论福克纳的南方情结在其作品中的体现

/ABSTRACTComplex，apsychologicalterm,referstoagroupofmentalfactorsthatareunconsciouslyassociatedbytheindividualwithaparticularsubjectorconnectedbyarecognizablethemeandinfluencetheindividual’sattitudeandbehavior。WilliamFaulkner,apreeminentSouthernwriter,haddeepSouthernComplex.Hecreatedthe“littlepostagestampofnativesoil"——YoknapatawphaCountywhichispatternedafterhisreal-lifehomeinOxfordandLafayetteCountyandsetmanyhisworksinthisimaginaryplace.Faulkner’sYoknapatawphaCountynovelscrownnearlyallaspectsofthespringheadsofhisSouthernComplex.ThispaperanalyzesWilliamFaulkner’sSouthernComplexinhisworks。ThepaperfirstdefinescomplexandpresentsWilliamFaulkner’sSouthernComplex。ItthenelaboratesfouraspectsoftheembodimentofFaulkner’sSouthernComplexintheYoknapatawphaCountynovels:writingstyle，language,characterizationandthesetting，YoknapatawphaKeywords：SouthernComplex；Southerngothic，language，characterization,Yoknapatawpha摘要情结是一个心理术语，指的是人的潜抑的一组相互关联的感觉和观念以及不自觉产生的复杂情绪体验.威廉·福克纳是美国著名的南方作家，有着深厚的南方情结.他以自己“邮票般大小的故土”为原型创建了约克纳帕塔法县,并以此作为自己作品的背景.福克纳的所有作品几乎都显现了他的南方情结。此篇论文分析了福克纳的南方情结在其作品中的体现。首先，这篇论文给“情结”和福克纳的“南方情结”下了定义。然后，论文从四方面来论证福克纳南方情结的体现：写作风格、语言、人物塑造和背景环境—-约克纳帕塔法县.最后,论文分析了福克纳南方情结形成的内在原因和外在原因.关键词：南方情结；歌特式风格;语言；人物塑造；约克纳帕塔法县ContentsTOC\o”1-3"\h\z1.Introduction 1HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835967”2.Faulkner’sComplexresearch 2HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835968”2.1DefinitionofComplex 2_Toc182835971”3.EmbodimentofSouthernComplex 43。1SouthernGothic 4_Toc182835975”3。1.2Gothicplot 5_Toc182835973"3。2Language 6HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835974"3。2。1Southwesthumor 7HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835975”3.2.2Dialect 8_Toc182835972"3。3。1QuentinCompsonandEmilyGrierson 10HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835972”3。3.2JasonCompson 113.3。3CaddyCompson 123.4YoknapatawphaCounty 124.1InternalCauses 14HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835978”4。2ExternalCauses 15_Toc182835979"Acknowledgement 18HYPERLINK\l”_Toc182835979"References 191。IntroductionThemanhimselfneverstoodtallerthanfivefeet，sixinchestall，butintherealmofAmericanliterature,WilliamFaulknerisagiant.Asoneofthegreatestwritersofthe20thcentury，WilliamFaulknergainshisreputationbynovels,novellasandshortstories。HismostcelebratednovelsareTheSoundandtheFury,LightinAugust,AsIlaydying,andAbsalom,Absalom!Faulknerisalsoaprolificwriterofshortstories，writinghundredsofstories，ARoseforEmily,DrySeptemberincluded。FaulknerwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1949.BornandlivinginthesouthernstateMississippi,Faulknercherishesadeeploveforthisland.15outof19novelsandmostoftheshortstoriesaresetinhisnativestateofMississippi，andFaulknerisconsideredasoneofthemostimportantSouthernwriters.Inhismanynovelsandshortstories，FaulknertransformstheAmericanSouthintohisownuniqueimaginaryworld。