汽车标定和环境舱

CalibrationDevelopmentUsingClimaticChamber通过环境仓完成系统标定Traditionalcalibrationprocessusesterritoryvehicletripstocalibratevariousengineandvehiclefunctions.Thegoalistoexposetheenergymanagementsystem(EMS)toextremetemperatureandenvironment.Thisensuresthesystemwilloperateappropriatelyunderstressedconditions.Thevehicletesttripsoftencomposeofhot,cold,andaltitudeconditions.Becausethetesttripsaresensitivetosuitableweatherconditions,usingclimaticchambersforextremetemperaturetestinghasbeenusedtosupplementcalibrationprocesswhenseasonalconstraintsandproductiontimingdonotlineup.InordertomeettheF-seriesEuroIISOPinJuly,theprocessistouseexclusivelyclimaticchamberforcalibrationandvalidationinsteadofterritorytesttrips.要标定全面的引擎和汽车性能参数，传统的方法是通过驾驶被测车辆进行一次道路三高试验来完成测试.目的是为了把汽车的发动机管理系统暴露在极端条件下(温度和环境).这保证了所有的系统在比较恶劣的环境下能够正常有效的运行.而这样的旅行常常包含高温，低温，高海拔条件.由于这样的旅行测试对气候条件非常敏感,因此当标定工作被季节或者产品开发时间所限制的时候，我们把环境仓测试当作普通标定过程的一种补充形式.为了达到7月份F系列发动机欧II排放的标准,这次标定完全由环境仓来代替传统的自然环境标定过程.Whileterritorytesttripshavecertainbenefitssuchaslowercostandexposevehiclestogreaterrangeofconditions,therearebenefitstousingclimaticchamber.Thebenefitsare:和传统旅行标定方式拥有低成本，参数广泛全面等优点一样，环境仓标定方法也有自己的好处：Controllability可控性Itiseasiertoadjustthetemperature/barometricpressuretotheexactconditionthatisnotalwayspossibleinactualvehicletesttrip.Intesttrips,youareatthemercyoftheweatherconditions.Sometimesitmaynotbeattheextremeconditionsyouarelookingfor.能够精确调节大气压力和温度，并且还能模拟一些自然中不太可能存在的天气状况.传统测试过程往往受自然气候条件的限制，而且有些时候寻找一些理想的极端天气状况会非常困难.Repeatability可重复性Forcalibration,repeatableenvironmentiscriticaltoresolveissues.Beingabletosetupthechambertotheexactconditionremovestheambiguityfromday-to-daydifferencesinweatherconditions.在标定工作中，对解决问题来说,可重复性的环境参数非常重要.通过环境仓，我们可以把每次测试都保证在一个精确的模拟天气条件下，这样消除了自然环境下每天测试天气参数无法完全相同的问题.Speed迅速的Sincetheclimaticchamberislocatedonsiteneartheengineeringcenter,thereisagreatersupportstaffonsitetohelpwithanydevelopmentproblem.Thisiscontrarytoterritorytripwheretheteammustbringeverythingtheyneedonthetrip.Anyuncompletedtasksduringaterritorytesttripwillneedtoberepeatedlateriftheweatherdoescooperate.由于环境仓位于工程开发中心的旁边，当我们遇到任何问题时,都能够从工程师或技术人员那里获得迅速而及时有效的技术支持或帮助.而传统旅行标定往往一开始就需要把所有的技术团队和工具都带在身边，并且任何由于天气状况不符合测试要求而造成的任务未完成都需要整个标定工作重新开始.Fortheabovereasons,climaticchambershavebeenusedaspartofthecalibrationprocess.基于以上原因，环境仓被作为整个标定过程的一部分.Engineandvehiclecalibrationsarenotanexactscienceduetothecomplexnatureofthepowertrain,vehicle,andlegalinteractions.Thegoalofthecalibrationprocessistofindoptimalpointsofthesystemtomeetfunctionalrequirements,robustnessassurance,andgovernmentregulations.Thecalibrationengineersoftenmaketradeofftosatisfyallthreecriteria.Thedecisionprocessisbasedonknowledgeandexperience.由于动力系统，汽车与法律的相互干涉和交互作用，发动机和汽车的标定无法成为一门精确的科学.因此标定工作就是为了在系统中寻求一个最优点，能使产品能够满足功能需求,鲁棒性保证和政府相关法规的要求.标定工程师们常常设法同时满足这三个要求.而得出结论的过程是同时基于知识和经验..Thefollowingsectionsarenotmeanttobeanallencompassingdescriptionoftheclimaticcalibrationprocedurebutanoverviewthecalibrationtasksusingclimaticchambers.以下的章节将给大家总体介绍一下使用环境仓的标定过程，而不是一个完整，详细的环境标定过程的描述.1)Coldstartanddrivetesting冷车启动和驾驶测试TerritoryTestTrip道路二高试验ChamberTest环境仓测试StartTime启动时间(measuretimefromignitionkeycrankto1000rpm)测量从点火开始到发动机达到1000rpm的时间Soakthevehicleinoutsidetemperatureatleast8hours.将被测车辆放置户外至少8小时Measureambienttemperature测量环境温度Performvehiclestarts.启动被测车辆Measurestarttime.测量启动时间Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechamber.将环境仓设置到需要温度Soakforatleast8hours.放置被测车辆于环境仓内8小时Performvehiclestarts.启动被测车辆Measurestarttime.测量启动时间Driveaway驾驶过程(Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.)在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆的驾驶性能Soakcarforpre-determinedhoursatoutsidetemperature.让被测车辆处于室外温度状态下预定的时间Measureambienttemperature.测量周围温度Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassisrollchamber.把底盘转毂设置到预定温度Soakcarforatpre-determinedduration.让被测车辆运行预定时间

