2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷专题01阅读理解（解析版）

2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷

专题01阅读理解（解析版）

目录

一、广东佛山•二模（4月）

二、广东广州•二模（4月）

三、广东茂名•二模（4月）

四、广东梅州•二模（4月）

五、广东汕头•二模（4月）

六、广东深圳•二模（4月）

七、广东湛江•二模（4月）

八、广东顺德•一模

九、广东广州•一模

十、广东茂名•一模

H^一*、广东梅州一'模

十二、广东汕头•一模

一、广东佛山•二模（4月）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Marathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,but

alsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemost

breathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou'llbetempted（诱惑）torunholdingacamera.

Ultra-trailAngkor,Cambodia

ThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutes

aroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevines

thatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.

DodoTrail,Mauritius

Crossingniggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfoilofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodo

birdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,a

beginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail（10km）iseasier.

GreatOceanRoadmarathon,Australia

Anotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia'sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceevery

May.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforest

and,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthe

toughestmarathons.

BigFivemarathon,SouthAfrica

MarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependent

ontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers-Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos-

asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.

1.Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?

A.Ultra-trailAngkor.B.DodoTrail.

C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.

2.Whydoesthewritermention"neck-ache“inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?

A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.

B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.

C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.

D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.

3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?

A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.

C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.

【1~3题答案】

【答案】1.B2.A3.C

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了最美丽的、会让人忍不住带着相机跑的四个马拉松。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiver

Peak,abcginncr-tricndlyMiniDodoTrail（10km）iseasier.”（虽然50公里的极限路线需要跨越828米高的Black

RiverPeak,但对初学者友好的MiniDodoTrail（10公里）是比较容易的。）可知，对于缺乏经验的跑步者而

言,DodoTrail比较合适。故选B项。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三个小标题下的“Ncck-achccouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,

andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo.”（脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向是风景优

美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。）可知，沿途有很多优美的风

景，作者以“脖子疼”这种幽默的口吻叙述，是为了突出美丽的风景。故选A项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhug

someofthegreatbuildings.”（小心猴子，还有那些令人难忘的缠绕着一些伟大建筑的巨大藤蔓。）,第二个小

标题下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamous

dodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”（穿过崎岖的海岸线和热带森林，DodoTrail之路到处都是野生动物，尽管

著名的渡渡鸟已经灭绝。），第三个小标题下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenic

SouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou'relucky,akoalaortwo."（脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向

是风景优美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。厂以及第四个小标

题下的"Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers-Africanelephants,Cape

buffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos-asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”（比赛的开始时间取决于“五大”成员

（非洲象、非洲水牛、狮子、豹子和犀牛）在比赛日的地点，因为组织者试图确保能看到这些动物。）可知，

这四个马拉松沿途都能看到野生动物。故选C项。

B

Likemanyconstructions,itstartedsmall.Butnowthousandsofchildrenwithautism（自闭症）aremaking

friendsandlearningsocialskillsbyplayingaspecialversionofonlinebuildinggameMinecraft.

StuartDuncangottheideathroughapopularblogheranabouthisownexperienceswithautismaswellas

bringingupasonwithautism.Otherparentswithautisticchildrenstartedtellinghimthattheirkidswerecrazy

aboutagamethatletthemexplorearandomlygeneratedwilderness.However,despitelovingthegame,manyof

thechildrenwerebeingbullied（霸凌）byotherplayers.

So,in2013,Duncan,awebdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildren

withautismandtheirfamilies.Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundreds

requestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishis

ftill-timcjob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmany

activities."Parentsseesuchabenefitforthemselvesandtheirchildren,saysDuncan.

InMinecraft,youuseblocksofmaterialslikewoodandstonetobuildwhateveryoulike."Thisisagreatway

forthemtoplayagametheylove,butalsohaveasocialexperience,9,saysKateRinglandfromtheUniversityof

California,whohasspent60hoursinsidethisvirtualworld,watchinghowthekidsplayandchattooneanother.

“It'sgivinganalternativewayforthesekidstoexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewithoutthestressesofthe

physicallifestuff.”

Everydaysocialsituationscanbechallengingforautisticchildren,whomaystruggletopickuponsocial

signalsorunderstandanotherperson'sviewpoint.DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicalofthe

realworld.Thereisnonoisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract（使分心）you,nopressuretotracktheother

person'sfacialexpressionsorworryabouteyecontact.JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststep

tofeelinglesssociallyanxiousandmoreengaged.