Hecreatesthe“littlepostagestampofnativesoil”--YoknapatawphaCounty——amythicalcountyinnorthernMississippi.Faulkner’sapocryphalYoknapatawphaCounty,settingformostofhisfictionandpatternedafterhisreal-lifehomeinOxfordandLafayetteCounty,Mississippi,isperhapsthemostfamousaddressinAmericanliterature.YoknapatawphaCountyhas15，611inhabitantswhoarescatteredover2,400squaremiles。Asthesoleownerandproprietorofthecounty,Faulknerpoursouthiscomplicatedfeelingsandemotionsonthecountyabouthisnativeland，theSouth.Almostallofhisnovelsdealwiththelandscape，people，eventsandhistoryoftheSouth，andnearlyeverypageofhisworksinsomewaydocumentsthedetailsofordinarylife,aboveallthespeech,itsidiomsanddialects，butalsothedress，themanners,work,leisure,food，andcountlessotherfolkcustoms。［1］80Faulkner“wroteeverythingthereistosayabouttheSouth”andechoesofhis“southerness"arefoundintoday’sliterature。［2］121WilliamFaulknerhasaSouthernComplexandhedemonstratesthecomplexin2.Faulkner’sSouthernComplexWilliamFaulkner’srelationtotheSouthresemblesJamesJoyce’srelationtoIreland。Foreachofthem,hisnativeculture，traditionandhistoryprovidethesubjectmatterofhisfiction.ForFaulkner,hecherishesadeeploveforthislandanddisplayshisfeelingsandemotionsthroughhisworks.AllFaulkner’sworksisabouttheSouth：thesouthernvaluesandcode,thesouthernlandscape,andthesouthernpeople。WilliamFaulknerhasaSouthernComplex.2.1DefinitionofComplexComplexisapsychologicalterm.TheodorZiehencoinedthetermin1898。Merriam—Webster’sCollegiateDictionarydefinescomplexasagroupofrepresseddesiresandmemoriesthatexertsadominatinginfluenceuponthepersonality。Whileinpsychologyacomplexisagroupofmentalfactorsthatareunconsciouslyassociatedbytheindividualwithaparticularsubjectorconnectedbyarecognizablethemeandinfluencetheindividual’sattitudeandbehavior.Initsoriginalsignificance，asusedbyCarlJung,theterm“complex”referredtoexperiencebelongingtotheunconsciouswhich，thoughinaccessibletoconsciousness，isyetcapableofinfluencingthoughtandconduct.Itisespeciallyusefulwhereweareseekingfortheexplanationofaspecificmentalmanifestationsuchasaphobia,afugue,aspecificanxiety，aspecificfeatureofadream,oraspecificaffection。2。2SouthernComplexWilliamFaulknerhasaspecificaffectiontowardtheSouth.BornintoatypicalMississippifamilyin1897,FaulknerhasaSouthernheritagewhichheintegratesintohisworks.HeiseagertodescribethediverseaspectsoftheSouth，tryinghardtotellthesouthernculture,religion,moralityandothercharacteristics,suchasitsgothictradition，itsSouthwesthumoranditsdialect.WilliamFaulkner’sobviouslovetotheSouthcanbeconcludedas“SouthernComplex”.TheSouthernComplexisagroupoflargelyunconsciousideasandfeelingswhichcentreontheAmericanSouth。Faulkner'sSouthernComplexisbasedonhisknowledgeoftheSouth,hissympathyfortheSouthandhisdeepattachmenttotheSouth。SouthernComplexhasinfluencedFaulkner’sthoughtandattitudeandbeenillustratedineachofhisworks。FaulknercreatesYoknapatawphaCountythatmirrorsFaulkner’shometownLafayetteCountywhosepeople，eventsandhistorybearstrongresemblancetothoseofthefictionalregion.Faulknernotonlyuseshisfictiontodocumenthisobservationsofhispeopleandtheirland,healsoisatworkprobingtheSouth’spast,challengingthefoundationofthesouthernsociety,raisingdisturbingquestionsandtryingtoevoketheSoutherners’consciousness。