Aftervehiclestarts.Performvariousdriveawayactions.在被测车辆启动之后，采用不同的驾驶方式.Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾驶性.Aftervehiclestarts.Performvariousdriveawayactions.在被测车辆启动之后，采用不同的驾驶方式.Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾驶性.Idle怠速(Evaluatetheidlequality)评估怠速质量Soakcarforpre-determinedhoursatoutsidetemperature.让被测车辆处于室外温度状态下预定的时间Measureambienttemperature.测量周围温度Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassisrollchamber.把底盘转毂设置到预定温度Soakcarforatpre-determinedduration.让被测车辆运行预定时间Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量WORSTCASELIMITFUELSROBUSTNESS最坏情况限制燃油鲁棒性(Usedifferentqualityoffuel)采用不同品质的燃油Filltankwith93RONFuel.加满93号汽油Evaluatestartandidlequalityusingaboveprocedures.通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速质量Filltankwith93RONFuel.加满93号汽油Evaluatestartandidlequalityusingaboveprocedures.通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速质量2)Hotstart&drivetesting热车启动和驾驶测试TerritoryTestTrip道路二高试验ChamberTest环境仓测试StartTime启动时间(measuretimefromignitionkeycrankto1000rpm)测量从点火开始到发动机达到1000rpm的时间Soakthevehicleinoutsidetemperatureatleast4hoursduringtherightperiodoftheday.挑选比较符合测试条件的日期，将被测车辆放置于户外温度环境中4小时以上Measureambienttemperature测试周围温度Measurestarttime.测试启动时间Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechamber.将环境仓温度设置到需要的刻度.Soakforatleast4hours.将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时以上Measurestarttime.测试启动时间Driveaway驾驶测试(Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.)在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆的驾驶性能Soakcarforatleast4hoursatoutsidetemperatureduringtherightperiodoftheday.挑选比较符合测试条件的日期，将被测车辆放置于户外温度环境中4小时以上Measureambienttemperature.测试周围温度Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassisrollchamber.把底盘转毂设置到预定温度Soakcarforatleast4hours.将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时以上Aftervehiclestarts.Performvariousdriveawayactions.

Aftervehiclestarts.Performvariousdriveawayactions.在被测车辆启动之后，采用不同的驾驶方式.Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾驶性.在被测车辆启动之后，采用不同的驾驶方式.Evaluatedrivabilityofthevehicleduringthedriveaway.在驾驶过程中评估被测车辆驾驶性.Idle怠速测试(Evaluatetheidlequality)评估怠速质量Soakcarforatleast4hoursatoutsidetemperature.将被测车辆放置于户外温度环境中4小时以上Measureambienttemperature.测试周围温度Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassisrollchamber.把底盘转毂设置到预定温度Soakcarforatleast4hours.将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时以上Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量WORSTCASELIMITFUELSROBUSTNESS最坏情况限制燃油鲁棒性测试(Usedifferentqualityoffuel)采用不同品质的燃油Filltankwith93RONFuel.加满93号汽油Evaluatestartandidlequalityusingaboveprocedures.通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速质量Filltankwith93RONFuel.加满93号汽油Evaluatestartandidlequalityusingaboveprocedures.通过以上步骤评估启动和怠速质量HotfuelHandling热燃油处理Thegoalofthehotfuelhandlingtestistoevaluatetheaccuracyofthemodelinthestrategytocompensatefortheeffectofhotinjector.Typically,duringahotsoakwithengineoff,theinjectortipbecomeshotterasfuelflowstopandlessairflowtocooltheinjector.Duringthisengine-offperiod,withlowerfuelpressure,andhotterinjector,thechanceforfuelvapourismuchgreater,especiallyforreturnlessfuelsystemwhichcancauseleanfuelifnotcompensatedbythestrategy.热燃油处理测试是为了评估热喷油嘴效果补偿模型的精确度.典型的情况是，当发动机在高温状态下停止以后，由于燃油流动的停止，没有新鲜的空气进来冷却喷油嘴，喷油嘴顶部温度会升高.在这个期间，油压降低，喷油嘴高温，产生燃油蒸汽的可能性大大增加，特别是没有燃油回收系统的发动机，如果没有这类的补偿策略，便更会出现稀燃油的情况.Thefollowingtestsaretoverifythatthesystemaccountsforfuelvaporizationinthefuelrailanddoesnotcausefailuretostartorleanexcursions.以下的测试目的是证实这个系统解决了油轨中燃油蒸汽的问题，并不会导致车辆启动失败或过稀TerritoryTestTrip道路二高试验ChamberTest环境仓测试StartTime启动时间(measuretimefromignitionkeycrankto1000rpm)测量从点火开始到发动机达Soakthevehicleinoutsidetemperatureatleast4hoursduringtherightperiodoftheday.挑选比较符合测试条件的日期，将被测车辆放置于户外温度环Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechamber.将环境仓温度设置到需要的刻度.Soakforatleast4hours.

