中考英语被动语态

被动语态永昌六中蔡宏亮一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾格.即：宾变主,主变宾,前加by

主变被,看清be,结构是：be+pp

be

随人称和时态的变化而变化。1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.3.Heridesthebiketohisfactoryeveryday.Thebikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.看一看想一想4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．

Tencomputerswereboughtlastterm.一般过去时：

S+was/were+过去分词5.Mymothermadethecakeyesterday.Thecakewasmadebymymotheryesterday.6.Tomcantakegoodcareof

Tina．Tinacanbetakengoodcareof

byTom.7.Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词8.Wemustputtheminthefridge.Theymustbeputinthefridge.一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone含有情态动词时，can/must/would…bedoneTheymake

shoesinthatfactory.Theymade

shoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theycanmake

shoesinthatfactory.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）EXERCISES3.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.4.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

isstudiedIs

talked

bythem5.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.6.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfound

wastold7.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.8.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.

canbemended

mustbetaken9.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?10.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

befinished四．几种值得注意的被动语态变化．1.带宾语补足语的被动语态结构．(1)makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).(2)hear/seesb.dosth.

sb.beheard/seentodosth.Makewatchhearseenotice…1.Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend…to2.HetoldJimastory.2.带双宾语的被动语态结构：3.Mummademeanewdress.=Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.=Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydraw…for4.Iboughtmybrotherabook.注意:千万不要遗漏介词或副词。1.约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.2.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma

takescareof

mysister.Mysister

istakencareof

by

Grandma.Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.3.我们必须有礼貌的对老人讲话。Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有：

Itisreportedthat......Itisbelievedthat......Itiswell-knownthat......Itishopedthat......Itissupposedthat......被动语态结构的习惯用法：1).不及物动词没有被动语态。

如:belongto,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被动语态的几种情况：3.这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.2).某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。1.这书很好卖。Thebook

sells

well.2.这种布很好洗。Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.不用被动语态的几种情况：3).感官动词没有被动态和进行时态1.这鱼味道很好。2.这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.不用被动语态的几种情况：4).表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．5）.祈使句一般没有被动语态【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

6).反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。不用被动语态的几种情况：1.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.

weweregiven

weregiventousEXERCISES：一.（同义句转换）2.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.3.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbeused4.Hetoldustogettoschoolearly.5.Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.

Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.

6.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?__

thisquestionoften_____about______?Is

talked

bythemDidhefinishtheworkyesterday?Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?9.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?______Tom______thewindow?Didbreak7.Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？8.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?1.Youcangooutifyourhomework______(do)isdone2.Thisisoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.wereseen4.WhenwasPRC_________(found)?wasseen3.Thisistheonlyoneofthethingsthat_________(see)thatday.founded5.Youshouldgetyourshoes_______(wash)washed一.用所给词的正确形式填空EXERCISES：三.Answerrightorwrong1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。Thisbook