2023学年完整公开课版高中英语3Module4SandstormsinAsiaM4Gramm

Objective1.Tolearnaboutinfinitive2.Tounderstanddifferenttypesofinfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式Infinitive不定式1.作主语1)Tomasteraforeignlanguage

isnecessaryforacollegestudent.2)Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.2.作表语Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3.作宾语Shepromisedtogivehimachance.agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebut

toliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcept

tocomplain.当句子中的主动词为do时,but,except后的动词不定式省去to;can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbut

playallday.2.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbut

tocry.3.Hecan’tchoosebut

doit.4.There’snothingtodoexcept/but

waittillitstopsraining.4.作宾语补足语Theteachertold

hisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等动词后常接tobe+adj.作宾补。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.C.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。Couldyoutellmehow

torepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewhere

tofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhat

todowiththesesentencepatterns.

D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时,不加to,help后可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.5.作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语1.

Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.2.

Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.6.作后置定语1)Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)2)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.

(动宾关系)3)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.

(同位关系)不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.7.作目的状语，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.8.作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,

nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,

causing100deaths.Tobecomeadesignerismydream.

Toseeistobelieve.Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Whoisthefirsttocomeandlasttogo?Werefusetocheatinexaminations!

ToimproveyourEnglish,youneedtostudyhard.WeareaskedtohandinourCoachingPapernextweek.IampuzzledtohearthenewsthatheresignedonSeptember,12.主语主语;表语目的状语定语宾语目的状语主语补足语原因状语不定式的时态

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。不定式的进行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。

主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.不定式的语态一般式完成式进行式主动式被动式

todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendonetobebeingdone判断时间:看不定式动作与谓语动词发生的先后关系判断语态:

看不定式动作与逻辑主语的关系不定式的时态(1)一般式（todo或者tobedone）--在之后发生。(2)进行式(tobedoing或者tobebeingdone)–强调同时发生。(3)完成式(tohavedone或者tohavebeendone)—强调在之前发生。Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Heissaidtohavebeenkilledbyathief.Iwanttohaveaholidayassoonaspossible.Iwanttobeinformedofeverythingaboutmyson.Translate:1.Tracy最近似乎瘦了。Tracyseemstohavelostsomeweight.2.班主任进来的时候，他假装在做作业。Hepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhentheheadteachercamein.3.上海是中国第一座建造磁悬浮列车的城市。ShanghaiisthefirstcityinChinatohavebuiltthemaglevtrain.特殊结构（Page36）can’tbut,can’tchoosebut与can’thelpbut+do“不得不”。 我不能不钦佩她的勇气。Ican’tbutadmirehercourage.

她只好做这事了。

Hecan’tchoosebutdoit.我不禁爱上她。

Ican’thelpbutloveher.2.在连词but之前有“do”省“to”.她什么都不做，只是抱怨。Hedoesnothingbutcomplain. 工人们什么都不做，只是喝茶聊天。Theworkersdonothingbut