到1000rpm的时间境中4小时以上Measureambienttemperature测量周围温度Measurestarttime.测量启动时间将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时以上Measurestarttime.测量启动时间Idle怠速测试(Evaluatetheidlequality)评估怠速质量.Soakcarforatleast4hoursatoutsidetemperature.将被测车辆放置于户外温度环境中4小时以上Measureambienttemperature.测量周围温度Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassisrollchamber.把底盘转毂设置到预定温度Soakcarforatleast4hours.将被测车辆放置于仓中4小时以上Aftervehiclestarts.Captureenginespeedduringidle.当被测车辆启动后，在怠速状态下测取发动机转速.Evaluateidlequality.评估怠速质量Drivabilityisevaluatedfordifferenthotfuellingscenario,primarily,throughdifferenthot-soaktimesanddrivingprofile.Fordetailondrivabilitytest,pleaseseethetab“ManualDrivability"inthecalibrationsign-offdocumentforlistofdifferentdrivingconditionsattheendofthedocument.驾驶性能常常由不同的热油情况，特别是通过不同的热浸时间和驾驶风格来评估..为了获得更多关于驾驶性能测试的细节,请阅读在本文档最后，不同驾驶情况列表的标定签发文档”手动驾驶性能'表格Drivability驾驶性能TerritoryTestTrip道路二高试验ChamberTest环境仓测试Shortdrive/Variablesoaks短途驾驶/不同的浸泡(Evaluatetake-awaywithdifferenthot-soak)评估短途驾驶性能通过不同程度的热浸.Drivethevehicleatdesiredoutsidetemperature(hottrip)toheatuptheengine.在要求的户外温度下(高温旅途)驾驶车辆,加热发动机.Turn-offengineandallowvehicletohot-soakforatleastpre-definedtime.关掉发动机，让被测车辆热浸预计时间或以上.Recordambienttemperatureandhot-soaktime.纪录周围时间和热浸时间Performvarioustake-awayandshortdrives.多次启动和短途驾驶被测车辆Evaluatedrivabilityforacceptance.评估可接受的驾驶性能Drivethevehicleatdesiredchassisrollchambertemperaturetoheatuptheengine.在要求的底盘转毂温度下驾驶被测车辆，加热发动机Turn-offengineandallowvehicletohot-soakforatleastpre-definedtime.关掉发动机，让被测车辆热浸预计时间或以上.Recordchambertemperatureandhot-soaktime.纪录环境仓时间和热浸时间Performvarioustake-awayandshortdrives.多次启动和短途驾驶被测车辆Evaluatedrivabilityforacceptance.评估可接受的驾驶性能CityDriveCycle城市驾驶循环测试(Thecitydrivecyclerepresentsalotofstop&godriveprofilethattendstoheatuptheengineandinducedhotinjectortips)Drivethevehicleusingpredefined“citydrivecycle"ontheroad(typicallyduringhottrip).采用:”城市驾驶循环”方式驾驶被测车辆(特别是在高温环境中)EvaluatedrivabilityforDrivethevehicleusingpredefined“citydrivecycle"inthechassisrollchamberatthedesiredtemperaturesimulatingahottrip.在模拟高温驾驶条件，并且设定好需要温度的底盘转毂上采用”

城市驾驶循环测试米用多次停车&启动驾驶方式，从而达到加热发动机和促使喷油嘴口产生高温.acceptance.评估可接受的驾驶性能城市驾驶循环哨式驾驶车辆Evaluatedrivabilityforacceptance.评估可接受的驾驶性能CanisterPurge碳罐净化Canisterpurgesystemisusedtocapturegeneratedfuelvapourinsidethefueltankinacarboncanister.Throughthecontrolofvapourmanagementvalve,thefuelvapourcapturedinthecarboncanistercanbeemptybackintothefuelchargingassembly.Thecalculationofthepurgedfuelintothefuelsystemneedstobeproperlycalculatedtoensuretheengineoperatesattheproperstoichiometricair/fuelratio.Impropercompensationcancauseeithertooleanortoorichfueloperations.Theworstcasescenarioisduringhottestwherevaporizationofthefuelismorelikely.碳罐净化系统的作用是通过碳罐捕获油箱内产生的燃油蒸汽.通过对蒸汽管理阀门的控制,被碳罐捕获的燃油蒸汽能返回到喷油总成中去.