［3]17FaulknerdelivershismixedfeelingsofprideandscorntowardtheSouthbythelanguageheuses，charactershecreates，andthemesheadoptsofhisworks,whichearnsFaulkner'swritingareputationthatas“Southern3。EmbodimentofSouthernComplexWilliamFaulkner’sSouthernComplexcanbetracedineveryline,everywordofhisworks.FaulknersetsmanyofhisworksintheimaginaryYoknapatawphaCounty，amicrocosmofthepostbellumSouth。HeexploresanddisplaystheSouthinhisYoknapatawphasystemastheYoknapatawphaCountynovelshavecrownednearlyallaspectsofFaulkner'sSouthernComplex.IwilldecodeFaulkner'scomplexfeelingstowardshissouthernnativeland3.1SouthernGothicSouthernGothicisaSubgenreoftheGothicwritingstyle，uniquetoAmericanliterature。Itreliesonsupernatural，ironic，orunusualeventstoguidetheplotandusesthesetoolsbuttoexploresocialissuesandrevealtheculturalcharacteroftheAmericanSouth.OneofthemostnotablefeaturesoftheSouthernGothicis“HYPERLINK””ThebeginningofAbsalom，Absalom!setsagloomykeynoteofthewholenovelbybringingustoanoldgothicsouthernhouse:“adimhotairlessroomwiththeblindsallclosedandfastenedforforty—threesummers，”(Faulkner,1990：1）and“therewouldbethedimcoffin—smellinggloomsweetwiththetwice—bloomedwisteriaagainsttheouterwallbythesavageSeptembersun。”(Faulkner,1990:2）InQuentin’seyes,theairinthehouse“wasevenhotterthanoutside，asiftherewereprisonedinitlikeinatomballthesuspirationofslowheat-ladentime.”（Faulkner,1990：6)Absalom，Absalom！hasaprevailingatmosphereofterrorandmysterywhichistheveryfeatureofSouthernGothic。InARoseforEmily,MissEmily’shouseisasdecayingasthewaningsouthernsocietyintheaftermathofthecivilwar：“OnlyMissEmily'shousewasleft,liftingitsstubbornandcoquettishdecayabovethecottonwagonsandthegasolinepumps—aneyesoreamongeyesores”（130,paragraph2）.Theinteriorofherhouseisbecomingeeriealongwiththeexterior：itwasdimand“Itsmelledofdustanddisuse—aclose,danksmell…Itwasfurnishedinheavy,leather-coveredfurniture…theycouldseethattheleatherwascracked;andwhenwheysatdown,afaintdustrosesluggishlyabouttheirthighs,spinningwithslowmotesinthesinglesun-ray"(131,paragraph5）.Themorbidatmosphereishelpfulinsupportingthegothicthemeofthestory。3。1。2GothicplotGothicplotisimportantinSouthernGothic。Gothicplotisoftenfullofmysteryandviolence.InARoseforEmily,Faulknerhasrevealedaloomingfamilysecretinatrulygothicfashion。Attheendofstory,thelonglostHomerBarronisfounddeadanddecayinginMissEmily'satticbedroom.Emilypoisonsherlovertodeathwitharsenicandkeepshiscorpseformorethanfortyyears。Whatismoregothicisthat“Thenwenoticedthatinthesecondpillowwastheindentationofahead。Oneofusliftedsomethingfromit,andleaningforward，thatfaintandinvisibledustdryandacridinthenostrils,wesawalongstrandofiron—grayhair"（135,paragraph60）。ApictureofMissEmilysleepingnexttothedeceasedHomerBarronorevenhavingsexwithhimcomesintoreaders’minds.InAbsalom，Absalom！therearealtogethereightpeoplewhoaredeadunnaturally.Oneperson(RosaColdfield)diedofimprisonment,onepersondiedofsuicide,twopeople(ClytieandHenrySutpen）burntthemselvestodeath,andtheotherfourpeople(includingSutpen）weremurderedbyothers.Thisplotcanembodythegothicnatureofthenovel。