2022年浙江省温州市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022年浙江省温州市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Thetraditionalideathatcompetitivesportsbuildcharacterhasapparently______intoday'sU.S.

2.RichDad,PoorDadM

Ihadtwofathers,arichoneandapoorone.Onewashighlyeducatedandintelligent;hehadaPh.D.andcompletedfouryearsofundergraduateworkinlessthantwoyears.HethenwentontoStanfordUniversity,theUniversityofChicago,andNorthwesternUniversitytodohisadvancedstudies,allonfullfinancialscholarships.Theotherfatherneverfinishedtheeighthgrade.

Bothmenweresuccessfulintheircareers,workinghardalltheirlives.Bothearnedsubstantialincomes.Yetonestruggledfinanciallyallhislife.TheotherwouldbecomeoneoftherichestmeninHawaii.Onediedleavingtensofmillionsofdollarstohisfamily,charitiesandhischurch.Theotherleftbillstobepaid.

Theyhadverydifferentpointsofviewaboutthesubjectofmoney.Forexample,onedadwouldsay,"Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil."Theother,"Thelackofmoneyistherootofallevil."Thecontrastintheirpointsofview,particularlywheremoneywasconcerned,wassoextremethatIgrewcuriousandintrigued.Ibegantostartthinkingforlongperiodsoftimeaboutwhateachwassaying.

Oneofthereasonstherichgetricher,thepoorgetpoorer,andthemiddleclassstrugglesindebtisbecausethesubjectofmoneyistaughtathome,notinschool.Mostofuslearnaboutmoneyfromourparents.Sowhatcanpoorparentstelltheirchildaboutmoney?Theysimplysay"Stayinschoolandstudyhard."Thechildmaygraduatewithexcellentgradesbutwithapoorperson'sfinancialprogrammingandmind-set.Itwaslearnedwhilethechildwasyoung.

Moneyisnottaughtinschools.Schoolsfocusonscholasticandprofessionalskills,butnotonfinancialskills.Thisexplainshowsmartbankers,doctorsandaccountantswhoearnedexcellentgradesinschoolmaystillstrugglefinanciallyalloftheirlives.

Althoughbothdadsworkedhard,Inoticedthatonedadhadahabitofputtinghisbraintosleepwhenitcametomoneymatters,andtheotherhadahabitofexercisinghisbrain.Thelong-termresultwasthatonedadgrewstrongerfinanciallyandtheothergrewweaker.Itisnotmuchdifferent

fromapersonwhogoestothegymtoexerciseonaregularbasisversussomeonewhositsonthecouchwatchingtelevision.Properphysicalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforhealth,andpropermentalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforwealth.Lazinessdecreasesbothhealthandwealth.

Mytwodadshadopposingattitudesinthought.Onedadthoughtthattherichshouldpaymoreintaxestotakecareofthoselessfortunate.Theothersaid,"Taxespunishthosewhoproduceandrewardthosewhodon'tproduce."

Onedadrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytoworkfor."Theotherrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytobuy."

Onedadsaid,"ThereasonI'mnotrichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."Theothersaid,"ThereasonImustberichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."

Oneencouragedtalkingaboutmoneyandbusinessatthedinnertable.Theotherforbadethesubjectofmoneytobediscussedoverameal.

Onesaid,"Whenitcomestomoney,playitsafe,don'ttakerisks."Theothersaid,"Learntomanagerisk."

Onebelieved,"Ourhomeisourlargestinvestmentandourgreatestasset."Theotherbelieved,"Myhouseisaliability,andifyourhouseisyourlargestinvestment,you'reintrouble."

Bothdadspaidtheirbillsontime,yetonepaidhisbillsfirstwhiletheotherpaidhisbillslast.

Onedadbelievedinacompanyorthegovernmenttakingcareofyouandyourneeds.Hewasalwaysconcernedaboutpayraises,retirementplans,medicalbenefits,sickleave,vacationdaysandotherperks.Theideaofjobprotectionforlifeandjobbenefitsseemedmoreimportant,attimes,th

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Intheeyesofanadult,sportsinhighschoolareactually,______ratherthansimpleextensionsoftheclassroom.

4.

Ifwewanttolearnthevastnessoflanguageandthelimitsofgrammar,weshould______.

5.

NocaptainsandnopilotseverescapedtheTriangleaccidents.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

WildGiantPandasaresolelyfoundinSichuan,andthesouthwesternpartsofGansuandShanxiprovinces.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Whenyougotoacompanyforaninterview,thereisnoneedtocarethefeelingsoftbereceptionists.

8.Whomightdisliketheideaofarrangingbooksbytheircolors?

A.Thosewholikepaintingonthebookshelves.

B.Thosewhotendtoarrangeanythingscientifically.

C.Thosewhoarecolor-blind.

D.Thosewhousuallycannotrememberthecolorsofbooks.

9.

Scientistsuse______totestwhethertheirgeneticmodificationofaplantissuccessful.

10.

eBayisfamousmostlyforitisabigauctionwebsite,withallkindsofthingsforbidding:

A.YB.NC.NG

11.DavidVaughan'sgroupfoundthatmostoftheglaciersalongthePeninsulawereinretreat.

12.

Disposableproductsarenotbeneficialtothedevelopmentofmodernindustry.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.WhatisthedifferencebetweenJoostandKaZaAaccordingtoFredrikdeWahl?

A.KaZaAbenefitedtheindustrywhichitentered.

B.KaZaAdidn'timpacttheindustrywhichitentered.

C.Joostdoesn'tthreatentheindustrywhichit'sentering.

D.Joostnegativelyimpactstheindustrywhichit'sentering.

14.

Beingassertiveisnotenoughtosolvethebullyproblem.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Despitemultipleauthors,thebookis______throughoutthetext.

16.

DollyMadisononceinvitedthechildrenofWashingtontorollboiledeggsdownthehillylawnof______.

17.

Childrencanreceive______fromtheoldmenwhenbroughtwaterfromwellsinthedesert.

18.AccordingtoJohnMaynardKeynes,whencangovernmentsusedevaluationofcurrencytotakeinpeople?

A.Whenvalueisinherentinmoney.

B.Whenmetalcurrencybecomesatoken.

C.Whencashcan'tbeusedanonymously.

D.WhenMoore'slawbeginstowork.

19.

Iftheproblemisapsychologicalone,wecan'tattemptto______.

20.

Landcanbepollutedby______fromagriculture.

A.heavymetals

B.pesticidesandnitrate-poorfertilizers

C.slurryfromlivestock

D.rubbish

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(26)

A.Maryistroubled.

B.Marybasesheropinionsonfacts.

C.Marylooksatthefacts.

D.Maryonlyseeswhatshewantstosee.

22.(15)

A.Hewantstoliveoffcampus.

B.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestolivingoffcampus.

C.Livingspaceinthedormiscrowded.

D.Thereareonlyafewapartmentsavailableoffcampus.

23.听力原文：M:Hi,Helen,whatdoyouthinkofourclassinchildren'sliterature?

W:It'sprettygood.Iwassurprisedtoseeyouthere.Areyoualsomajoringinelementaryeducation?

M:No,I'mnot,butasapsychologymajor,Icanusethistofulfilltherequirementindevelopmentalpsychology.

W:Haveyoufinishedthefirstassignmentyet?

M:Notyet.Ijustboughtthebookstoday.Howaboutyou?

W:Istartedthisafternoon.It'sgreatfunreadingthosewonderfulchildren'sstoriesbyDr.Seuss.

M:Dr.Seuss?Idon'trememberseeinghisnameonthereadinglist.

W:HisfullnameisTheodorSeussGeisel.That'showit'slistedinthebibliography.Dr.Seussishispenname.

M:Ilovedreadingthosestoriesasachild.It'llbeinterestingtoreadthemnowfromadifferentperspective.Iguessit'llgivemeagoodideaabouthowchildrenthink.

W:Thosestoriesarealsogreatforclassroomuse.

M:Howisthat?

W:Well,takeatypicalDr.Seuss'booklikeTheCatintheHat.Ithasacontrolledvocabularyofonly200words.

M:Sothatmeansthechildrengetlotsofpracticeinusingasmallnumberofwordsoverandover.

W:Exactly.Infact,TheCatintheHatwaswrittenprimarilytoshowhowacontrolledvocabularyreadercouldalsobeinterestingandfun.