4.WhatinspiredDuncantorunAutcraft?

A.OnlineBullying.B.Hisson'srequest.

C.Someparents'advice.D.Hisblogaboutautism.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAutcrajtfromParagraph3?

A.Ithasabout7,000engineers.

B.Itwasanunexpectedsuccess.

C.Ithelpedparentsplaywiththeirkids.

D.Itremainsaccessibletoallthepeople.

6.HowdoesMinecrafthelpchildrenaccordingtoDuncan?

A.Byteachingcommunicationskills.

B.Bysolvingtheirrealworldproblems.

C.Byexplainingotherpeople'sviewpoints.

D.Byofferingstress-freesocialexperiences.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowCanWeDealWithAutism?B.WhatMakesMinecraftSoFamous?

C.WhyDoOnlineGamesBenefitChildren?D.HowDoesAnteraftHelpAutisticChildren?

【4〜7题答案】

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在成千上万的自闭症儿童正在通过玩一款特殊版本的在线建筑

游戏用山比/•硕结交朋友，学习社交技能，网站开发者邓肯还为自闭症孩子开发了一个特殊版本4〃心迎，

Autcraft帮助自闭症孩子减少社会焦虑，增加社会参与度。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“However,despitelovingthegame,manyofthechildrenwerebeingbullied（霸凌）by

otherplayers.（然而，尽管喜爱这款游戏，许多孩子还是被其他玩家霸凌）”以及第三段“So,in2013,Duncan,a

webdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildrenwithautismandtheir

families.（因此，在2013年，加拿大的网络开发者邓肯建立了一个服务器，只为自闭症儿童及其家庭运行

的一个版本）”可知，网络霸凌激励了邓肯去开发了出“仃幼。故选A。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundreds

requestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishis

full-timejob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmany

activities.（他原以为这个仅限邀请的服务器能吸引10到20人，但在最初儿天就有数百人请求加入。现在，

差不多三年过去了，他的全职工作就是运行特殊版本的4w。何九这个社区有近7000名成员，还有一个工

程师团队来帮助管理它的许多活动）“可知，邓肯原以为这个服务器能吸引的人不多，但之后用户很多。由

此可知，获得了意料之外的成功。故选B。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicaloftherealworld.Thereisno

noisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract（使分心）you,nopressuretotracktheotherperson'sfacial

expressionsorworryabouteyecontact.（Duncan认为Minecraft消除了现实世界的典型压力。这里没有嘈杂或

不熟悉的环境让你分心，没有追踪对方面部表情的压力，也没有担心眼神交流）”可知，邓肯认为M山ecr硕

通过提供无压力的社交体验来帮助自闭症孩子。故选D。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了现在成千上万的自闭症儿童正在通过玩一款特殊版本的在线建筑

游戏Minecraft结交朋友，学习社交技能，网站开发者邓肯还为自闭症孩子开发了一个特殊版本Autcraft,

结合最后一段“JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststeptofeelinglesssociallyanxiousand

moreengaged.（加入像Autcraft这样的社区可能是减少社交焦虑、增加社交参与度的良好第一步）“可知，

Autcraft可以减少自闭症孩子的社交焦虑，帮助他们增加社交参与度，所以D^Autcraft如何帮助自闭症

儿童?”符合文章中心主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。

C

Itissomethingonehalfofthepopulationhaslongsuspectedandtheotherhalfalwaysvocallydenied-women

reallydotalkmorethanmen.Infact,womentalkalmostthreetimesasmuchasmen,withtheaveragewoman

chalkingup20,000wordsinaday-13,000morethantheaverageman.

Womenalsospeakmorequickly,devotemorebrainpowertochit-chat,andactuallyenjoyhearingtheirown

voices,anewbooksuggests.Thebook-writtenbyafemalepsychiatrist,Dr.LuanBrizendine-saysthatinherent

（生来就有）differencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrainexplainwhywomenarenaturallymoretalkativethan

men.

InTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothewomb（子宫）,wherethesex

hormone（激素）calledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,

emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisbom.

Theresultisthatboys-andmen-chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggletoexpresstheiremotionsto

thesameextent.t4Womenhaveaneight-lanesuperhighwayforprocessingemotion,whilemenhaveasmallcountry

road,"saidBrizendine.