3。1。3GothiccharacterGothiccharacterisanothercrucialelementofSouthernGothic.Theheroorheroineisalwaysa“villain/hero,thecharismaticyetterrifyingfigure.”（Weinstein,2000：129）MissEmilyGreirson,inARoseforEmilyisastereotypicalSouthernGothiccharacter.AsthelastdescendantoftheGreirsonswhooncestoodamongtheeliteoftheSouth,MissEmilyinsistedonplacinghighvalueto“honorandpride”towhichtheoldSouthpayshomage。Althoughtimesarechanging,MissEmilyisnot。Shealwaysstickstobeingheldatahigherrankthaneveryoneelse.Moreover，afterherbelovedfatherpassesawayandherYankeelover“leaves”，MissEmilyslipsintoalifeofseclusion，escapingfromtherealityandneverleavesherhome。Whenthealdermenenteredherdecrepitparlortocollecthertaxes，MissEmilyinsistedthatthealdermendiscussthetaxsituationwithamanwhohadbeendeadforadecade.Shesaid“SeeColonelSartoris.IhavenotaxesinJefferson"(131，paragraph12）。Atthattime，MissEmilywasdescribedaslooking“。。.bloated,likeabodylongsubmergedinmotionlesswater，andofthatpallidhue.”Forfearofherlover,HomerBarron’sabandon，MissEmilytakestheoffensivebypoisoninghimwitharsenicandkeepshiscorpseinheratticbedroomformorethanfortyyears.Onlyafterherdeathhasthesecretbeenrevealed。Themurdermakesheramonsterinreaders’eyes.Thediscoveryofastrandofherhaironthepillownexttotherottingcorpsesuggeststhatshesleptwiththecadaveror,evenworse，hadsexwithit.WhatMissEmilyhasdonetoHomerBarronexactlyshowstheGothicnatureofthestoryinthatGothicnovelsandstoriesalsooftenincludeunnaturalcombinationsofsexanddeath.Inherlateryears,MissEmilywas“asmall,fatwomaninblack…leaningonanebonycanewithatarnishedgoldheart"(131,paragraph6).EmilyGreirsonisatypicaldecaying，morbidcharacterofaSouthernGothicstory。3.2LanguageWilliamFaulkner'sSouthernComplexisexpectedineveryaspectandthefeatureoftheSouthernlanguagecanneverbeignored。Southwest(Frontier）humorisauniquefeatureintheSouthwhichFaulknerisgoodatusing。AsMalcolmCowleypointsoutinThePortableFaulkner（Intro.）,Faulknerhasanastonishinghumor,whatCowleycalls“asortofhomelyandsober—sidedfrontierhumorthatisseldomachievedincontemporarywriting。”Adialectisavarietyoflanguagethatischaracteristicofacertainarea.

Thewaypeoplespeaksaysalotaboutwheretheyarefrom，whotheyareandwhattheycareabout.SoutherndialectisrecognizableinFaulkner’sworks。ThroughtheSoutherndialect,FaulknershowsusSoutherners’identitiesandwaysoflife.3。2。1SouthwesthumorFolkhumorisadistinctivefeatureinAmericanculture。Itisdividedintotwotypes:oneisthe“DownEasttype"，whichispopularintheNorth;theotheris“Southwesthumor”，or“frontierhumor”,whichisspreadintheSouth.Southwesthumoristhenamegiventoatraditionofregionalsketchesandtalesbasedinthe“oldSouth-West"：Tennessee,Alabama,Mississippi，andArkansas.HumorisfoundeverywhereinFaulkner’sworkandhiscomicachievementowesmuchtonineteenth—centuryfrontier（Southwest)humor.Relyingonhisownexperienceandthetraditionheisapartof,Faulkner’sheritageisalsotheabundantrichesofSouthwesternhumor。Usinghisownregionandhisownlocalorruralpeople,theveryspeechandbehaviorofthesepeoplewillinitselffunctionasacomicelement.Faulknerexaggerateswildly,usesinversionofrolesorpracticesforcomicpurpose，investswitandcunninginthepresumedlowerraces，andeveninthepurportedweakersex,usesdifferentlevelsofstylese。