M:Well,itsoundsthatallthesecoursesaregoingtobeinterestingandfun.IthinkI'llgetstartedonthisreadinglisttonight.

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A.Arthistory.

B.Elementaryeducation.

C.Americanliterature.

D.Psychology.

24.(46)

25.听力原文：Yourprofessorhasaskedmetotalktoyoutodayaboutthetopicthatshouldbeofrealconcerntocivilengineers:theerosionoftheUSbeaches.Letmestartwithsomestatistics.Didyouknowthat90%ofthecoastinthiscountryiseroding,onthegulfofMexicoforinstance,erosionaverages4to5feetperyear?Overthepast20years,therehasbeenallincreaseinbuildingalongthecoast,eventhoughgeologistsandenvironmentalistshavebeenwarningcommunitiesaboutproblemslikeerosion.Someway,communitieshavetriedtoprotecttheirbuildingsandroadsandtobuildseawalls.

However,geologistshavefoundthatsuchstabilizingstructuresactuallyspeedupthedestructionofthebeaches.Thesebeacheswithseawalls,calledstabilizedbeaches,aremuchnarrowerthanbeacheswithoutthem.Youmaywonderhowseawallsspeedupbeachloss.Theexplanationissimple.Iftheflowofthebeachesisgentle,thewaterenergyislessenedasitwashesupalongtheshore.Itisreducedevenmorethatreturnstotheseasoitdoesn'tcarrybackmuchsand.Ontheotherhand,whenthewaterhitsthenearly-verticalfaceoftheseawall,itgoesstraightbacktotheseawiththefullforceofitsenergyanditcarriesbackagreatdealofsand.Becauseoftherealriskoflosingbeaches,manygeologistssupportabanonalltypesofstabilizingconstructiononshorelines.

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A.Toprotectbeachfrontproperty.

B.Toreducethetrafficonbeachroads.

C.Toprovideprivacyforhomeowners.

D.Todefinepropertylimits.

26.

【B9】

27.【B10】

28.

【B6】

29.(34)

A.Theyarechangedtomakethesitemoreinteresting.

B.Theyareexpandedtolimittheamountofconstruction.

C.Theyareintegratedintothedesignofthebuilding.

D.Theyareremovedforconstruction.

30.(25)

A.Peoplewillaccumulatelessmoneytosupportthemselves.

B.Peoplewillbedeprivedofacoupleofproductiveyears.

C.Peoplewilldiscoverthelifeisplainandboringafterretirement.

D.Peoplewillnotgetallofthepensions.

31.听力原文：Agoodmarriagemeansgrowingasacouplebutalsogrowingasindividuals.Thisisn'teasy;marriagehasalwaysbeendifficult.Whythenareweseeingsomanydivorcesatthistime?Yes,ourmodernsocialfabricisthin,andyes,thepermissivenessofsocietyhascreatedunrealisticexpectationsandthrewthefamilyintodisorder.Butdivorceissocommonbecausepeopletodayareunwillingtoexercisetheself-disciplinethatmarriagerequires.Theyexpecteasyjoy,liketheentertainmentonTV,thethrillofagoodparty.

Marriagetakessomekindofsacrifice,notdreadfulself-sacrificeofthesoul,butsomelevelofcompromise.Someofone'sfantasies,someofone'slegitimatedesires,havetobegivenupforthevalueofthemarriageitself."Whileallmaritalpartnersfeelshackedattimes,itistheywhoreallychoosetomakethemartialtiesintoconfiningchainsorsupportingbonds,saysDr.Walter.Marriagerequiressexual,financialandemotionaldiscipline.Amanandawomancannotfolloweveryimpulse,cannotallowthemtostopgrowingorchanging.

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A.Becauseitisdifficulttomaintainamarriage.

B.BecausepeoplelikewatchingTVprograms.

C.Becausepeoplepreferfreedomtoself-discipline.

D.Becauseoursocietyispermissivetowardsdivorces.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Nowadays,somevegetariansdonoteatanymeatproductsoranyfoodmadefromanimal,includingmilkproducts,eggsandhoney.Thiskindofdietiscalledavegandiet.Butmostvegetariansincludedairyproductsintheirdietandmanyvegetarianseateggs.(26)Somepeopleconsiderthemselvespartialvegetarians,becausetheydonoteatmeatorfarmbirds,buttheydoeatfish.

