然第三段也有提到prosocial,但并未提及研究

结论。

39.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagers

A.overstresstheirinfluenceonothersI

B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition

C.becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture

D.endeavortoliveajoyfullife

［答案］B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition

【解析】推断题。此题应结合最后两段来看，倒数第二段前两句话提到，“这些明显矛

盾的发展背后是否有一些共同因素？一种观点认为，青少年的行为与研究人员所称的〃奖

励敏感性〃有关。〃最后一段第一句话讲到，“青少年对社交奖励特别敏感一一嬴得比赛，给

新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到你。〃通过比对选项，对应选项B〃非常关心社会

认可”。

40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.

B.Whyteenagersarerisk-sensitive.

C.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.

D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.

［答案］A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.

【解析】主旨题。本篇文章第一段一句讲到，青少年是矛盾的。随后的研究结论，揭

示青少年的积极面和消极面是相辅相成的。然后提到，叛逆行为随着青少年的成长而增加，

然后随着年龄的增长而消失。亲社会性和叛逆性之间存在正相关。更叛逆的青少年也更有

可能帮助他人。青春期的好与坏似乎是共同发展的。最后两段写到，这些明显矛盾的发展

背后是否有一些共同因素？一种观点认为，青少年的行为与研究人员所称的〃奖励敏感性〃

有关。青少年对社交奖励特别敏感,这些奖励会给新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到

你。这些都是在解释说明，为什么青少年会自我矛盾。

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumn

toitscorrespondinginformationintheright

column.TherearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumnMark

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(IOpoints)

Net-zerorulessettosendcostofnewhomesandextensionssoaring

Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergyefficiencyaresetto

increasethepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsandloftconversions

onexistingones.

Therules,whichcameintoeffectonWednesdayinEngland,arepartofgovernment

planstoreducetheUK，scarbonemissionstonetzeroby2050.Theysetnewstandards

forventilation,energyefficiencyandheating,andstatethatnewresidential

buiIdingsmusthavechargingpointsforelectricvehicles.

Themovesarethemostsignificantchangetobuildingregulationsinyears,

andindustryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherpricesatatimewhen

ashortageofmaterialsandhighlaborcostsarealreadydriving