g.indirectspeechsoastojuxtaposethemandmakefunofoneortheother,dependentontheperspective；andmanyofhisbackwoodspeoplearecomiccharactersiftheyarenotplainlygrotesque。[5]83InAsILayDying,afterAddieBundren’sdeath,herhusband，daughterandfoursonstakehercorpsetothegrave.Duringthewholeprocess，theymeetalotofdifficulties，suchasfireandflood.Theentire“adventure"isjustlikeacomedy。Duringtheadventure，manyofthedetailsareexaggeratingandabsurd，suchascuringthebrokenlegwithcement，andmarringawomanwholookslikeaduck。ThesearethetypicalembodimentsofSouthwesthumor.TheHamletbestdemonstratesFaulkner’suseofsouthwesthumor.ExamplesofFaulkner’suseofcomiceffectsinTheHamletcanbefoundinthedescriptionofthereactionsofthemembersoftheVarnerfamilywhenEulahasbecomepregnant:“HoldhimtillIgetastickofstovewood，”shegasped。“I’llfixhim。I’llfixbothofthem。TurninguppregnantandyellingandcursinghereinthehousewhenIamtryingtotakeanap！”OldmanVarner，Will，wassmarterthanhiswifeandson,andhadnoplansofrevengeorpunishment：“Youmeanyouaintgoingtodonothing？”Jodysaid。“Notanything？”“Dowhat？"Varnersaid.“Towho？DontyouknowthemdamntomcatsarehalfwaytoTexasnow？Wherewouldyoubeaboutnow，ifitwasyou？。..”。..“Nowyougoonouttothebarnandsetdownuntilyoucooloff.MakeSamdigyousomewormsandgofishing。Ifthisfamilyneedsanyhead—holding-updone，I’lltendtoitmyself。”.。。“Hellanddamnation，allthishullabalooanduproarbecauseoneconfoundedrunningbitchfinallyfoxedherself。Whatdidyouexpect-thatshewouldspendtherestofherlifejustrunningwaterthroughit?"3。2.2DialectSouthernComplexinFaulkner’sworksispresentedbyaspecialandimportantfeature：thecommoncharacteristicsofSouthernspeech。Inhisworks,FaulknerdisplaysanexcellentsampleoftheSouthernlanguage，includinglinguisticqualitiesofbothblackandwhitespeech。FaulknerestablishesauniqueliteraryvoicewhichwasrecognizableduetovariancesfromstandardEnglishinvocabulary，pronunciation，andgrammaticalform.Faulknercreatesaliterarydialectwhichisconsistentthroughouthisworks。Aliterarydialectisbestdefinedasan“author’sattempttorepresentinwritingaspeechthatisrestrictedregionally,socially，orboth"。[6］1TheliterarydialectintheworksofWilliamFaulknerisalmostacarbon-copyoftheSoutherndialecthetrulyspeaks.Theliterarydialectisillustratedbyanintentionalmisspelling,like“marster”formaster，thereplacementof“the"and“that”bytheirvariations“de”and“dat”,asnegroslaveSimon’swordsinFlagsintheDust“Hegotoffendetwoo'clocktrain.”，theuseof“Miss"alongwiththegivenfirstnameofafemale，asin“MissCorrie。”orthemultiplecasesofdoublenegative。ThesearedistinctlySouthernspeechtraditions。Moreover,thislocalspeechisamixtureofSouthernAmericanandNegrodialogue.Southernaristocracycanshiftnotonlyvocabularyandpronunciation,butevengrammar，accordingtotheaudience.Forexample,inTheReivers,theupper-classgrandfathercharacterBossisaneducatedmanofhighsocialstandinginthecommunity.Yet，whenheisinthecompanyofonlyhisgrandsonLucius,aspartofalecture，hesays“thesafethingsain’talwaysthebestthings”ThepresenceofAfricanAmericanspeechfeaturesisalsocharacteristicinSoutherndialect.ItisageneralruleofSouthernNegrospeechthatAfricanAmericanhavethetendencytopronouncewordslikemore，store,four,andfloorwithoutthe/r/sound，asinmo，sto，fo,andfloFaulknershowsthisfeatureinhisworks.Forinstance，inAsILayDying,thecharacterCashoffersastatementwhichprovesFaulkner’sconformitytothisblackEnglishnormwhenhesays，“Iain’tsoshothatereamanhastherighttosaywhatiscrazyandwhatain’t."Faulknerusesdialectto“makeadistinctionbetweentheirsocialpositions."（Faulkner)Forexample,inFlagsintheDust,thereisaconversationbetweenMissJennyandtheNegroSimon.“Mist’Bayarddonecomehome,”heremarked，inhisforerconversationaltone.“Whereishe？”MissJennydemandedimmediately。“Heaintcomeouthomeyit，”Simonanswered.“Ispeckhewenttodegraveyard。”“DoesColonelknowhe'shome？"“Yessum，Itolehim，buthedon'tacklikehebelievedIwuztellin’detroof。”SinceFaulknerhasemployedavastandcomplexSoutherndialectinhisstories，thelanguageheusedhasbecomeamicrocosmofSouthernlanguageasawhole.Asonecritichasnoted，“localformsofspeechmaintainone’sindividualdignityinahomogenizingworld"。3.3CharacterizationCharacterizationisalwaysthemostimportantpartofliterarywork.Ithelpstodemonstratethetheme.AlmosteverycharacterinFaulkner’sworksisatypicalSoutherneror“Northerninvader”。TheSoundandtheFuryisnodoubtWilliamFaulkner'smasterpiece。Itconsistsoffourpartsbydifferentnarrators:BenjyCompson，QuentinCompson,JasonCompsonandtheCompsonfamily'snegromaidDilsey.Amongthem,QuentinCompsonisatragicherowholingersinthepastandtriestoescapefromthereality,whileJasonCompsonisaSouthofmaterialgreedinfluencedbytheNorthinvasion。CaddyCompsonistherealcentralfigureinTheSoundandtheFuryforallhisbrothers,Benjy,QuentinandJasonhavespecialconnectionswithher。EmilyGriersonisafemale“QuentinCompson".SheisaspatheticasQuentinis,stickingtooldtraditionsandsouthernvalues。3。3.1QuentinCompsonandEmilyGriersonQuentinCompsonistheoldestoftheCompsonchildren.Heisa“good”child,fullyincontrol，resourceful，responsible，sensitiveandcompetent.Asthelastgenerationoftheonce-glorioussouthernfamily，Quentinstrugglestogropebackwardsforhishomeland’s“debilitatinggoldenage。”Quentinfeelsaninordinateburdenofresponsibilitytoliveuptothefamily'spastgreatnessandprestigeandtheSouth’shonorandglory.HeisaslavetotheOldSouthandtothepast。Quentinispreoccupiedwithtraditionalsoutherncodeofconductandmorality，whichdefinesorderandchaoswithinQuentin’sworld，andcauseshimtoidealizenebulous,abstractconceptssuchashonor，pride,virtue,andfemininepurity.HisstrictbeliefinthiscodecausesQuentinprofounddespairwhenhelearnsofCaddy'spromiscuity.InQuentin'seyes，Caddy’svirtueisamatteroffamilypride。Quentinholdsfirmlytothemoralleavenofsouthernsociety，attemptingtoshameCaddy,bymakingherrealizehertransgressionsagainstthefamily’shonor:“Whywontyoubringhimtothehouse，Caddy?Whymustyoudolikeniggerwomendointhepasturetheditchesthedarkwoodshothiddenfuriousinthedarkwoods"。TurningtohisfatherandmentorMr。