Astudyhasshownthatthehumanbody'sstructureisactuallynotsuitedforanimalmeatconsumption.Moreover,duringanimalproduce,peoplemayusedrugswhichmighthavesideeffectonhumanhealth.Withavegetariandiet,youmaynothavetoworryaboutthesepossiblehealthrisks.

(28)Plantfoodisadirectsourceofmorenutrientscomparedtoanimalfood.Especiallywhenvegetariandietsarewellplanned,youcanbesurethatyouwillbegettingpropernutritionthatyouneed,whichisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Toooften,ithasbecomeacommonmisunderstandingthatnutritionfrommeatconsumptionisbetterthanvegetariannutrition.Normally,vegetarianshavemoreendurancethanthosewhoeatmeat.Vegetarianscanstillgetadequateamountsofproteinbyincreasingintakeofwheat,wholegrainsandvegetableswithoutmeat.(27)Moreover,thenutritionthatavegetariandietprovidescangiveyouahealthierbodyandapositiveattitudetowardslife,whichcanleadtoabetterqualityoflife.Infact,vegetariansareknowntolivelongerlivesthanmeateaters.

(27)

A.Peoplewhoeatfishandeggsbutnobeeformilk.

B.Peoplewhoeatfishandbeefbutnoporkoreggs.

C.Peoplewhoeatfishbutnobeeforchicken.

D.Peoplewhoeatfishbutnobeeforcheese.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina(36)supremebeing,toattitudestowardsuccessandhappiness,andtothevaluesplacedonfriendship,love,family,ormoney,sincetheseare(37)transmittedthroughcommunication.

Parents,(38)peergroups,schools,religiousinstitutions,andgovernment(39)agenciesarethemainteachersofculture.Onenew(40)instrumentforspreadingcultureistheInternet.BecausetheInternet,althoughworldwide,isso(41)dominatedbytheUnitedStatesandbytheEnglishlanguageandidiom,"Somecountries,"notesonemediawatcher,"alreadyunhappywiththe(42)aggressionofAmericancultureareworriedthattheircultureswillbefurther(43)erodedbyanAmericandominanceincyberspace".

Adifferentprocessoflearningcultureisacculturation(文化互渗),(44)theprocessbywhichyoulearntherulesandnormsofaculturedifferentfromyournativeculture.Throughacculturation,youroriginalornativecultureismodifiedthroughdirectcontactwithanewanddifferentculture.Forexample,whenimmigrantssettleintheUnitedStates,thehostcountry,theirownculturebecomesinfluencedbythehostculture.Gradually,thevalues,waysofbehaving,andbeliefsofthehostculturebecomemoreandmoreapartoftheimmigrantsculture.(45)Atthesametime,thehostculturechanges,too,asitinteractswiththeimmigrants'culture.Generally,however,thecultureoftheimmigrantchangesmore.Thereasonsforthisarethatthehostcountry'smembersfaroutnumbertheimmigrantgroup,(46)andthemediaarelargelydominatedbyandreflectthevaluesandcustomsofthehostculture.

Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina【36】being,toattitudestowardsuccessandhappiness,andtothevaluesplacedonfriendship,love,family,ormoney,sincetheseare【37】throughcommunication.

Parents,【38】groups,schools,religiousinstitutions,andgovernment【39】arethemainteachersofculture.Onenew【40】forspreadingcultureistheInternet.BecausetheInternet,althoughworldwide,isso【41】bytheUnitedStatesandbytheEnglishlanguageandidiom,"Somecountries,"notesonemediawatcher,"alreadyunhappywiththe【42】ofAmericancultureareworriedthattheircultureswillbefurther【43】byanAmericandominanceincyberspace".

Adifferentprocessoflearningcultureisacculturation(文化互渗),【44】.Throughacculturation,youroriginalornativecultureismodifiedthroughdirectcontactwithanewanddifferentculture.Forexample,whenimmigrantssettleintheUnitedStates,thehostcountry,theirownculturebecomesinfluencedbythehostculture.Gradually,thevalues,waysofbehaving,andbeliefsofthehostculturebecomemoreandmoreapartoftheimmigrants'culture.【45】Generally,however,thecultureoftheimmigrantchangesmore.Thereasonsforthisarethatthehostcountry'smembersfaroutnumbertheimmigrantgroup,【46】

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34.

