必修4动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语

动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语.表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.=keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjobHishobbyispainting.=Paintingishisjob..表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态（动词ing相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,puzzling,exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thenewssoundsencouraging.二、动词-ing形式作定语.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodforworking 工作方法readingmaterial阅读材料Nooneisallowedtospeakloudinthereadingroom.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。(注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么)developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题sleepingchild熟睡的孩子walkingstick手杖livingroom起居室runningwater自来水.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面，做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.(=whichisfacingsouth)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasket?(=Whoisplayingbasket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ThemanvisitingJapan(=themanwhoisvisitingJapan)ismyuncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。第2页Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenhard.在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。Themantalkingto（=themanwhoistalkingto）theteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。三、动词-ing形式作宾补1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.2、当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,catch,listento等）+sb+doingsth（作宾补）Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.Icaughtastrangerslidingintothemanager'soffice.2）表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have,set,keep,get,leave等）+sb/sth+doingsth（作宾补）Wekeptthefireburningallnight10ng.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Thissetsmethinking.Youshouldn'tkeepyourlightsburningintheday.4、see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式（省to）作宾语补足语的区别：Weheardthetelephonering.Weheardthetelephoneringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。四、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于旬末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等）Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations...）Hearingthenews,theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Havingfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.(=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework/Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,Hernywenthome.)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidn,tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill...)Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.(=Ashewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.)Notknowinghisphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.(=Becausewedidn'tknowhisphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.)3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingisthemostpopularsportintheworld.(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries;asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.)4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.第5页=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindagoodway.)Drivingtoofast,you?lldamagethecar.(=Ifyoudrivetoofast,you?lldamagethecar)5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Althoughtoilingalltheyearround(=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround),thepoorpeasantcouldn'taffordtosendhischildrentoschool.这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。Weighingalmostonehundredjin(=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin),theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Thesixblindmenstoodalldaylongbytheroadside,beggingformoney(=theywerebeggingformoney).这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。Hewentout,slammingthedoor(=heslammedthedoor).他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。一、同义句转换(用动词-ing形式)第6页.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thedelay..Johnwatchedcuriouslyandthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.Johnwatchedcuriously,thatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy..WhileIwaswaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithhim.forthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithhim..BecauseIwasill,Istayedathome.,Istayedathome.5.Ifyouturnrightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice.rightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice..Becauseshehadbeenbeatenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.二、选择填空ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong,Ihaveneverheardyouit.A.beingsung;sangB.sang;singingC.sung;singD.tobesung;tosingItwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.A.toburnB.burn C.burningD.burnedHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting—Didyoumeetanyoneattheparty?—No,infact,Ifoundthepartyrather.A.interesting;boring B.interested;boringC.interesting;bored D.interested;boredThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaughtandletheroff.A.tohavestolen B.tobestealingC.tosteal D.stealingDon?tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.to第8页runTheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplayAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmoke D.smokedHisjobisallthechildren.A.lookafterB.lookedafterC.lookingafterD.havinglookedafterDoyouknowthegirlnearthewindow? Sheismydeskmate.A.seating B.standing C.issittingD.isstandingWhatworriedtheboymostwastovisithisfatheristhehospital.A.hisnotbeingallowed B.hisnotallowingC.hisnotbeenallowed D.hisbeingnotallowedIsitpossibleforaChineseschooltoacceptthepolicytheuseofmobilephonesoncampus?A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted第9页D.beingpermitted Wasyesterday'sconferencesuccessful? Notreally.Thenumberofwasmuchsmallerthanwehadexpected.A.peoplewhoattendB.peopleattendedC.peopleattendingD.peopleattendsuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslip?A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.TobeinggivenD.TohavegivenLivingnearthesea,.A.weenjoyfreshairandbeautifulsight.B.freshairandbeautifuliswhatweenjoyC.itisfreshandbeautifulsightiswhatweenjoyD.soweenjoyfreshandbeautifulsightThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotwellprepared,andtolosemyface,IgaveuptheEnglishcontest.A.notwanting B.notwant C.notwantedD.nottowantTherearemanymistakesinhisessay,hisfailure.A.whichresults B.leadingto C.ledtoD.thatledto第10页suchheavyloss,thebusinessmandoesn'thavethecouragetogoon.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Sufferedtheproject,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedThoughnaturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lackingD.lackedin,heseemstobeverynervous.A.JudgefromappearanceB.JudgesfromappearanceC.JudgedfromappearanceD.Judgingfromappearan动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。首先，动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。.动名词用作主语.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。.有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面第11页It’snousetalkingwithhim.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。.“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。Therewasnoarguingwithher.没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。.有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他现在不踢足球了。三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表条件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表让步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）第12页

Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时,动词的-ing为现在分词。.动名词用作表语Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。.现在分词用作表语Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thedaywassocharming.天气真是好极了。Thedifferencewasmoststriking.差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即：现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。.动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣.现在分词作定语developingcountries发展中国家渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑developingcountries发展中国家渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑condition现有条件theremainingdays剩下的岁月的和平aboomingtown日theexistinglastingpeace持久第13页六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另夕卜，有些使役动词如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as,前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。.动名词用作补语IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning是主语补语）.现在分词用作补语Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我们发现他等着欢迎我们。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我们使火一直燃烧着。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddrive.他们说这青年积极肯干。Hewasseengoingupstairs.有人看见他上楼。现在分词和动名词练习Theoldfarmer,thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,forhelp.A.supporting;callingB.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting;第14页calledOh,it’salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening? We'llgoonwiththematterthisafternoon.A.bediscussed B.beingdiscussingC.discussed D.whichdiscussedThebravemandied,hisyoungwifenothingbutacottage.A.left;breaking B.leaving;brokenC.left;broken D.toleave;breakinghardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.Havingbeenworked B.NottohaveworkedC.Havingneverworked D.Neverhaveworked5.theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.Nopassing B.HavingpassedC.Notpassing D.Nothavingpassed6.Time,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermittheboycouldn'tenterhishouse.第15页A.Sincethekeyhaslost B.ThekeybeenlostC.Lostthekey D.Havinglostthekeyintomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.Beingtranslated B.HavingtranslatedC.Tobetranslated D.Havingbeentranslatedfortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblamefromhearttrou