reading notes中心句的每个字都要而且读懂

回头看map的时候要看一下全文句的，回忆一下，比如这道要mysteryKinglet的抗低温，很可能记错认为是突出Kinglet可以抗低温，superC-1结构题（purposemainideaorganization…）如果一个答案比较抽象或者不那么符合prephrase，而另一个答案细节可能有错误，选那个细节正确的ogy最好看完选项，考的太细superC-4-FunctionSuperC-65-3-18：整篇文章都是在说blackmail这个行为的，分析的时候了其构成要件在什么情况下合法／，问题问下列请看哪个是合法的，但是选项都只是描述了构成要件而非blackmail本身，所以问的是构成要件的！SuperA-18CemphasizeanopinionofJ’swork:即对于J’swork的opinion，而非J持有的opinionsupportanassertionaboutJ’scriticsJ’scritics即批评mainpoint，要改变记号的位置！不然会CP文章：看完P1要；看完P2之后还要回头回顾一下P1的mainpoint和－第二个看完之后要想一下两者的关系、相同相异CP的relation题先停下来想一下两篇文章的main62-在相似选项间犹豫时，要按照LRmustbetrue思路选更的62-1-27；63-4-16开头的让步句信息容易忘记没有印象，所以问mainidea的题涉及到让步信息拿可以回头看一下。SP题（在题中指明了哪行）目标段落范围大（8行8行Eaddress（其他答案有些8行的其他细节）62-1-6SP题如果与目标段相隔比较远，如不在同一段，或者不是描述的目标物特65-3-5CP题：bothpassagesareprimarilyconcernedwithexaminingwhichoneofthefollowingtopics?这种问两篇文章共同主旨题一般正确答案都不是严格非一上来用prephrase的主旨排除不match的选项62-1-15区别，要看见position名称分清楚之后只与第二种进行了比较！40-4-p4:看第一遍会理解为泛指所有的leadingquestions，然而仔细读中心句会发现仅指priortocourtroom精确把握！自觉区分detail和inferwho…这里historian很容易看成泛指，但加上修饰词之后是细节！读题干、读选理解成问题－没有一个字一个字看抽象词互换如：43-1-P4表研究员：researcherfaculty；表大学:institutionuniversity表外部公司：researchcorporationcommercialfirms,institution–institutionfirm类涵义十分广的词要看清楚修饰语分辨其具体涵义，不能太GRE92.10-S2moltenmetalmoltennonmetallicglass,glassymental－要看出第一个和第二个是两个：金属、非金属；而第三个介于两者之间；比如supraA-P2:blackwomenfilmmaker和minority~,feminist~就不能互换！段内一定要130的题肯定做错，所以不要浪费时间！比如ogy题一定要先花时间搞清楚base的特点42-3-说明文的globaldetail/infer比议 的globaldetail/infer要难，因为说明文的这种题考细节：常错在、插入无关细节、未提到细节；而议 P3P4）mainidea题要有pre-所有function替换词词义等给予具置的题型都要回头且看完整句！不能仅从YY的角度看选项是否可以解释通，一定要结合上下文，选项信息点距离隔太远的不行61-1-127-看长段一定要划层次（22-Whenyougetapassagethatfeelsmoreorlesslikeastraightforwardorchronologicaldescription,themainpointisoftenbasedoffwhateveroverarchingideatheauthorgives(normallythisiseithersomebroadclaimthatthespecificexampleillustrates,orit'ssomestatementaboutwhyweshouldfindthestufftheauthoris lingusdistinctive/interesting).criticof…of之后是被的东西，要看清楚，不要习惯性认为是被支viewpointsattribute给1的Themessageswereprobablyintendedto…这一句）此外有时是全文别人观点但是这些观点都是一边的没有，6-1，要知道union是好的，union下降是不好的DetailExceptglobal只有detail/detail(infer)强调与原文对照，可在时间紧张时不用排除法，而（functionmainideapurposeorganization等是选项自己组织语言，与prephrase差别大，一定用排除法做，而且要open-minded，总之而organization、mainideaprephrase，不是说用排除法的题就不prephrasepurpose题中，evaluate、argue、discuss议)不同于identify（说明文organization有些题虽然也是infer但是是对于detail的infer，与detailpurposemainidea题有不同，purpose更强调作者的意图，与文章结尾的密切相关，而mainidea包含全篇的内容，做之前要区分出来才能做好（purpose题的选项以一个动词开始，这个动词常有问题）2-3-14例子要画出来，包括没有仔细展开说的例子，如…suchasAandB对比处也可以画出，如Detaildetail完全没有印象：1.可先跳，2.看选项猜测在theorizehypothize，那么此时如果有题目问hypo，要把它算进去，hypo44-1-1937-1-6theauthorexplicitlyclaimsthat…用了explicit说明是detaildetailgap还是infer；此外，detail(infer)detail相似，但是注意有:likely,mostsupport,bestevidence…35-2-12thepassagegivesinformationthathelpsanswerallofthefollowingquestionsexceptHelpsinfergap，SPdetailCP（whichoneofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasevidencefortheexnationofthedolphindie-offofferedinthe但是如果是DetailExcept，做不同：如果涉及的范围比较集中，先看完5；DetailExceptcontinuetheendofpassage题（7-1-7）－这种题先要看最后一句；1.这与原文不符或者;2.若此时还剩大于2个，看与上文的衔接程度recent,new,innovation,noveltraditional,conventional,old,long,ancient,classical,earlier…要画出来可以划出的词especially,particularly,critical,landmark,most,main,contemporary(常有比较),standardpractice,compelling(褒义),intrigin（,olopl,,positiverole，commonlybelieved,表转折表让步：itistruecertainlyobviouslyof褒义：fruitfulimpressive顺序词（first,表作者态度，上文所说褒贬义词；correctly;Thepositivist’smistake,asDworkinpointsout,is…表作者同意；significance,cannotbeproperlyunderstoodwithout…看到oncebelieveduntil要自动想到之后会被support:moststronglysupport:表示让步的句子：indeed表示解释的句型结构：Majordust-spittingexplosionssuchas(28-2)后面dust-spitting是解释major的含义的;major,inanotherwords/namely,dust-spittingPhysiologicalbalanceorhomeostasisofbodyfluids(36-3arelegallydeterminate,ordecidableaccordingtoexistinglaw(17-2);mathematicsisakindoflanguage–asystematiccontrivanceofsigns(22-4);(33-2)Amongcommon-lawdoctrinesregardingevidencetherewere,however,principlesthattodayareregardedasbizarre;thus,awellestablishedruleforbadethepartiestoacasefromtestifying作者观点如果文中没有出现明确作者观点而是作者了专家的说（从,proponentsseemtoappearto定要kanchulai:wouldhaveillustrate是举例题不等于ogy题举例要与被形容的相同5-4-1980s1990sinlast201970s25-2-26-2-6:P’sidentificationoftheancestryofDandJprovidesconclusiveevidenceforwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?是detail题而非29-1-6:accordingtotheauthor,theworkofthepre-worldwarIpainters这道题指containsexamplesoffollowing不一定是指文中要有具体例子体现worldwarIpaintersdescribedinthepassageareeachofthefollowingexceptservestoinordertoTheinformationinthepassagesuggeststhattheroleofthe“editor”ismostlikethatof…不是mostlikely而是ogy8-3-15题干结尾是if的要看清楚if后是否已经接了主语做限定：itcanbefromthepassagethatmoderncritics’interpretationsofWebster’stragedieswouldbemorevalidif…5-2-13:Whichoneofthefollowingbestcapturestheprogressionoftheauthor’sargumentinlines9-31?这里progression=organization5-2-14:Theauthor’sassertionsconcerningmoviesaboutghostsimplythatallofthefollowingstatementsarefalseExceptFalseexcept即找对的，相当于没有except,问whichonecouldbetrue，即不，不一定likelytobe（15-3-18）Theauthor’sattitudetowardPisbestrevealedbywhichofthefollowingpairsofwords?正确答案的两个词都是在文中本来就修饰P是否是修饰P；25：定了的（褒义，而后文实际作者态度是贬义12LR题一般要看完所有选项（8-4-6whichbesaidtounderlietheauthor’sargumentsinthe3rdparagraph?这种题关注文中有early19thcenturylate19thcentury的，看第一遍时要有意识的记，因为容易混，特别是有题目问early/late的sp时16-4-27practitionersofthenewscholarshipdiscussedinthelastparagraphwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutD’sargument?practitioner对于D的看法pD的哪些观点（是agreewithstatementsaboutD,而非agreewithD）正确答案感受一下：itmakestheassumptionthatalesscomplexsocialsystemnecessarilyconfershigherstatusonwomen=38-3-17:一个要素原文说只是historicalstructuring的一个part，还要结合其他要素才行，不能说成是aformofhistoricalstructuring38-3-19:function:identifythebasisofAbrams’sconceptionofhistoricalsociology这里basis可以指context,argument,concept…37-4-25:areportonpsychologicalfindings不等于a apresentationofapsychologicalhypothesiswhichisthensubjectedtoapoliticaltestcasepoliticalcase只是illustrate这个hypo，或者说提供说服力，不能说是test14-3-16:whichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?illustrate5-1-7:Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor’smaininthepassage?相当于main6-1:although…traditionalexclusionofminorityworkersfromunionsinthecraftsectoroflabormarket,strongpositivewagegainsaremadebyBlackworkerswithinindustrialunions.craftAn所以是byhandnon-mechanized的，而industry难题很多是难在细节，即文章、题干、选项的细节不要漏掉9-38-2:Giventheinformationinthepassage,theauthorisLEASTlikelytobelievewhichoneofthefollowing?这个相当于cannotbetrue，正确答案是把passage看作从一个整体中截取出来的一小infer其他内容的题：同inferencequestion!!infer出，55-2-2Globaldetail和infer仍然是费时间的地方，并且区别globaldetail和infer原文只说了产生barriersupholdingdecisions，但是并没有直接说limitchanceofbeingemployed，这个failtouphold可能体原文只说了morelikely，并没有说usually这个hardtodistinguish可以直接等于seemlikemayin55-2-16:最近functionfunction（相56-4-6function一定要结合本句及上function表述为“inorderto”同时，问词组的含义（referto）做法和function仔细看会发现allyrs是带有与retentionof…相反的特质（两个是并C选项的partiallyidiosyncraticprecisesequenceB选项容易错，因为直译，但是细节了原文：one’sown55-2-问作者态度，首先要明白这是说明文还是议。本文是说明文，所以不存的，因为作者用了一定的中立性褒义词描述，如highlydeveloped..。Natural1分钟实验细节快速看，知道科学文章涉及到比较的，看的时候要记住关键句中比较的大方向，如AisdrierthanB…（11-3）又如，25-4relationsbetweenentitiesarepossibleonlywithinsomewholethatembracesthem,andtheentitiesarealteredbytherelationshipsintowhichtheyenter.这道题的用法说明entity是指整体中的，而非整体身，不要与整体，在看下文时要记住代表什factor时factor，这样才能快（36-3,2-3）文章同时出现几个名词，它们之间常出现这种关系：A包括B和C，而只出现在第一段，之后再无涉及，要知道（36-3,2-3）未添加修饰词的时候，因为急于看theory而漏看修饰词 usiblehypothesisfocuseson…mostusible漏了好几次19-25-4:Organists’criticismofthe yticmethodarosefromtheirfailuretofullycomprehendthemethodOrganistscriticism不是指对organist（criticsoforganists，而是organist批评别人supportanassertionJ’scritics:J’scriticsJJcritics指人，而criticism指批评本身，而criticsofJJ象部分一方面不能加过多想象，另一方面要理解以Contentthemeconcern,还是在说Form:narrativestructureBackground:settingtradition（50-Socialbut。这时but句是有时候观点特别多一段可以好多观点而没有例子一定注意理解并，24-3completetranscript,opinion，4-1的15-4continuouschange如continuitytheorists=continuouschangeproponents ogy的原型遍布整篇文章（70-13,67-13）－通过Map和集合有效71-16:themostcommonRCinferenceanswerextremeoutofscope71-22:先看懂题目”accordingtothepassage,thefactthatweareaccustomedtodealingwithourmentalconstructsratherthantheprimarysenseperceptionsonwhichthoseconstructsarebasedfacilitatesourabilityto”72-有时文章看着看着走神，原因是有些难句没看懂，一没看懂就走神，要72-15:原文是作者说traditionaltheory的坏处－选项是“provideaviewthatcontrastswithargumentsinfavorofclinicalequipoise”那么这个选项不对comparativepassage一定要注意:Weakening:排除无关－若剩两个选最强（evenif的地方不够:Bothpassagesareconcernedwithansweringwhichoneofthefollowingquestions?问相同部分，不一定是中心论点72-24:先读懂题：whichoneofthefollowing,iftrueofcountriesthathavefromagraduatedprogressivetaxsystemtoaflattax,wouldmostsupportthepositionofpassageBoverthatofpassageA?positionLR问题强化考了文中论点归纳能力－更要注意72-27:whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbethemostreasonableresponsefortheauthorofpassageBtomaketothefinalargumentofpassageA?LR1.task2Map没抓住，3.70-20acceptaclaimforthesakeofargument–Completion题是硬伤：72-3：inference题那样做，看哪个是可以infer出来的，错误选项都是无根据gobeyond或extreme；而非看结构能不能接上什69-7:原文：Torealizeprofitsona25-acrefarm,aCMC( membershipclub)ofabout1,000peopleisneeded.选项：Atypicalpopulationcenterof50,000shouldbeabletosupportCMC’sonatleastfifty25-acrefarms.必要条件➡充分条件；2CMC➡populationcenter69-11:Primarypurpose题：B.toprovidedetailsofhowcertainoldmethodsofphotographicprocessingareusedinproducing icphotographsC.togiveanaccountofasurprisingrecentdevelopmentinthephotographic当B、C致太窄，且太具体常常这个具体的detail与文章不符合，如本题中的68-8:原文：Fewerandfewerntshaveremainedassuitablefoodsourcesforanyonespeciesofinsect;speciesofinsectshavethustendedto eassociatedwithnarrowlydefinedandoftenbotanicallyrestrictedgroupsofnts.每种虫吃选项：Long-termcompetitionbetweenntsandinsectshasledtoaoftherangeofsecondarysubstancespresentinntsand,thus,alsotoanarrowingoftherangeofinsectspeciesthateateachspeciesofnt.68-14appearedindirectresponseto…67-7:有时涉及简单的运算，要对文中的数字敏感：ItsysisofTucker’sactingtechniqueisnotbasedonacloseexaminationofapreponderanceofthefiinwhichTuckerperformed.原文中是共20部而在另一个地方提到用到了10部，所以不是apreponderanceof evolution,process,mechanism,method:Itshouldbevaluabletoscholarsnotonlybecauseoftheresearch-basedinformationitcontainsbutalsobecauseoftheinnovativeresearchmethodsdevelopedandimplementedbytheauthorinformation和material不能算是innovativemethodeditorial–，要有reportorialtolaboutwhathappenedinsomekindofhonestjournalisticwaydata数据contrast对比－”shecontrasts alhistorieswithabouttheindividual’sculture”individualitscultureghostwrite:author＋subject➡subject onlymostrequiresprerequisitenotinanywayproblematicseveral=some；suchsome vadj而非nfatal/lackofimmuneresponse不等于progressmorecauseattentiontotheincreasingprevalenceofindustriesthathavecharacteristicsofthePinFactory这个increasingprevalence就是原文没有giveevidenceoftherangeanddiversityofTucker’snonprofessionalinterestsandthelivesofentertainersItwaswrittenby whoparticipatedwithTuckerinatleastsomeoftheatricalventuresthatTuckerItintroducesanunconventionaldefinitionofchronicinsomniavsoccasionalboutsofinsomnianumberofinsectspeciesvsnumberofinsects70-4:文中解释CJD病的机制中包含一个重要步骤是prionreproduction，问“Iftheywereunabletoreproducethemselves,abnormallyshapedprionswouldnotcauseCJD”（当然，这个选项也须是和其他选项对比最正确的）70-70-23detail否则有可能是自己加的assumption定义处没重视forexample文章：消极／否定：standapartfromtooignoranttooverinvestexceptiontheirinterestlayin括号，时间点：(mostlysince1950)括号，对比处：(incontrastto…)trade”或：first,primary,primereasonfallbackon回。“astheorshaddemanded”处因果关系derivesfrom，generatedby表解释／定义：冒号处，i.e，破折号known表强调：underlineunderscorefundamental表弱化：undermine,underemphasize,omitunderlie:70-3:IfthehypothesisthatCJDiscausedbyprionsiscorrect,findingtheanswertowhichoneofthefollowingquestionswouldtendmosttohelpaphysiciandecidingwhetherapatienthasa这个题干特意强调了if…correct，答案肯定是要联系prion这个cause回答的68-18:ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePinFactorymodelwouldcontinuetobean“undergroundriver”wereitnotfor67-11:Whichoneofthefollowingwouldmostclearlysupporttheauthor’scontentionthatNisa’sexperienceasa!Kungwomanilluminatewomen’sexperienceingeneral?看清support的对象10-3-3claim是有特定含义的，如果是说明文中，没有claim，只有fact，那么不能随Forquicklyrom60percentliquidto70percentgasThissurgeingascontentcausesthepressuredecreases…错误选项：把后面的decrease改为increase；正确选项：把liquidtogasincreasegastoliquidaffect…因为这一段整个含义就是这个变化有影响pressure，那么即使与具体举的例子不同，也是可以infer的8-1-2:注意选项时态，c.itledtotheuseofnewtreatmentsformajordiseases.但文中是may…infuture8-2-5ethical有特定还一，是指社会人文方面的，比如political8-1-4:注意选项单复数，weaken题，比如原文的观点是amajorconcernisthatgeneticallyalteredmicroorganismsmightescapefromthelaboratory.那么选项：Ageneticallyalteredmicroorganismaccidentallyreleasedfromalaboratoryissuccessfullycontained.一个说明不了问题几个词的互换：opponentcritics24-1-3:interpret…differentlythantheriskcommunicatorshadintended=isimportantinlife不单是仅指ethical，所以可以说valuesystemontheirperceptionsofrisk13-1-1:“Althoughtheideaofneurogenesisintheadultm lianbrainisstillnotgenerallyaccepted,thesefindingsmighthelpuncoveramechanismthat…”ofbraincells…”同时，要注意文章中的观点是否有范围限制，如本文“amajortenetoftheneuroscienceshasbeenthatallneuronsinthebrainsofvertebrateanimalsareformedearlyinthedevelopment”那么选项”refutealong-heldbeliefaboutthelimitedsupplyofbraincells”就不对，应该要有invertebrateanimal的范围限制此外，stillnotgenerallyacceptedtraditionalview仍然是currentview13-1-4:whichoneofthefollowingwouldmostseriouslyunderminetheexnationproposedbytheauthorinthethirdparagraph?这是个细节题，而非针对para3整体的题目，因为exnation是个细节而非泛指内容29-3-19:对于ogy题目如果逻辑都是符合的那么或者内容相近也更佳21-3-2029-3-16:argument哪个是30-1-4:supposethatnumerousokapisarediscoveredlivinginaregioninnortheasterncentralAfricathatzoologistshadnotpreviouslyexplored.Basedontheircurrentviews,whichoneofthefollowingwouldthezoologistsbemostlikelytoconcludeaboutthis?1.问题中修饰部分一定看清楚；2.从谁的观12-4-25:contrastcontrast的摆在一起，与比较相似；contrast表示Compareinsuchawayastoemphasizedifferences:2-3-214-2-11:human-engineeredchanges即人为的变化10-1-8:Oilcompaniesneedoffshoretformprimarilybecausetheoilornaturalgasthecompaniesextractfromtheoceanfloorhastobeprocessedbeforethe38-1-最后一句话中的succession是指冒号之后也就是前句距离this最近的那段话：homogeneouspine followedbyabandonmentofland；而非前句的主句：clearingfollowedbyregularburning，即使那是主句。thisthis不是指18-2:文章中的certainly表示让步wecertainlyneedtoget易词要注意：historiansofscience和philosophersofscience不同，在选项18-2-9:选项specificallytakenupforthepurposeoffalsificationby…如果题干中只有客观的行为，不能赋予之purpose18-2-11chronologicallyearlier：在时间顺序上靠前，如果文中只是叙述位置在reservationabout23-4-3:remedy:Amedicineortreatmentforadiseaseorinjury;Ameansofcounctingoreliminatingsomethingundesirable;括hands-off，放任政策中是泛指的：…isthoughtto…那么应该是指大众的观点misconceptionrevolutionary:16-4-3:itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetheoryemployedbytheinvestigatorsmentionedinthesecondparagraphwouldleadonetopredictthatwhichoneofthefollowingwouldresultfromtheadditionofagrainofsandtoasandpile1.读题干每个字，慢点读，定位置的信息一定不能掉；2.a说33-3-17intheprecedingparagraph表示前一26-3:theresearchteamconcluded…这种说法一般都是最后要被26-3-16:whichoneofthefollowingismostogoustotheapproachtakenbytheauthorofthepassagewithregardtotheresearchdescribedinthethirdparagraph?不要直接看成是问researchinthe3rd的立场26-3-19:Theexnationforthedolphindie-offgivenbytheresearchteammoststronglysupportswhichoneofthefollowingTheresearchteam不是泛指文中的argumentdetailresearchteam以及他们的28-2-9:aneruptionthatcausesaveragetemperatureinthehemisphereoftheeruptiontodropbylessthanhalfadegreecentigrade这句话语义上不包括本来没有drop的情况31-3-13:thetheoreticalbasesandtheculturalassumptionsunderlyingarecentbookonthehistoryofwomeninscience看仔细，women不要漏14-1-1,4:detail/infer题，有些选项只是文中某个usible1-2-10:choreography不是指空间上的排列（map）而是指时间上的顺序（sequencethe22-4-26:CertainlythischaracterizationwouldseemtobeapplicabletothesciencesInessenceamathematicalstatementmaybetakentoaccountforeveryaspectofaphenomenon…seemto和maybe表不确定5-3-19:一道题干和选项难读懂的题：Thepassageindicatesthatthepatterncharacterizesabacterium’smotionchangesinresponsethekindsofchemicalattractantspresentindifferentconcentrationthebacterium’sdetectionofchangesintheconcentrationofanchangesintheintervalsoftimethatoccurbetweenthebacterium’smeasurementoftheconcentrationofanattractant这道题实际上的答案应该是detectionofchangesduringdifferentintervalsoftimeofchemicalattractantspresentindifferentconcentrationgradients，那么三akinds，cchangesintheintervalsoftimechangesinconcentrationBB没有涵盖所有prephrase35-3-20biastowardbiasagainst35-3-18particularity与universalitypoolsofspecies,anditisthetotalnumberofspeciesavailableregionallyforcolonizinganyparticularareathatmakesthedifferencelocal和regional是有区别的：local可以理解为“局部的”(范围较小)regional指某个区域的（范围比前者广localmarket当地市场regionalmarket区2-1-6colloquial指oralstreet-talk等，而原文中的irony&humor15-2-12:…ist:研究…的人，folklorist研究folklore的人，而非说folklore的人11-1:theonlyexampleof不要看成onlyoneoftheexamplesof；同理23-2medievalist是研究中世纪的人，而非中世纪的人33-2-10becompromisedbequalified:说的是：用的morecomplex，不是reluctantrejection，就是rejection(根据上下33-2-14:whichoneoftheprinciplesmostlikelyernstheauthor’sevaluationoflacob’snarrative?要看到principles才能有针对性的找选项19-1-3:原文中说了是falseoppositionfalse，那么选项中adilemmaingreaterdepthdilemma16-1-8:hasByroneverbeenconsideredtobea“great”poet?指们认为，是22-1-1symbol和imagery22-1-4idealtranscendentalimpractical9-1-2:performingarts指表演艺术，与其他艺术对比Performingartsareartformsinwhich susetheirvoicesand/orthemovementsoftheirbodies,ofteninrelationtootherobjects,toconvey icexpression—asopposedto,forexample,purelyvisualarts,inwhich susepaint/canvasorvariousmaterialstocreatephysicalorstaticartobjects.Performingartsincludeavarietyofdisciplinesbutallareintendedtobeperformedinfrontofaaudience.但是performingarts与liveperformance不同，liveperformance只是其一种表演形式，比如还可以刻录成碟5-4autobiography25-2-12:“MilmanParry’simmediatesuccessor”successor指的不一定是他儿8-3:ghostwriter:A whosejobitistowritematerialforsomeoneelsewhoisthenamedauthor.即代笔，署名是被代笔者14-2:有些词自带褒贬：organic,inspired褒义；mechanical37-3-15basedonthepassageEllison’scriticswouldmostlikelyhaverespondedfavorablytoInvisibleManifithad...Ellison’scritics指的是批评Ellison的人，而非Ellison本身；后面itInvisibleMan而非critics(复数，they)13-3-15whattheysawasW’stypicaleighteenthcenturytalentfortranscendingrealitythroughart文中是说可以predictfuturetranscendreality21-1-2thenocturnesofJohntypifytheLondonPianoforteschoolstyleTypify36-2:区分几个常见的词-ofthedevelopmentofscienceandscientificknowledgeincludingboththenaturalsciencesandsocialsciences.Inlectualhistorian－研究inlectualhistory:指思想史Inlectualhistoryreferstothehistoriographyofmajorideasandthinkers.Inlectualhistoryaspracticedbyhistoriansisparalleltothehistoryofphilosophyasdonebyphilosophers,andismoreakintothehistoryofideas.Inlectualhistorianofscience此外，historianhistorianofliture要知道就是研究liturehistory的人，historianofscience同理，它们出现在题目中时要注意区分，不要(15-3)但是 lectualhistorian这个词词义可以比较广不单指思想史只要针对Culturalhistory:这里用到了languagespecialistshistoriansofscienceinlectualhistorian.因为主要是对比语言学者和历史学家的角度不同，所以historiansofscience和inlectualhistorian是指的同一拨人36-2-12:theinformationinthepassagesuggestswhichoneoftheconcerninglate-RenaissancescientificworkswritteninLatin?因为全文的时间背景都是late–R所以这道题是GL而非detail38-4-24contributelittle不能说成24-4-27theprecedingparagraph指上一段；theprecedingparagraphs:指前面3-2-8:upper-classlaboratoryworkers:是指workers是upper-class，而非laboratory是upper-classupper-class和laboratory都是修饰13-2-11:选项：provideaspecificexampleofrelevantdataoverlookedbyBandIintheirdiscussionofhistoricalevents.原文中是underemphasize，则这个选项不符合，因为underemphasize恰恰是看了之后认为不重要，而非overlook，可以说overlook/ignoretheimportanceof…11-4-27purpose题：argue和describe31-1-4:theuseofalternativesourcesofenergy不等于optimizeenergy21-4-27:文中有unfortuna y，可以认为是author’sdisappointment28-3-20:functionoflastparagraph:b.itgivesanexamplethatillustratestheweaknessoftheneweconomicschool mendsaneconomicbasedonthebasicgoalsoftheprevailingeconomicschoolitnotesanobjectiontoimplementingthepoliciesoftheneweconomicschoolandidentifiesanadditionalthatcanhelpavoidthatobjectionandstillmeetthegoalaneconomymustmeetobjectionweakness不同，weaknessobjection是别人，作者可能没有说明立9-3-18:theauthorcharacterizetheGreektraditionofthe“law-giver”(line21)asaneffectofmythologizingmostprobablyinorderto…这里问的中心是mythologizinglaw-giver，不要看到有特指就不读完题8-4-22:uncertaintiesaboundabouthowtheprobaterulesforvaluingassetswereactuallyapplied=difficulttointerpret32-2-11:reliesonthelastamountofspeculationaboutnon-Westerncultures.Speculation表示推测 illustrate:Exinormake(something)clearbyusingexamples,charts,pictures,10-4-25:thetestprovidesnobasisfordecidingamongthethreeclassicaltheoriesdiscussedinthepassage;theories的相对强弱，哪个moreusible等7-4-26:accordingtothepassage,thetypeoflandownershipinitiallyobtainablebyNativeAmericansundertheDawesActdifferedfromthetypeofownershipobtainableaftera25-yearperiodinthatonlythelatterallowed要看清楚问的是7-4-27:whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheauthor’sargumentregardingthetruemotivationforthepassageofDAct?原文结构是先否了两个possiblemotivationA&B;truemotivation:C；选项有一个是说Atruemotivation，如果有选项直接addresstruemotivation会更好（与LRstrengthen稍稍不22-2-13:supportive和optimistic有区别：supportive指上支持，supportive23-2-12calleddowerinEnglandthisgranthad…这个inEngland表示：1.其他地方也有，2.其他地方不叫dower12-3-19:Englishlaw仅指英国法，而不包括32-1-2:confidentthatitenablesdefenselawyerstobalancetheircompetingresponsibilitiestothecourtandtosociety.文中只是definesillustrate，那么不是enableaofinterests泛指利1-3-21critical13-4-27Juriesusuallyoverestimatethevalueofvisualevidencesuchasphotographs.如果原文中只是may的话，不能用usuallyJurieshavepreconceptionsaboutthebehaviorofdefendantsthatpreventsthemfrommakinganobjectiveysisoftheevidenceinacriminaltrial. 是ajurymaygivemoreprobativeweightthanobjectiveysiswouldallowtovividphotographicevidence…原文中有may，选项中没有，当作了客观事实陈21-2legitimate是指合法的，Conformingtothelaworto而legal有两层含义：1permittedbylaw2Relatingto“havenolegitimateauthority24-3:在casereport里，opinion是指意见部分而completetranscripts是指全部笔录AtranscriptisawrittenrecordofspokenlanguageIncourtproceedings,atranscriptisusuallyarecordofalldecisionsofthejudge,andthespokenargumentsbythelitigants'lawyers.ArelatedtermusedintheUnitedStatesisdocket,notafulltranscript.Thetranscriptisexpectedtobeanexactanduneditedrecordofeveryspokenword,witheachspeakerindicated.24-3-19makesuseofdetailedinformationonagreaternumberofcases;了数量，不要一图快看成more26-4-23:ItsuggeststhatStaves’recentworkhascausedsignificantrevisionoftheoriesabouttherightsofwomenineighteenth-centuryEngland.Significant等程度词在LRRC中有意义26-4-27在文章中两处都使用了historian两处的historian是同一拨2-4-28ruleapply一种情况选出结果，这类题（相当于principleapply-LR）rules一般很细，容易错，要9-4-23TheirpowerrelativetothatofParliamentwasconsiderablygreaterthanitwasintheeighteenthcentury.不要漏掉relative看成P’spower9-4-25ThepassageimpliesthatthecolonialsdiscussedinthepassagewouldhaveconsideredwhichoneofthefollowingtobeasourceoftheirdebateswithEngland?Asourceofdebate即辩论的焦点／中心问题9-4-27:（failedclaimed）那么就不能说是ongoingdebate9-1-4:exinanaspectoftherelationshipbetweenEnglandandcertainofitsAmericancoloniesintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.Certain=some16-2:Itcanbeinferredthattheobjectionsraisedbythecriticsmentionedinline18wouldbemostclearlyansweredbyaUSSupremeCourtdecisionthat…文章结构是：让步段－陈述观点段；需要answer的是让步段的内容；这时答案不是的however的内容是直接反了让步段might的可能性:onewhorepresentsatribewhosemembershopetopreventthedisintermentofremainsfromadistantlocationfromwhichthetriberecentlymoved.fromtodistantlocation表示距离远而非年代远（fromanancient/distantpast/future…）commonlawisrarelyusedasabasisfortheclaimsofNativeAmericanswhohaveestablishedstandinginsuchcases.这里的used是指某一方作为支持，而不等于recognizedbycourts:couldthepropertyonwhichburiedobjectswerefoundbelegallyconsideredtobeabandonedproperty?Property特指20-2-14areaofmedievalsociety”这个area不同于areaofthe这个area15-4-24:exinwhyanargumentaboutblackeconomicprogressis plete是指内容对，但是某些问题没有完全解答（显，若文中是观点直接被作者反了，不能 33-4:citeanexampleofobjectionsthatwereraisedtoBentham’sproposedreform这个指别人提出来的objection，而不是作者自己的objection30-3-18:whethertheseconsiderationsareseparatefromorintegraltothelegalprocessisamatterofdebate不一定是说作者对此无确定观点，而是说观点与其他人不同，可以与他们debate一下30-3-21itincorporatesmoralprinciplesinordertoyielddefinitivesolutionstolegalproblemsIncorportateappealto，incorporate是使内化，而appealto仍然是外部的48-3-7:选项：thistraditiontranscendsitssocialandhistoricalTranscends是，可以脱离。而存在的意思，与原文dependon,speaks48-3-6:原文全篇关于poetrymainidea

art48-3-12:tacitacceptance(没有表明作者立场，特别是全部的说明都是他人观点，如shemaintains,holds…，都没有作者自己的解释时) ThetrickypartofthisquestionisthattheauthorneverdirectlystateshisorherpositionTheauthordoeshowever,devotemanymorewordstoGluck’sside,andbothbeginsandendsthepassagewithdefensesofGluck’sposition,rebuttingeachofthecriticspointswithacogentargumentfromGluck.原文结构：G观点－critics－G的rebuttal橘子49-3-P1:Andasidefromtheriskofintentionalmanipulationofimagesordeceitfuluseofcapacitiessuchasstop-actionandhighlighting,thereisalsothepossibilitythatcomputerdisyscanbeinherentlymisleading.意思是unintentional－即computerdisy本身就是misleading的，即使不intentionallyabuse49-3-12Eintroductionofthepracticeofproducingsculpturesforneighboringgroups–introduction有特定含义：引入，发起:criticalacceptanceofbilingualformsofliryexpressioncritical，有特定含义，指性接:whatistheprevailingviewofMexicanAmericanlitureamongcriticsintheUSviewof后面接的是view的对象，而非产生view的主体，因uscriticsMexicanAmericanliture的观点，而非uscritics中M