Compsonforguidance,QuentinfeelsevenworsewhenhelearnsthathisfatherdoesnotcareaboutthesoutherncodeortheshameCaddy’sconducthasbroughtonthefamily.Quentinistryingtocopewiththeorderoftheworld,tryingtotoleratesomedegreeofdisorder,buthecannotdoit.WhenQuentinfindsthathissisterandfatherhavedisregardedthecodethatgivesorderandmeaningtohislife,heisdriventodespondencyandeventuallysuicideattheageofnineteen.Faulkneradmits：“IshmaelisthewitnessinMobyDickasIamQuentininTheSoundandtheFury”（Zender18，62）。JacksonBensonforcefullyarguesthatQuentinrepresentsanemotional“self-portrait”ofWilliamFaulkner。“Quentinappearstohavebeencreatedoutofmixedfeelings,andtherelationshipofFaulknertohiscentralcharacterseemstoinvolvebothdistanceandidentification,”Bensonwrites。EmilyGriersoninARoseforEmilyisanothertypicalexampleofsoutherndecadence。Asismentionedabove,EmilyisaproductofthesouthernsocietyandsheclingsdesperatelytotheSouthernhonorandpridethatarediminishing。Afterthedeathofherfather，Emilyisolatesherselffromthewiderworldwhichmovesandchangeswithtime.LikeQuentinCompson，Shealsobecomesavictimofheroldsociety。TheQuentinsandEmilysareledtotheirinexorableendbypassionscausedbyinheritance，traditions，andenvironment。3。3.2JasonCompsonJasonCompson，thethirdCompsonchild,isacruel，vengeful，bitter,enragedmiscreant.However，hegoeswiththetideand，toacertaindegree，heistheonlysurvivoroftheCompsonfamily.Jasondoesnotmournbutfeelsonlycontemptforhisfamilyandhispast。TheresentmentandrageofthepastandfamilymakeJasonbecomemean—spiritedandvicious。Jasonaccuseseveryonebuthimselfofhishardships,whereasheismoretrulytheauthorofhisownmisfortunethanofanythingelse。HeisinvariablycrueltoBenjy，rebelliousagainstCaddy,andtormentinghisniece。JasontreatsBenjycruellybecauseofBenjy’sidiocy。HehatesCaddyforhebelievesthatCaddy’spromiscuitydepriveshimofthejobbecauseHerbertwouldnotleftherifherdaughter，alsonamedQuentin,hasnotbeenborntooearly.Asaresult,heviewshisnieceQuentinasthesymbolandjointcauseofhispresentmiseryandactsouthisrevengeonCaddythroughher.Asisexpressedbyhismotto“onceabitchalwaysabitch"，heshowsnomercytoCaddyandlittleQuentin。HehidesCaddy’slettertoherdaughterinadrawer,Caddy’schecksfromhismother,andthedaughter’smoneyfromeveryone.Jasonisequallyvicioustoothers.HethreatenstostarveDilsey,heburnscircusticketsinfrontofLuster，andhebrutalizestheGibsonfamily。Jasonisa“counterpoint"tohisbrother，Quentin。FacedthesamesituationofthelostOldSouth,JasonreactsdifferentlyfromQuentinandturnsintoanextremeself-interestmaterialist.Hedespisesandgetsridofthebanalmoralcodebutacceptsacapitalisticcode，focusingonlyonmoney.Jasonhasnodesiretogrowinapositivespiritualorsocietalsense,onlytoprofit。UnlikeQuentin，whoisobsessedwiththepast,Jasonthinkssolelyaboutthepresentandtheimmediatefuture，offeringfewerflashbacks.JasonisaSouthofmaterialgreed.Tosumup，JasonCompsonisthepuresymbolofevil。FaulknerputsalmostallkindsofSouthernevilonJason.ThereasonwhyhisnovelisfullofSouthernevilishisdeeplovetowardtheSouth。Faulknerhopesthatthroughthedescriptionoftheevil,thevillains,suchasJasonCompsonfeelsoembarrassedthattheywillbedeterminedtoatoneforwhattheyhavedone.3。3.3CaddyCompsonistheonlydaughteroftheCompsonfamily.Sheissupposedtobea“Southernbelle”。Inherchildhood,sheisbeautiful，enthusiastic，loving,affectionate