2023年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Asforloveofchildren,thisloveis（）expressedthroughsupplyingmaterialcomforts,a-musements,andeducationalopportunities.问题1选项A.increasinglyB.tolerablyC.dynamicallyD.obediently2.单选题Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto（）themselveswiththeneedsoftheruralmarket.问题1选项A.adhereB.acknowledgeC.acquaintD.activate3.单选题Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.问题1选项A.putonB.putoutC.putinD.putforward4.单选题Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（）bytheformermilitaryruler.问题1选项A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant5.单选题Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi•humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.问题1选项A.thetruthmakesmenfreeB.peoplecanprotectthemselvesC.princesarehumanD.leadershavetobeconsistent问题2选项A.anyoneinpowerB.electedofficialsC.aristocratsD.sonsofkings问题3选项A.tootrustingB.reliantonforceonlyC.strongandpowerfulD.lackinginforce问题4选项A.admiredforhistrickeryB.nomatchforthelionC.pitiedforhiswilesD.consideredworthless问题5选项A.beprudentandfaithfulB.cheatandlieC.haveprincipletoguidehisactionsD.followthetruth6.单选题Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.问题1选项A.activatedB.alleviatedC.deterioratedD.mediated7.单选题Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.问题1选项A.deviatedB.disconnectedC.detachedD.distorted8.单选题Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant9.单选题Itisnecessaryforthevaluablespeciesto（）itselfinordertostayinexistence.问题1选项A.inferB.propagateC.injectD.jerk10.单选题Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortofsumneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow,andwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsofindividualsbothathomeandoverseas.Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhichheoriginallyplacedit.Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（证券经纪人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney.ManyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbytheGovernmentorbylocalauthorities.Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry.TheStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance.1.Almostallcompaniesinvolvedinnewproductionanddevelopmentmust（）.2.Themoneywhichenablesthesecompaniestogoaheadwiththeirprojectsis（）.3.Whenthesaverswanttheirmoneybackthey（）.4.Alltheessentialservicesonwhichwedependare（）.5.TheStockexchangemakesitpossiblefortheGovernment,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries（）

