2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.（1）,medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir（2）abouttheeffectofsmoking（3）thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust（4）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay（5）morethanthesmokersthemselves.A（6）numberofourstudentshave（7）inaneffortto（8）theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare（9）rightintheiraim.（10）,Iwouldhopethatitis（11）toachievethisby（12）thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern（13）othersratherthanbyregulation.Iamthereforeaskingyouto（14）“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being（15）,whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.问题1选项A.StillB.MoreC.AgainD.Further问题2选项A.concernB.troubleC.interestD.displeasure问题3选项A.onB.inC.withD.to问题4选项A.involuntarilyB.instinctivelyC.spontaneouslyD.reluctantly问题5选项A.endureB.sufferC.undergoD.putupwith问题6选项A.fewB.considerableC.manyD.quantitative问题7选项A.linkedB.connectedC.associatedD.joined问题8选项A.makeB.persuadeC.causeD.commit问题9选项A.entirelyB.totallyC.justD.wholly问题10选项A.ButthenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Moreover问题11选项A.likelyB.probablyC.capableD.possible问题12选项A.pleadingB.beggingC.insistingD.callingon问题13选项A.withB.forC.toD.in问题14选项A.inscribeB.decorateC.maintainD.claim问题15选项A.onheadB.inheartC.inmindD.inyourbrain2.单选题Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）问题1选项A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.问题2选项A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.问题3选项A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.问题4选项A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.3.单选题Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.1wouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreser-vationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcava¬tor’sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforallloappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreply,everythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryar¬tifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.Irefertothethousandpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasl’melekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4000examplessofar.Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds；asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbe¬comeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephoto¬graphedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoa¬greetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbase¬ments?4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?问题1选项A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifactsB.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofessionC.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsitesD.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts问题2选项A.AmarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexistsB.SuchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalueC.MuseumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifactsD.Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollections问题3选项A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.问题4选项A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.4.单选题IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountries,nurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,FederalStateandlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.问题1选项A.latterB.otherC.lateD.first问题2选项A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.which问题3选项A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative问题4选项A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction问题5选项A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even问题6选项A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although问题7选项A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly问题8选项A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover问题9选项A.overB.inC.atD.about问题10选项A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing5.单选题

Theambassadorwasaccusedofhaving（）ondomesticaffairs.问题1选项A.trespassedB.encroachedC.entrenchedD.invaded6.单选题Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.问题1选项A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable7.单选题Itisnoneofyourbusiness;youhavenorightto（）.

问题1选项A.disturbB.interfereC.interruptD.obtain8.单选题Hebroughtanentirelynewlevelofstyleandsophisticationtojazzmusic.Althoughagiftedpianoplayer,DukeEllingtonusedtheorchestraashisprincipalinstrument.Heconsideredhimselfacomposerandarrangerratherthanjustamusician,likeJellyRollMortonbeforehim.Itwasin1917whenDukebeganplayingmusicprofessionallyinWashington,D.C.StridepianoplayerslikeJamesP•JohnsonandWillie“TheLion”Smithinfluencedhispianotechnique.DukeledabandcalledTheWashingtonians,whichplayedatTheHollywoodClubinManhattan(theclubwaslaterrenamedastheKentuckyClub).ThisbandacquiredastyleallitsownwhentrumpetplayerBubberMileyjoinedit,bringingwithhimhisuniqueplunger-mutestyleofplaying.Calledthe“JungleSound，”thissoundcametobelargelyresponsibleforEllington’searlysuccess.AgoodexampleofthisstyleofplayingisthesongEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo.In1924，thegrouprecordedtheirfirstalbum,ChooChoo(GottaHurryHomeandRainyNights(RainyDays)).However,thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.In1927,thebandre-recordedversionsofEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo,thendebutedtwosongsthatwouldbeassociatedwithDukefortherestofhiscareer,BlackandTanFantasyandCreoleLoveCall.Ellington’sOrchestra,unlikemanyofitscontemporaries,wasabletomakethetransitionfrom1920shotjazzto1930sswingmusic.Onesongitplayed,ItDon’tMeanaThing(IfItAin’tGotThatSwing),evencametodefinetheera.WhatkepttheEllingtonOrchestraamajorforceinjazzwasthisveryabilitytoadaptandgrowwiththetimes.ThefameandinfluenceofEllingtoncontinuedtogrowthroughoutthe40sand50s.HisbandcontinuedtocomeupwithjazzstandardslikeTakethe‘A’Train,Perdido,the4C’JamBlues,andSatinDollDukewroteseveralreligiouspiecesinthe1960s.HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,amongthemCharlesMingusandMaxRoachwithwhomheplayedatrio.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,DukeEllingtonworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPTasa（）.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthispassagemostprobablyagreewith?4.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutDukeEllingtonaretrueEXCEPT（）.问题1选项A.thelifeofDukeEllingtonB.theshiftfromjazztoswingmusicC.themusicofDukeEllingtonD.thedevelopmentofjazzmusic问题2选项A.bandleaderB.singerC.bandmanagerD.composer问题3选项A.DukeEllington’sresistancetochangecausedthecollapseofhismusicalcareer.B.DukeEllingtondidmostofhisjazzcompositionsincollaborationwithothers.C.DukeEllington’sclassicalcompositionsarehisgreatestcontributiontomusic.D.DukeEllington’ssophisticatedmusicalstylegreatlyinfluencedthejazzgenre.问题4选项A.Hetrainedseveralbandstoperformhisjazzmusic.B.Hehadalwaysperformedwithhisownband.C.Hewasamajorinfluenceinjazzmusic.D.Hecomposedmanysongsthatdefinedacertainperiod.9.单选题Iam（）toMr.MorrisonbecauseofthekindnessandconcernthatheshowedmewhenIfirstgothere.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.unforgettableC.desirousD.indebted10.单选题Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（

）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.问题1选项A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notify11.单选题WhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.Butintheheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople一sign,coach,andhousepainters一begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.1.InLines3-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat（

）2.Accordingtothepassage，whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?（

）3.Theword“this”inLine8refersto（

）4.Thephrase“usheringin”inLine14isclosestinmeaningto（

）5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintportraits?（

）问题1选项A.consistedmainlyofself-taughtartists.B.appreciatedportraits.C.influencedAmericanfolkart.D.hadlittletimeforthearts.问题2选项A.InwesternNewYork.B.InIllinoisandMissouri.C.InConnecticutandMassachusetts.D.InOhio.问题3选项A.astrongcrafttradition.B.Americanfolkart.C.NewEngland.D.westernNewYork.问题4选项A.beginning.B.demanding.C.publishing.D.increasing.问题5选项A.Thelackofastrongcrafttradition.B.Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters.C.Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings.D.Theinventionofthecamera.12.单选题Themusicarousedan（

）feelingofhomesicknessinhim.问题1选项A.intentionalB.intermittentC.intenseD.intrinsic13.单选题问题1选项A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo14.单选题The（）ofcomputertechnologyhasledtomajorchangesinoursocialandfamilylife.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent15.单选题Teenagechildrenbegantoasserttheirindependenceandthiscanleadtogooddealof（）inthefamily.问题1选项A.controversyB.frictionC.restrictionD.contradiction16.单选题Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphiloso¬phies.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harm¬ful,oraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesthatweunquestionablyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd；BraveNewWorldridiculesthepreten¬sionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxley,andpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiremethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopin¬ions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscom¬bination,andspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausethereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Sat¬ireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstore¬mindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaishypocritical,sentimental,andonlypar¬tiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbutlendloforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.WhydoestheauthormentionDonQuixote,BraveNewWorldandAModestproposalinthefirstparagraph?3.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatiricliterature?4.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（）问题1选项A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.B.Populartopicsofsatire.C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.问题2选项A.Theyarefamousexamplesofsatiricliterature.B.Theypresentcommonsensesolutionstoproblems.C.Theyareappropriateforreadersofallages.D.Theyarebookswithsimilarstories.问题3选项A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.B.Oddcombinationofobjectsandideas.C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralsandethics.D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.问题4选项A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopmentB.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulatedC.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurateD.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities17.单选题

Ifyou（）theprincipleofdemocraticgovernmenttoyourfamilyyouwillrunintosomeobviousdifficulties.问题1选项A.carryB.trackC.manipulateD.adapt18.单选题Nopresidentwhoperformshisdutiesfaithfullyand（）canhaveanyleisure.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.conscientiouslyC.nervouslyD.piously19.单选题Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.问题1选项A.intermsofB.infavorofC.inspiteofD.inplaceof20.单选题Ateamofresearchers（）theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react21.翻译题1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

22.单选题ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting23.单选题Wewere（）inthemiddleofourconversation.问题1选项A.cutoffB.cutdownC.cutinD.cutout24.单选题Competition,theybelieve,（

）thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens25.单选题

I’llgototheairporttomorrowmorningto（）agoodfriendwholeavesforAustralia.问题1选项A.seeoffB.sendoffC.turnoffD.saydeparture第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:C【解析】（1）逻辑关系。前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康，所以前后两句都是表示吸烟会带来不好的影响，为递进关系。选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。concern“关心”；trouble“麻烦”；interest“兴趣，爱好”；displeasure“不愉快”。句意：医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。concernabout“关心，顾虑”。选项A符合题意。（3）固定搭配。effecton“对......的影响”，文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文语境。involuntarily“无心地，不自觉地”；instinctively“本能地”；spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉强地”句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。选项D符合题意，（5）近义词词义辨析。endure特指忍耐的时间较长，强调时间；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指经历某些过程。句意：不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气，遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。选项B符合题意。（6）形容词词义辨析。few“几乎没有，少的”；considerable“相当大的”；many“大量的”，quantitative“定量的”。句意：大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”，选项B符合题意。（7）动词词义辨析。link“；连接，联系”；connect“连接”；associate“联系，关联”；join“加入”。句意：很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。选项D符合题意。（8）上下文语境。根据文章意思，是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟，persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”，选项B符合题意。（9）副词词义辨析。entirely“程度上整个地，彻底地”；totally“整个地”；just“仅仅，只”；wholly“全部，统统”。句意：他们在目的上完全是正确的，强调程度。选项A符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的，空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。所以前后是转折关系。选项B符合题意。（11）近义词辨析。本空填形容词“可能的”，所以排除B选项。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”，排除likely,capable“能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，选项D符合题意。（12）动词词义解析。plead“恳求”；beg“请示”，语气更加强烈。insist“坚持”，在文章中是号召大家禁烟，所以用“callon”短语，选项D符合题意。（13）短语搭配。文章意思为表示对他人的关心，选项B符合题意。（14）动词词义辨析。inscribe“雕刻”；decorate“装饰”；maintain“保持”；claim“声称”。句意：我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。选项C符合题意。（15）短语搭配。文章意思为将不吸烟的人的健康和幸福放在心上。“have...inmind”符合文意。选项C符合题意。2.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章第一段，高失业率确实是现在存在的一种社会现象，并且会持续下去。所以选项中“atruthoflife”最符合题意，选项D最符合题意。2.信息推断题。根据文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工业时代的到来推动了整个工业模式的变化。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段。所有人都受到了就业影响，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些没有受雇的人，如学生和退休人员，故选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知选项D符合题意。3.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。第一段介绍了考古界面临的问题。根据文章第二段，“makeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.”作者是想提出一种方法解决考古的两个问题，一个是资金问题，另一个是非法挖掘的问题。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“thereistheproblemofillegalexcavationtresultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.”。可知非法挖掘导致了艺术品卖出高价，存在这样的市场，所以A项可排除。根据文章第三段，“youmaybecorrectinclammingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.”，可知认为每件工艺品都有价值是错的，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.”，可知博物馆已经没有足够的空间，无法储藏未来可能会被发现的文物，说明已经储藏了很多这样的文物，所以选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…notlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds…”可知由于储存空间不够，没有足够的资金把它们编入目录，一旦被放进去就难以被找到。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforallloappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.”，可知人们认为古代文物是供人们欣赏的，而不是卖出高价，所以人们会反对被展出的文物卖给私人收藏家。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A【解析】（1）上下文语义题。根据上文中提到1954年，时间应该为19世纪后期，故选项A符合题意。（2）代词词义解析。本句为一个独立的简单句，所以课排除关系代词whose和which，those意思是他们的形容词性物主代词，选项B符合题意。（3）名词词义解析。impetus“推动”；input“输入”；imitation“模仿”；initiative“主动权”。句意：日托所运动在一战期间受到了极大的推动力。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文语境题。sources“来源”；abundance“丰富：充裕”；shortage“短缺”；reduction“减少”。此句的意思应该表示男性劳动力的短缺，选项C符合题意。（5）逻辑关系考查题。根据上下文，这里是对建立日托所运动的一个进一步说明。所以用even甚至这个单词。选项D符合题意。（6）逻辑关系考查题。文章中的“withoutgovernmentaidofanykind”与“underdirectgovernmentsponsorship”存在鲜明对比，意思完全相反，所以有转折意思。选项D符合题意。（7）考查副词。unanimously“无异议地”；sharply“急剧地”；predominantly“支配地”；militantly“好战地”。句意：在美国，托儿所的数量急速增长，政府并未给予援助。选项B符合题意。（8）逻辑关系考查。根据上下文，此句存在转折意义。选项C符合题意。（9）固定短语考查。考查介词搭配，controlover“控制”，选项A符合题意。（10）动词词义辨析。formulating“规范”；labeling“贴标签”；patenting“取得……的专利权”；licensing“批准”。选项A符合题意。5.【答案】B【解析】近义词词义辨析。trespass“非法入侵，法律上的入侵”，encroach“蚕食，侵占”，entrench“侵犯，挖掘壕沟”，invade“侵略，侵袭”。句意：这个大使被指控干涉别国的内政。有侵犯别国权利意思的单词是encroach，选项B符合题意。6.【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。exploited“被利用的”；controversial“有争议的”；inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”；remarkable“卓越