为了使发动机工作在合适的空燃比状态下,被净化的燃油量应该被精确计算.不适当的回油补偿会造成燃油混合物过稀或过浓.最坏的情况会发生在容易产生燃油蒸汽的高温测试中. TerritoryTestTrip道路试验ChamberTest环境舱试验Evaluateeffectivenessofcanisterpurge评估碳罐控制的有效性N.A.Whiletestingofthecanisterpurgecanbedoneonhottrip.Chamberenvironmentispreferredduetothecontrollabilityandrepeatabilityoftheenvironmentsrequired.虽然碳罐控制能在夏季试验，可最好用环境舱试验由于环境条件的可控制性和可重复性。Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechamberto35Corabove.设置期望温度到35度或以上。Drainedandfilledtankwith93RONfuelto75%offulltank.把油箱的油放干然后加如75%容积的93号油。Activatepurgestrategybutdisablevapourmanagementvalvetogeneratedesiredvapourincanister.激活碳罐清洁策槌但是要让蒸汽控制阀失去功能，目的是让碳罐里期望的蒸气产生。EstablishdifferentairmasspointfromidletoWOTthatisachievablewithclosedloopoperation.在闭环操作下可以达到的怠速到节气们全开建立不同的进气量。Enablepurgecontroltoreleasefuelbackintothesystem确保净化控制能把油释放回系统。MonitorLAMBSEtoensuretheclosedloopfuelcontrolkeepsair/fuelratioat1.监控空燃比确保在闭环控制下保持在1。Repeatsteps3-6withdifferentairmasstestpoints.重复3到6步骤在不同的空气量点。

AC&CoolingChecktoensuregoodACandcoolingoperationatelevatedtemperatures.检查和确保好的空调和冷却运行在提高的温度下。TerritoryTestTripChamberTestAC&Cooling空调和冷却Soakthevehicleinoutsidetemperatureatleast4hoursduringtherightperiodoftheday(hottrip).把车放在室外温度下至少4个小时在夏季试验适当的时间周期Measureambienttemperature测量环境温度CheckforcorrectACandfanoperationsduringidle.检查正确的空调和风扇的运转在怠速下CheckforcorrectACandfanoperationsduringdrive.检查正确的空调和风扇运转在正常驾驶下。Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechassischamber.设定期望的台架舱温度Soakforatleast4hours.把车放在里面最少4个小时。CheckforcorrectACandfanoperationsduringidle.检查正确的空调和风扇的运转在怠速下CheckforcorrectACandfanoperationsduringdrive.检查正确的空调和风扇运转在正常驾驶下。AltitudeAltitudetestingisnormallyperformedatmountainouslocationswithdifferentlevelofbarometricpressuretoassessifthepCminferstheBPcorrectlyforoptimalengineoperations.Withdifferentinferredbarometricpressure,thestrategywillaccommodatefordifferentairdensitytoachievetheoptimalstoichiometricair/fuelratio.高原试验是正常在高山上不同大气压力条件下执行来评估是不是控制系统正确地推断大气压力为最优化的发动机运行。在不同的推断压力下，控制策槌可以和不同的空气密度适应而达到最优化的空燃比。Foraltitudetesting,Visteonwillbeusinganenclosedchassisrollchamberthatisabletosimulateenvironmentupto12,000feet(oralmost4,000meters).Thefollowingtestswillberepeatedforeachspecifiedaltitude.伟世通将使用一个封闭的底盘台架室它可以模拟环境到4000米高度。以下试验会重复针对每个规定的海拔高度. TerritoryTestTripChamberTestStartTime(measuretimefromignitionkeycrankto1000rpm)启动时间(测量时间从点火到1000转)Soakthevehicleinoutsidetemperatureatleast8hours.车在室外温度下放置至少8小时。Measureambienttemperature测量环境温度Performvehiclestarts.启动汽车Measurestarttime.测量启动时间。Setthedesiredtemperatureofthechamber.设定环境舱期望的温度Soakforatleast8hours.放置8小时Performvehiclestarts.启动汽车Measurestarttime.测量启动时间Driveaway(EvaluatedrivabilityoftheSoakcarforpre-determinedhoursatoutsidetemperature.车在室外温度下放置预先决定Setthedesiredtemperatureof