.问题1选项A.relyontheirownfinancialresourcesB.persuadethebankstoprovidelong-termfinanceC.borrowlargesumsofmoneyfromfriendsandpeopleweknowD.dependonthepopulationasawholeforfinance问题2选项A.repaidtoitsoriginalownersassoonaspossibleB.raisedbythesellingofsharesinthecompaniesC.exchangedforpartownershipinTheStockExchangeD.investedindifferentcompaniesonTheStockExchange问题3选项A.askanothercompanytoobtaintheirmoneyforthemB.lookforotherpeopletoborrowmoneyfromC.puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarketD.transfertheirmoneytoamoresuccessfulcompany问题4选项A.runbytheGovernmentorourlocalauthoritiesB.inconstantneedoffinancialsupportC.financedwhollybyratesandtaxesD.unabletoprovidefortheneedsofthepopulation问题5选项A.toborrowasmuchmoneyastheywishB.tomakecertaineverybodysavesmoneyC.toraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopmentsD.tomakecertaineverybodylendsmoneytothem11.单选题Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.destructiveC.turbulentD.prevalent12.单选题Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.问题1选项A.prevailsB.provokesC.mediatesD.mandates13.单选题Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim,andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“life”or“reality”hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashed（释放的）emotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecar-riesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.Forme，thismoment——fouryearsinamomentinhistory——wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme.Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteris-tics.FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.Nylon，meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn’tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen”.ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasahar-monioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyim-pressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyfore-seeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisim-moral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures.Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurch（突然倾斜）fromitspathwhenyouseesome-thinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?2.Whydoestheauthorstillclearlyrememberthewar?3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor’sfeelingsaboutthewar?4.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds?5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatstringandtinfoilaretreasures?问题1选项A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.B.Timeislikeariver.C.Emotionsarepowerful.D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.问题2选项A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.B.Itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.C.Therewasnotmuchtobuy.D.Thewarwouldneverend.问题3选项A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.问题4选项A.Adultswouldliketobeyoung.B.Sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings.C.Sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers.D.Theywillbefightingsoonforadults.问题5选项A.Thewarhasmadethemscarce.B.Theyareusefultosixteen-year-olds.C.Helikedthemwhenhewassixteen.D.Peopleareverywasteful.14.单选题Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved•Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareerbecause（）3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?问题1选项A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexesB.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuousC.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofcultureD.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes问题2选项A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestionB.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyearsC.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchangingD.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles问题3选项A.preferableB.prevalentC.presumableD.precedent问题4选项A.femalepassivityisnaturalB.menandwomenarephysicallyidenticalC.menareborncompetitiveandaggressiveD.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired问题5选项A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.C.Financialincentives.D.Desireforasociallife.15.单选题Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but（）themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.问题1选项A.presentlyB.summarilyC.seriouslyD.hesitantly16.单选题Theystoodgazingatthehappy（）ofchildrenplayinginthepark.问题1选项A.perspectiveB.viewC.landscapeD.scene17.单选题Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraisequestions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge18.单选题Enthusiastsfromaroundtheworld（）onLeMansfortheannualcarrace.问题1选项A.coverageB.idiotC.consumeD.converge19.单选题Manyyearsagopeoplethoughttheearthwasflat.Theybelievedthatthesky（）abigup-side-downbowlandthatthesun,moon,andstarswerelampshangingfromthetopofthebowl.Later,people（）better.Theyfoundoutthattheearth（）round.Wecallthestudyoftheskiesandtheplanetsastronomy,（）wecallthewatchersoftheskiesastronomer.EarlyastronomersthoughttheearthwasthecenterofTheythoughttheheavensspun（）theearth.Later,theychangedtheir（）Theyknewtheearthwasnotthecenter.Theybelievedthattheearthandthe（）planetsspinaroundthesun.Todayweknowthisistrue.Ancientscientistsstudiedtheskies（）simpleinstruments.Thefirstperson（）atele-scopewasnamedGalileo.In1610（）fourmoonsaroundtheplanetJupiter.Today（）usemorecomplexequipment.Someofthesemeasurethebrightnessoflight.（）breaklightsupintodifferentcolors.Radiotelescopesmakestarsandplanets（）farcloserthanGalileo’stelescopecould.Earlyastronomers（）fiveplanetsinthesky.BesidesEarth,theyknewaboutmercury,Ve-nus,Mars,Jupiter,andSaturn.In1781aseventhonewasdiscoveredandnamedUranus.Yearslat-er,astronomersfoundanotherplanetandcalleditNeptune.TheninthplanettobefoundiscalledPluto.Itwasnot（）until1930.Todayscientistscan（）almostanywhere.Theyhavereachedtheheavenswiththeirspace-craft.In1959,aspacecraft（）tookpicturesofthedarksideofthemoon.TheyearslateraspacecraftlandedtwoAmericansonthemoon.Otherimportantjourneysintospace（）.Whoknows?Maybe（）humanbeingswillliveonanotherplanet.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.问题1选项A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were问题2选项A.spokeB.toldC.knewD.swore问题3选项A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.were问题4选项A.andB.butC.yetD.still问题5选项A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything问题6选项A.aroundB.roundC.aboutD.along问题7选项A.jobsB.mindsC.suggestionD.advice问题8选项A.otherB.anotherC.restD.remained问题9选项A.byB.onC.withD.within问题10选项A.touseB.usedC.usesD.ofusing问题11选项A.inventedB.createdC.sawD.discovered问题12选项A.musiciansB.carpentersC.astronomersD.scholars问题13选项A.TheothersB.OthersC.AnotherD.Theother问题14选项A.lookB.lookingC.tolookD.looks问题15选项A.couldhaveseenB.couldseeC.hadseenD.saw问题16选项A.trappedB.servedC.discoveredD.settled问题17选项A.runB.exploreC.playD.relax问题18选项A.firstB.firstlyC.forthefirstD.firstofall问题19选项A.followedB.hadfollowedC.werefollowingD.follow问题20选项A.somedayB.somedayC.somedaysD.somedays20.单选题

Thoughsometimes（）alltoooftentechnologyisseenasapanaceaforthegreateconomic,social,andpoliticalchallengesfacingthenationasitembarksonthepathofmodernization.问题1选项A.expensiveB.effectiveC.ignoredD.calamitous21.单选题ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（），awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.问题1选项A.CirculationB.reproductionC.manipulationD.penetration22.写作题Inthecurrentjobmarket,universitygraduatesarehavingahardtimefindingjobswhilemanyemployersarecomplainingabouttheshortageofworkhands.Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsanalyzingthephenomenon.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.23.单选题Whenherealizedhehadbeen（）tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.问题1选项A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced24.单选题Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat问题1选项A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation25.单选题Whyshouldanyonewanttoread（）ofbooksbygreatauthorswhentherealpleasurecomesfromreadingtheoriginals?问题1选项A.digestsB.insightsC.themesD.leaflets第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。句意：至于对孩子的爱，这种爱总是表现在

为他们提供物质上的安逸，玩乐和教育的机会。increasingly逐渐地；tolerably可容忍地；dynamically充满活力地；obediently服从地。因此，A项符合句意。2.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。此处为固定搭配，acquaintwith意为“熟悉，了解”。