【B8】

35.(24)

A.Forherhusband.

B.Forhernervousness.

C.Forherownholiday.

D.Forherchildren.

36.听力原文：W:Canyoufigureoutwhat'swrongwithJohn?Hedoesn'ttalktoanyonesincelastweek?

M:He'shadaterribletimewithhiswife.Butithassomethingtodowithhisparents.

Q:Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Hehassometroublewithhisparents.

B.Hisparentshadaquarrel.

C.Heandhiswifemighthavehadaquarrel.

D.Hiswifeandhisparentsmighthavedisagreedwitheachother.

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：I'dliketosharewithyoutodaymyexperiencewithanewapproachtobuildingahouse.It'scalledEnvelopBuilding.Essentially,whatitmeansisthatasyouarebuildingahouse,youtrytoleavethelandscapefeatureontheland,especiallythevegetationintheoriginalcondition.Sowhatyouarenotdoingistheusualpracticeofland-scraping.BywhichImeanliterallyscrapingorcleaningthelandofanyandalltheoriginalplants.WhyistheapproachcalledEnvelopBuilding?Becauseinsteadofclearingeverythingaway,youletyouroriginallandscapeelementsenveloporsurroundyourhouse.LettheVegetationphysicalfeaturessuchashillsandslopesorinterestingrockformations,constitutedasignificantpartofthecharacterofthebuildingsight.Thedesignofthehouseshouldtakethesefeaturesofthepropertyintoaccount.Actuallyintegratingyouroriginalwildlandscapewithahouseisnotthatnew.ThefamousAmericanarchitectWrightwasdoingitabout65yearsago.Soweareingoodcompany.EnvelopBuildingisnotaseasyasitsoundsthough.It'snotjustthatyoubuildyourhouseandleavethelandalone.Bybuilding,youarealreadydamagingtheoriginallandscape.Butasarchitects,weshouldtrytoworkwithenvironment,hotagainstit.Acreativearchitectcanfindwaystoincorporatenaturallandscapeintotheoveralldesign.Forexample,Wrightusedthemassivebouldersonthesideofoneofthemostfamoushousesaspartofthehousefoundation.

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A.Eliminatingtheoriginalvegetationfromthebuildingsite.

B.Markingthehousesinanareasimilartooneanother.

C.Decidingwhereahousewillbebuilt.

D.Surroundingabuildingwithwildflowersandplants.

38.(42)

39.(16)

A.Turndownthevolumeofthemusic.

B.Turnthemusicoff.

C.Playadifferentstyle.ofmusic.

D.Listentomusicinadifferentroom.

40.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?

Manypeopleareafraidtoassertthemselves.Dr.RobertAlbert,authorofStandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,thinksit'sbecausetheirself-respectislow."There'salwaysa'superior'around—aparent,ateacher,aboss—who'knowsbettor.'"

ButAlbertandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"courses.IntheATcoursepeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobeaggressivewithouthurtingotherpeople.

Inoneway,learningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganATcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstrongermotive—theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels.

Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyou,youmaystarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.Butwhyshouldyou?ATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudo,youcanlearntospeakout.

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A.Somepeoplebuythingstheydonotwant.

B.Somepeopleareafraidtosticktotheirrights.

C.Therearemanysuperiorsaroundyou.

D.Somepeopledonotthinkhighlyenoughofthemselves.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

What'ssystematicphonicsfirstandnecessarystep?

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

"ItisdifficultnottohearinStandardEnglishalwaysthesoundofslaughterandconquest"(Hooks,1994).

Leaningonelanguagemeansacquiringitsculturebecauseonecannotbeseparatedfromtheother.Thisgainisaccompaniedbytheinevitabletransformationorlossofcertainaspectsofthefirstlanguageandculture.Thefearformany,therefore,isthatteachingonecommonlanguagewillcreateacommonworldculture,butattheexpenseoftheotherculturesworldwide.Thislossofculturewillultimatelyleadtoalossofthemanydifferentidentitiescreatingaclone(克隆)ofthemoredominantidentityoftheEnglishSpeakingWorld.

Theindividuals'culturalidentitywilldisintegrate(碎裂、分解),leadingtoasuppressedidentityespeciallyifthefirstlanguageandcultureareconsidereddeficientcomparedtothelearnedlanguageandcultureofEnglish.SocomparedtothenativespeakeroftheEnglish,individualswillconsiderthemselvesinferiorandthisfeelingofinferiorityisintensifiedbecauseofthenativespeaker'sfeelingofsuperiority.Atthesametime,thoselearningandusingthelanguageofpower(inthiscaseEnglish)becomepartofanelitist(精英)group,whobyvirtueofpositionoreducationexercisepowerorinfluenceoverothersintheirgroupwhohavenotlearnedEnglish.ThusbecauseoftheassumptionthattheknowledgeofEnglishisrelatedtointellectualandsocialsuperiority,theEnglishspeakinggroupendsupwithpowerandinfluenceoverthenon-Englishspeakers.AlinguistichierarchyofpoweriscreatedwiththenativeEnglishspeakerontop,followedbythenon-nativespeakerofEnglish,leavingthenon-Englishspeakeratthebottom.

Inthiscontext,PhillipsonproposesthetermofEnglishLinguisticImperialism.

LinguisticImperialismismaintainedduetotheelitism(精英主义)whichbecomesentrenched(确立的)insocietywhenthedominanceofonelanguagebecomesanacceptednorm,andthespeakersofthatlanguageareassumedtohaveintellectualandsocialsuperioritythatensurestheirpowerandinfluenceoverothers,ElitismcanbetracedtotheFrenchwordelite,whichmeansselectionorchoice,andinthecaseoflinguisticelitismtheactofselectionorchoiceisdonebythenativespeakersofthelanguageaswellasthenon-nativespeakers.Thenon-nativespeakersofthelanguage(English),especiallythosewhoneveracquirenativefluency,areassumedbytheirpeers(同辈、同等的人)aswellasbythenativespeakersasbeingintellectuallydeficientinsomeway.ThemanifestationsofthiselitistattitudetowardtheEnglishlanguageareprevalent(盛行的)inallaspectsoflifefromeducationalinstitutionstobusinessesandsocialsituations.TheinternationalprevalenceofthisattitudecanbefoundinEnglishspeakingcountriesliketheUSandUK,wherethereisalargeimmigrantpopulationthatspeaksEnglishasasecondlanguage,andinPakistanandIndia,whereEnglishisthenationallanguage,butisnotthefirstlanguageofthemajority.

Whatdoestheauthorimplywiththecitationatthebeginning?

A.ItisdifficultforapersontolearnStandardEnglish.

B.ItiseasyforapersontospeakStandardEnglish.

C.ItisnoteasyforapersontolistentoStandardEnglish.

D.ThehistoryofStandardEnglishisaprocessofconqueringotherlanguages.

43.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

CambridgeUniversitycloseddowninthesummerof1665whentheplaguebrokeout.Newton,astudentthere,wenthometoLincolnshire.HestayedhomefortwoyearswhilethediseaseranitscourseintheareaaroundLondon.The23-year-oldNewtonspentthattimestudyingandlayingthefoundationsforhisgreatestwork,thePrincipia.Onedayhesatthinkinginhisgarden,whenanapplefell.Thenherealizedthatthedirectiontheapplefell,alongwitheveryotherobjectonthisroundearth,wasalwaystowardEarth'scenter.Itwasn'tjustthattheapplefell,butthatittriedtogotoEarth'scenter.ThatwasNewton'seurekamoment.HerealizedthatEarthhaddrawntheappletoit.Herealizedthateveryobjectintheuniversedrawseveryotherobject—probablyinproportiontoitsmass.Newtondidn'tpublishhisPrincipiauntil20yearslater.ButheformulatedtheLawofUniversalGravitation(LUG)thereinhisLincolnshiregarden.Heshowedusthatwastrueofplanetsandmoonsaswell.

Nowentersasurprisingcharacter.Thepersonwhopopularizedtheapplestorywasnoneotherthanthewell-knownFrenchwriterandphilosopherVoltaire.Duetohisoutspokenviews,in1726hewasforciblyexiledtoEnglandwherehespentthenextthreeyears.Newtondiedin1727soVoltairewouldhavebeenfamiliarwiththemanydiscoveriesmadebyhim.VoltairewasalsoacquaintedwithNewton'sniece,Catherin