Thereare,however,advantagesofbeingthestrong,silenttype.Brizendineexplainsinherbookthat

testosteronealsoreducesthesizeofthesectionofthebraininvolvedinhearing-allowingmentobecome”deaf*'to

themostlogicalargumentsputforwardbytheirwivesandgirlfriends.

Otherscientists,however,saymanyofthedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepersonalitycanbe

explainedbysocialconditioning,withachild'supbringinggreatlyinfluencingtheircharacter.

DeborahCameron,anOxfordUniversitylinguisticsprofessorwithaspecialinterestinlanguageandgender,

saidtheamountwetalkisinfluencedbywhowearcwithandwhatwearedoing.4tIfyoulookthroughalarge

numberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk,“sheadded.

8.WhichclaimdoesthebookTheFemaleMindprobablysupport?

A.Womenenjoyarguing.B.Womenarebomtalkative.

C.Womenaregreatpublicspeakers.D.Womentakeprideintheirtalents.

9.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“moulds“inParagraph3?

A.Influences.B.Stimulates.C.Enlarges.D.Harms.

10.HowaremenaffectedbytestosteroneaccordingtoDr.Brizendine?

A.Theyhaveasmallsizeofbrain.B.Theyarenotsologicalintalking.

C.Theyareusuallylesscommunicative.D.Theyareunwillingtolistentofemales.

11.WhatmessagedoesCameroncarryinthelastparagraph?

A.Furtherstudiesneedtobecarriedout.

B.Genderseldomaffectsone'stalkingstyle.

C.Theamountwetalkshapesourcharacter.

D.Mentalkasmuchaswomenonthewhole.

【8〜11题答案】

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是女性话比男性更多，并对其原因进行分析。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的“【nTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothe

womb,wherethesexhormonecalledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsiblefbr

communication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.（在《女性思维》一书中，布里

曾丹说，这种差异可以追溯到子宫，在那里，被称为睾丸激素的性激素塑造了男性大脑的发育。在男孩出

生前，负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域都在减少。）“可知，根据这本书的说法，话多不多是在出生前就决定

了，丁加凡用ReM比d可能支持的说法是女人天生健谈。故选B。

【9题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段的"Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreduced

beforeababyboyisborn.（在男孩出生前，负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域都在减少。）”，这说明男孩儿还在

子宫里的时候，被称为睾丸激素的性激素影响了男性大脑的发育，使负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域减少，

因此划线词moulds的意思是“影响"，和Influences意思相近，故选A。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段的“Theresultisthatboys-andmen-chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggleto

expresstheiremotionstothesameextent.（其结果是，男孩以及男人比他们的女性同伴更少聊天，并

且难以在同样程度上表达自己的情感。）“可知，睾丸激素使男性不太爱说话，故选C。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittle

differencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk（如果你看过大量的研究，你会发现男人和女人说话的数量

差别不大）”可知，卡梅伦在最后一段传达的信息是总的来说，男人说话的次数和女人一样多，故选D。

D

Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmore

thanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.

Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatistical

models.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople'sdailyappuse

patterns.

Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingleday

ofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous（匿名的）.Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofapp

usagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.

Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto,itcouldalsoprovidea

listofthemosttotheleastlikelycandidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecific

dayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikely

candidates.

Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement（执法机构）investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal?snewphonewith

thesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,000phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissing

them.

Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone'sstandardactivitylogging

couldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser'sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.An

identificationispossiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.

Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphone

automatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson'sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,it

alsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.

12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Toconfirmanassumption.

C.Toshowaresearchprocess.D.Topresentaresearchfinding.

13.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?

A.Byrecordingappusetime.B.Bystudyingappusagedata.

C.Bycomparingdifferentapps.D.Bychangingappusepatterns.

14.Whatisthefunctionofthestatisticalmodels?

A.Locatingcriminals.B.Trackingusageofapps.

C.Identifyingphoneusers.D.Predictingtrendsofapps.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsappusagedata?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.

【12〜15题答案】

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A

【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明一个人使用智能手机应用程序留下的数据可以泄露个人身份。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythem

fromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.（研究人员表示，在超过三分之一的案例中，

一个人在不同的智能手机应用程序上花费的时间足以从一个更大的群体中识别出他们。厂以及下文对这项

研究的讲述可知，本文的目的是呈现一项研究发现。故选D。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysof

appusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodels

learnedpeople'sdailyappusepattems.（研究人员分析了780人的智能手机数据。他们将4680天的应用使用

数据输入到统计模型中。每天与780名用户中的一名进行配对，以便于这些模型可以了解人们的日常应用

使用模式。）”可推断，研究人员通过研究应用程序的使用数据来得出结论。故选B。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhen

providedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous（匿名的）.Themodels,whichwere

trainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymous

dataonethirdofthetime.（研究人员随后测试，当只提供一天的匿名智能手机活动时，模型能否识别出个人。

这些模型只接受了六天的应用程序使用数据训练，就可以在这个时间的三分之一的时间里从一天的匿名数

据中识别出正确的人。户可知，这些模型的功能是识别手机用户。故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therelbre,itisimportanttoacknowledgethat叩pusagedataalone,whichis

oftencollectedbyasmartphoneautomatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson'sidentity.Whileprovidingnew

opportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.（因此，认识至lj仅

仅是应用程序使用数据，这经常是智能手机自动收集的，就可能会泄露一个人的身份是重要的。在为执法

提供新机会的同时，如果这类数据被滥用，也会给隐私带来风险。户可推断，作者对待应用程序使用数据

的态度是谨慎的。故选A。

二、广东广州•二模（4月）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Likehumans,animalsneedsleeptoo.Abigproblemforanimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesaway

whiletheysleep.Animalstakecareofthisproblemindifferentways.

Anolislizardsliveinmanyareasincludingtropicalrainforests.Theyoftensleeponleavesattheendoflong

branches.Aleafmightseemlikeastrangebed,butitworkslikeanalarm.Ifahungrysnakewigglesabranch,the

lizardwakesupandleapstosafety.

Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitselfanew,comfortablebedto

sleepin.Scientistsbelievechimpanzeescarefullychooseatreethatisstrong,wheretheybuildanestusingbranches

andleaves.

Parrotfishliveamongcoralreefsinoceans.Everynight,patTotfishusuallysleepclosetotherockinsheltered

places.Someparrotfishgoonestepfurtherbyquicklymakingaslimelayerthatcoverstheirwholebody.This

coveringactslikeasleepingbagthatprovidesabarrieragainstdanger.

Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean'ssurfacetobreathe.Theyalsoneedto

watchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin'sbrainsleeps,theotherhalfstaysawake.After

awhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes.

Sootyternshavethemostamazingsleep.Theynestonislands.Whentheyarenotnesting,theylivefbrmany

yearsintheskyandonthesea'ssurface.Whenandwherecantheysleep?Scientistsbelievetheyareabletosleep

whiletheyareflying,stayingoutofthereachofenemies.

1.Whatisthesharedconcernwhenwildanimalssleep?

A.Quietness.B.Timelength.C.Comfort.D.Safety.

2.Whichanimalsneedthemostpreparationbeforesleep?

A.Anolislizards.B.Chimpanzees.C.Parrotfish.D.Sootyterns.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthesleepinghabitofbottle-noseddolphins?

A.Theysleeponthejob.B.Theydon'tsleepatall.

C.Theysleepdeepintheocean.D.Theysleeptheleastofallanimals.

【1〜3题答案】

【答案】1.D2,B3,A

【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。介绍了自然界一些动物用不同睡觉方式让敌人远离自己。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Abigproblemfbranimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesawaywhilethey

sleep."（对于野生动物来说，当它们睡觉的时候，一个大的问题就是远离它们的敌人。）可知，野生动物在

睡觉的时候共享的一个问题是要注意敌人，也就是注意安全，故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitself

anew,comfortablebedtosleepin."（黑猩猩非常重视它们的睡觉。每天，黑猩猩都会为它自己建一个新的，

舒服的床睡觉。）可知，黑猩猩认真对待自己的睡眠，每次睡觉都做一只新床，因此推断黑猩猩睡觉前需

要最多的准备，故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二自然段“Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean'ssurface

tobreathe.Theyalsoneedtowatchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin'sbrainsleeps,the

otherhalfstaysawake.Afterawhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes."（瓶鼻海豚需要睡

觉，但它们必须待在海洋表面才能呼吸。他们还需要照顾自己的孩子。他们怎么做呢？当海豚的一半大脑

睡觉的时候，另一半保持清醒。过一会儿，睡觉的这一半醒过来，然后另一半开始打盹。）可知，海豚的

睡觉习惯是边睡觉边工作，故选A。

B

AndrewBastawrouswas12whenhefoundouthecouldbarelysee.Hewasthensociallyawkward,failingat

schoolandterribleatballgames.

Glassesturnedhislifearound,yetevenasachildhewasawareofhowluckyhewas.Bastawrousgrewupin

theUK,buthisfamilywouldvisitpoorpartsofEgypt,wherehisparentswerefrom.4<Nobodythereworeglasses,

butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,"hesays."Itfeltincrediblyunfair.At16,1decidedIwasn'tgoingtofeel

guiltyaboutitanymore.^^Hedetenninedthereandthentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.

In2012,heandhiswifemovedwiththeirone-year-oldsontoasmalltown5hours'drivefromNairobi.They

hadlimitedelectricityandrunningwater.For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheir“mobile”

eyeclinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewas

anotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon'tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteye

surgeons?That'sprobablyapipedream.^^

AllthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfundamentalwasneeded.Sohestartedexploringwaysto

replacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedanapp-basedvisualtestthat

gathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecriticaldifferenceisthatalmostanyone

cancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundedacharitablecompanytodevelopand

applythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthatenabledasmartphonecameratotake

hospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.

That'saprettygoodstart,butBastawroushashissightssetskyhigh."Ifeelwe'reatatippingpointnowwhere

thisenormousproblemwillbecomeahistoricalthing.That'swhenI'llsleepeasy,”hesays.

4.WhatdroveBastawroustobecomeaneyesurgeon?

A.Hispersonalmisfortune.

B.Hisburningsenseofinjustice.

C.Hisambitiontoturnhislifearound.

D.Hisguiltaboutleavinghishomecountry.

5.WhatcanweinferaboutBastawrous^first18monthsinAfrica?

A.It'shardandproblematic.B.It'schallengingbutfruitful.

C.It'sadventurousandunrealistic.D.It'sfundamentalbutinnovative.

6.Bastawrous^innovationcanbedescribedas.

A.cheapandconvenienttreatmentsforpatients.

B.avirtualandcompletechangefromaclassictest.

C.asmartandpopularisedapplicationoftechnology.

D.fastandeffectivetrainingsofmedicalprofessionals.

7.WhatdoBastawrous^wordsinthelastparagraphshow?

A.Hismodestattitudetohispastachievements.

B.Hisoptimisticviewsonthecureforblindness.

C.Hisstrongbeliefintheeffectsoffuturetechnology.

D.Hisfirmdeterminationtocarryonhischallengingcareer.

【4〜7题答案】

【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了AndrewBastawrous为非洲近视人群的诊治所作出的努力。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段后几句""Nobodythereworeglasses,butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,"hesays.“It

feltincrediblyunfair.At16,IdecidedIwasn'tgoingtofeelguiltyaboutitanymore.^^Hedeterminedthereand

thentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.（“那里没有人戴眼镜，但我知道有些人需要眼镜，”他说。“这感觉

非常不公平。16岁时，我决定不再为此感到内疚。”他当即决心成为一名眼科医生，并且他做到了）''可知，

作者认为需要戴眼镜的人却无法戴到眼镜，这是不公平的，这种不公正感使得作者产生成为眼科医生的决

定。故选Bo

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段后几句“For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheirttmobile^^eye

clinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewas

anotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon'tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteye

surgeons?That'sprobablyapipedream/X18个月来，每次Bastawrous和他的团队在新地点建立他们的"移动”

眼科诊所时，他们都不得不将笨重、易损的医院设备在全国拖来拖去。还有一个问题，正如一位当地医生

所描述的，“我们甚至连足够的医生都没有，现在你还需要眼科医生？那可能是白日梦。可'知，在最初

的18个月里，Bastawrous和他的团队面临着重重困难和问题。故选A。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“AHthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfiindamentalwasneeded.Sohestarted

exploringwaystoreplacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedan

app-basedvisualtestthatgathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecritical

differenceisthatalmostanyonecancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundeda

charitablecompanytodevelopandapplythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthat

enabledasmartphonecameratotakehospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.（JW有这止0都Bastawrous确

信，需要一些基本的东西。因此，他开始探索用一款简单、方便的设备取代诊所的方法：智能手机。他参

与共同开发了一个基于应用程序的视觉测试，使用与传统测试类似的原理收集同样多的信息。关键的区别

在于，几乎任何人只要经过几分钟的训练就可以做到