3.【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意：如果这里有人不同意我的意见，他应该提出自己的计划来改善这些人的生活条件。

4.【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意：最初的选举由前军事统治者宣布。Void无效的；vulgar庸俗的；surplus多余的；extravagant奢侈的。因此，A项void符合句意。5.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理题。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一种方法是不够的，还要使用第二种方法）。D选项“领导者必须始终如一”符合题意。2.推理题。根据文章推断,“Prince”指代的是A项“任何掌权的人”。3.推理题。根据题干关键词“lion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis，由此推测lion仅有力量但不能保护自己免入陷阱。因此B项正确。4.推理题。根据题干关键词“fox”定位至第二段：Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.由此可知，狐狸是狡猾的，而且作者对此持肯定态度。因此A项正确。5.推理题。第二段指出：Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist…thosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest。因此作者认为，精明的领导者应该向狐狸学习，善于伪装。B项正确。6.【答案】B【解析】句意：这种药（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A选项activated触发；B选项alleviated减轻，缓解；C选项deteriorated使恶化；D选项mediated调解。选项B符合句意。

7.【答案】A【解析】句意：每个工作日，工人们遵循着同样的日程表，很少常规。A选项deviated脱离，偏离；B选项disconnected切断；拆开；C选项detached分离，拆开；D选项distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意为“背离，偏离”，应选A。

8.【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（）。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。

9.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。句意：为了能够使珍稀物种生存，必须进行。infer推论；propagate繁殖；inject注射；jerk猛拉。因此，B项符合句意。10.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出：SOcompaniesturntothepublic,invitingpeopletolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits（因此，公司转向公众，邀请人们借钱给他们，或是在企业中分一杯羹，以换取未来利润的一份份额）。因此，D选项“依靠大众作为资金来源”，符合题意。2.B。细节题。第一段指出：Thistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessisnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,andrequiresmoremoneythanisraisedthroughTheStockExchange（他们通过发行股票和股票来实现这一目标）。因此B项“通过出售公司股份筹集”正确。3.C。细节题。第二段指出：Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker（证券经纪人）tosomeothersaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney（相反，通过证券经纪人出售股票给其他正在寻求投资机会的人，就可以让资金回笼）。因此，C项“puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarket”正确。4.B。推理题。第三段指出：Hospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,equipmentandnewdevelopment,iftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiremoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone（几乎所有的服务都需要更多的资金来更好地运营，而不仅仅只是靠税收）。因此推测，B项“不断需要资金支持”正确。5.C。细节题。根据题干关键词“Government,localauthoritiesandnationalizedindus-tries”定位至第三段：TheGovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthentoo,cometoTheStockExchange（政府、地方当局和国有工业因此需要经常借钱以支撑主要的经济开支，然后需要转向证券交易所）。因此，C项“筹集资金资助新的发展”正确。11.【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。cumulative积累的；destructive破坏性的，毁灭性的；turbulent骚乱的，混乱的；prevalent普遍的。句意：飓风是具有杀伤力的风，其（）力量在于其能够造成的物质损坏。因此,B选项符合句意。

12.【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。句意：政府（）在所有车中使用安全带。prevail胜过，获胜，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑衅；mediate调解，斡旋，居中；man-date授权，托管，强制。D选项“强制”符合句意。

13.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.第一段指出：everyonehasamomentinhishistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim（每个人在他的历史上都有一个属于他的时刻）,选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段指出：thewarwasandisrealityforme（战争对作者来说很真实），这是作者为何记住战争的原因，选项B符合题意。3.文章第二段指出：Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics，由此推测战争对他来说是非常真实的，但是文章中并没有提到作者是一名战士，因此选项A符合题意。4.根据题干关键词“adultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-olds”定位至文章第三段：whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.可知成年人之所有会对16岁少年印象深刻是因为他们知道这些少年将来会为他们打仗，选项D符合题意。5.根据题干关键词“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”定位至第三段，第三段前面提到：Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare，因此推测当时战争使得物资匮乏，后面指出了“Stringandtinfoilaretreasures”。故答案为A选项。14.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我们才意识到，每一种性别的身份并不容易被确定下来，而且定义是根据我们所知的不同类型的文化，即科学发现和意识形态革命而演变的）。因此，D项正确。2.细节题。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世纪初的时候，生物学和遗传学取得的实质性进展正在从根本上挑战每一性别所扮演的角色、责任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，这些被认为是“无可争议的”）。因此，C项（关于妇女角色的观念一直在改变）正确。3.语义题。根据题干关键词“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthe