2023年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Tobe（

）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.问题1选项A.frankB.pertinentC.mildD.vivid2.单选题Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther（

）.Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.问题1选项A.narroweddownB.cooleddownC.drivenhomeD.broughtabout3.单选题Theyhadtoeata(n)（

）meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.问题1选项A.temporaryB.hastyC.immediateD.urgent4.单选题Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked5.单选题Somediseasesare（

）bycertainwateranimals.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transformedC.transportedD.transmitted6.单选题WhenIwentintothediningroomthenextmorning,the（

）ofthedinnerwerestillonthetable.问题1选项A.remainsB.reliesC.remnantsD.surplus7.单选题Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.问题1选项A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience8.单选题Thecitygovernmentis（

）reformingthesocialsecuritysystem.问题1选项A.contemplatingB.reflectingC.overtakingD.nourishing9.单选题Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFridayanalyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomicstrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition（营养不良）andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohumandrivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed（有瑕疵的）”.However,SorenAnderasen,asocialscientistatDahlbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?问题1选项A.GlobaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopmentB.RatesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarmingC.MalnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountriesD.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters问题2选项A.ItwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexpertsB.ItarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcirclesC.ItwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalistsD.Itcauseabigstirindevelopingcountries问题3选项A.ItsstatisticslookembarrassingB.ItisinvalidintermsofmethodologyC.ItdeservesourclosestattentionD.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated问题4选项A.ItsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddataB.ItisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexaminedC.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconferenceD.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders问题5选项A.HowrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarmingB.HowhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereducedC.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscaleD.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards10.单选题You’llhavetochangeyour（

）oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.问题1选项A.formB.moldC.moodD.mode11.单选题Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.问题1选项A.accompaniedB.attendedC.entertainedD.shielded12.单选题Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（

）afterthefloodin1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected13.单选题Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac（囊）,oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛细血管）arebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale（吸入）,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen（氮）.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)Aboutonefifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide（

）.2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.问题1选项A.produceenergyforbreathingB.diffuseimmediatelyinthebloodC.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacsD.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs问题2选项A.moreoxygenwascontainedinbloodB.morecarbondioxidewascontainedinthebloodC.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsacD.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac问题3选项A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungsB.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxideC.keeptheregularcirculationofbloodD.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles问题4选项A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofairB.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofairC.remainsthesameaswebreatheitinD.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs问题5选项A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygenB.theevaporationofmoistureC.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxideD.generatingapassageforevaporation14.单选题Weshouldget（

）tothatnewjournal.问题1选项A.asubscriptionB.aprescriptionC.aninscriptionD.aconscription15.单选题Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.问题1选项A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing16.单选题Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded17.单选题

Iwasaboutto（

）amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.问题1选项A.rubB.hitC.scrapeD.strike18.翻译题Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariablelanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.——onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.19.单选题Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target20.单选题TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys21.单选题I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.问题1选项A.paidoffB.takenitstollC.madeadifferenceD.shownup22.单选题AKoreanmanufacturerhas（

）usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told23.单选题Histotalworldlypossessions（

）littlemorethantheclotheshestoodupin.问题1选项A.amountedtoB.settledforC.turnedoffD.cameat24.单选题Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.问题1选项A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend25.单选题Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesuseful（

）itforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.问题1选项A.bywhichB.towhichC.inthatD.sothat第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank为固定搭配，意为“老实说，坦率地说”。句意：坦率地跟你说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。选项A正确。2.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。narrowdown意为“缩减，压缩，减少”；cooldown意为“变凉，冷却，冷静”；drivehome意为“开车回家”；bringabout意为“导致，引起”。句意：在昨天的会议上，我们的分歧进一步缩小了。下一步是制定一个双方都能接受的解决方案。3.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。temporary“暂时的，临时的”；hasty“匆忙的，轻率的”；immediate“立即的，直接的”；urgent“紧急的，急迫的”。句意：他们只能急匆匆地吃了饭，不然音乐会他们就会迟到了。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意中听到的。选项C符合语境。5.【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。remain“遗迹，剩余物”；rely“依靠”；remnant“剩余”；surplus“剩余；顺差”。句意：当我第二天早上去餐厅时，昨天晚餐剩下的东西还在桌上。选项A符合题意。7.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。8.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。contemplate意为“考虑，考虑接受（发生某事的可能性），深思熟虑”；reflect意为“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；overtake意为“追上，赶上”；nourish意为“滋养，施肥于”。句意：市政府正在考虑改革社会保障制度。9.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（amethodologicalembarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（whosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases），选项D“富裕国家怎样更好地帮助贫穷国家减少气候带来的危害”符合题意。10.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode意为“方式，风格，样式”。由changeyour____oflife（改变你的生活____）可知D选项最符合逻辑，modeoflife表示“生活方式”。句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。11.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴随，通常和介词“by”搭配；attend出席，照顾，照料，通常和介词“to”搭配；entertain娱乐，招待，通常和介词“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介词“from”搭配。句意：这就是我生病住院时照顾我的护士。只有选项B能和介词“to”搭配，所以正确。12.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。survive“幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer“遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。13.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章提到气囊中二氧化碳过多会迫使人进行呼吸，而不是说它们为呼吸产生能力，因此选项A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易从血液中扩散到气囊中”（whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs），由此可知二氧化碳是扩散到气囊而不是到血液中，所有选项B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的前半部分提到“所以氧气可以很轻易地通过气囊壁从气囊扩散到血液中”（sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood），所以选项C“它们都是很慢地渗透到气囊中”说法错误，排除。因此，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“当血液被心脏送到肺里的时候，它是从身上其他细胞里流回来的，所以流入气囊壁的血液带有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空气”（Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen），所以这个时候血液里的二氧化碳含量会增加，选项B符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“由胸部的运动而产生的呼吸，促进了废气从气囊中排除，为肺部带来新鲜的空气”（Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair），选项A“帮助肺部的氧气和二氧化碳进行交换”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第四段提到“空气是气体混合而成,其中氮气含量最高，这种气体我们人体不需要，所以当我们吸气和呼气时这种其他的含量是不会变的”（Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout），选项C“与吸入时一样”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句提到气道和气囊中的水分会一直蒸发直到空气几乎饱和的时候（Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesan