高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：体重鸿沟

高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：体重鸿沟？——改编自TheobesitygapZeinab,a60-year-oldwomaninBaghdad,earns20,000dirhams($13.70)perdayworkinginarestaurantbutcannotafforddecentfoodforherfamily.Herdaughtersdroppedoutofschoolduetohighfeesandstayhometoavoidworkplaceharassment.TheMiddleEasthasthebiggestdisparitybetweenobesemen(11%)andwomen(15%)globally,witheightArabcountriesamongthe11highestfordeathsattributedtoobesityduetohealthissuessuchasheartdisease,diabetes,andhighbloodpressure.OnlyoneintenIraqiwomenhavepaidjobs,whilefeweropportunitiesexistforfemalestoenjoysportorexerciseoutsidetheirhomesandheadscarvesmakeoutdoorpublicexercisecumbersomeandliabletogender-basedharassment.Egyptfaresworse,withpoorwomengenerallyhavingahigherBMIthanwealthierones.Egyptalsohastheworld'shighestfemaleBMI,whichhasgrownmorequicklythanmaleBMIsince1975,whilejunkfoodhasbecomemorepopular.CarbohydratesarealsoasignificantproblemforIraqis,whoconsumericeandbreadatmostmeals,whilemanyArabmenpreferRubenesquebodytypesonwomenandvaluefemininityoverslimness.IraqisoftenciteEnasTaleb,anactresswithamplecurves,asthebeautyideal,andsomeIraqiwomenmayeventakeweight-gainingpillstobemoreattractivetomen.However,beingoverweightposesserioushealthrisksforbothmalesandfemales,particularlyheartdisease,diabetes,andhighbloodpressure,allprevalentconditionsintheregion.Despitethechallengesandobstaclestoexpandingemploymentandgenderequity,womenshouldstrivetolivehealthy,activelifestylestoimprovetheirownwell-being.【重点词汇】1.Zeinab[ziː'næb]n.人名2.woman['wʊmən]n.女人3.Baghdad[ˈbæɡdæd]n.巴格达（伊拉克首都）4.earn[ɜːn]v.赚取，挣得5.dirham['dɪrəm]n.迪拉姆（阿联酋等国家的货币单位）6.dollar['dɑːlə(r)]n.美元7.per[pɜː(r)]prep.每8.day[deɪ]n.天，白天9.work[wɜːk]v.工作10.restaurant['restərɒnt]n.餐馆11.decent['diːs(ə)nt]adj.正派的，体面的12.food[fuːd]n.食物13.family['fæm(ə)li]n.家庭，家人14.daughter['dɔːtə(r)]n.女儿15.dropout退学16.school[skuːl]n.学校17.dueto由于18.high[haɪ]adj.高的，高度的19.fee[fiː]n.费用20.stayhome待在家里21.avoid[ə'vɔɪd]v.避免22.workplace['wɜːkpleɪs]n.工作场所23.harassment[həˈræsmənt]n.骚扰24.MiddleEast中东25.biggest['bɪɡɪst]adj.最大的，最多的26.disparity[dɪ'spærəti]n.不同，差异27.obese[əʊ'biːs]adj.肥胖的28.globally['ɡləʊbəli]adv.全球地29.Arab['ærəb]adj.阿拉伯人的；n.阿拉伯人30.country['kʌntri]n.国家31.death[deθ]n.死亡32.attributeto归因于33.health[helθ]n.健康34.issue['ɪʃuː]n.问题，议题35.heartdisease心脏病36.diabetes[ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz]n.糖尿病37.highbloodpressure高血压38.paidjob有薪工作39.fewer['fjuːə(r)]adj.较少的40.opportunity[`ɑpərtjuː'nɪti]n.机会41.female['fiːmeɪl]adj.雌性的；n.女性42.enjoyv.享受，喜欢43.sport[spɔːt]n.运动44.exercise['eksəsaɪz]v./n.锻炼，运动45.outdoor['aʊtdɔː(r)]adj.户外的46.public['pʌblɪk]adj.公共的；n.公众47.cumbersome['kʌmbəs(ə)m]adj.笨重的，麻烦的48.liable['laɪəbl]adj.有责任的，易于...的49.gender-basedharassment基于性别的骚扰50.well-being['welbiŋ]n.幸福感，健康状态【阅读理解练习题】1.WhatisthebiggestdisparitybetweenmenandwomenintheMiddleEast?A.JobopportunitiesB.EducationlevelC.ObesityratesD.HealthissuesAnswer:C中文解析：中东地区男性和女性之间的最大差距是肥胖率。2.Whycan’tZeinabafforddecentfoodforherfamily?A.Shehastoomanychildren.B.Foodpricesaretoohigh.C.Herincomeistoolow.D.Shedoesn'thaveaccesstoagrocerystore.Answer:C中文解析：Zeinab在一家餐馆工作，每天赚20,000迪拉姆（约合13.70美元），但无法为家庭提供体面的食物。3.WhatisthemaincauseofdeathattributedtoobesityinArabcountries?A.HighbloodpressureB.HeartdiseaseC.DiabetesD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D中文解析：阿拉伯国家死亡率最高的原因是肥胖症所致的健康问题，如心脏疾病、糖尿病和高血压。4.HowdoheadscarvesimpactfemaleexerciseinArabcountries?A.Theymakeoutdoorpublicexercisemorecomfortable.B.Theymakeoutdoorpublicexercisecumbersome.C.Theyhavenoeffectonfemaleexercise.D.Theyimprovegender-basedharassment.Answer:B中文解析：头巾使女性在阿拉伯国家外面进行公共锻炼更加麻烦。5.WhatpercentageofIraqiwomenhavepaidjobs?A.10%B.20%C.35%D.50%Answer:A中文解析：只有10%的伊拉克女性有付费工作。6.WhydosomeIraqiwomentakeweight-gainingpills?A.ToimprovetheirhealthB.TobecomemoreattractivetomenC.TofittheculturalnormofslimnessD.NoneoftheaboveAnswer:B中文解析：一些伊拉克女性服用增重药以成为男人眼中更迷人的女性。7.Whathealthrisksdoesbeingoverweightpose?A.OnlyhighbloodpressureB.OnlyheartdiseaseC.OnlydiabetesD.Heartdisease,diabetes,andhighbloodpressureAnswer:D中文解析：超重会带来严重的健康风险，尤其是心脏疾病、糖尿病和高血压，这些都是该地区普遍存在的症状。8.Whatshouldwomenstriveforaccordingtothearticle?A.LivinginaccordancewithculturalbeautynormsB.ExpandingjobopportunitiesC.PursuingadvancededucationD.Livinghealthy,activelifestylesAnswer:D中文解析：尽管面临很多挑战和障碍，但女性应该努力过健康积极的生活方式以改善自身的福祉。【全文逐句对照翻译】Zeinab是巴格达一名60岁的妇女，她在一家餐馆工作，每天能挣2万迪拉姆(13.70美元)，但却买不起像样的食物。Zeinab,a60-year-oldwomaninBaghdad,earns20,000dirhams($13.70)perdayworkinginarestaurantbutcannotafforddecentfoodforherfamily.她的女儿们因为学费太高而辍学，待在家里以避免工作场所的骚扰。Herdaughtersdroppedoutofschoolduetohighfeesandstayhometoavoidworkplaceharassment.在全球范围内，中东地区的肥胖男性(11%)和女性(15%)之间的差距最大。在因心脏病、糖尿病和高血压等健康问题导致的肥胖死亡人数最多的11个国家中，有8个阿拉伯国家。TheMiddleEasthasthebiggestdisparitybetweenobesemen(11%)andwomen(15%)globally,witheightArabcountriesamongthe11highestfordeathsattributedtoobesityduetohealthissuessuchasheartdisease,diabetes,andhighbloodpressure.只有十分之一的伊拉克妇女有有偿工作，而妇女在家外享受运动或锻炼的机会更少，头巾使户外公共锻炼变得繁琐，容易受到基于性别的骚扰。OnlyoneintenIraqiwomenhavepaidjobs,whilefeweropportunitiesexistforfemalestoenjoysportorexerciseoutsidetheirhomesandheadscarvesmakeoutdoorpublicexercisecumbersomeandliabletogender-basedharassment.埃及的情况更糟，贫穷妇女的身体质量指数普遍高于富裕妇女。Egyptfaresworse,withpoorwomengenerallyhavingahigherBMIthanwealthierones.埃及也是世界上女性体重指数最高的国家，自1975年以来，女性体重指数的增长速度就超过了男性，而垃圾食品也越来越受欢迎。Egyptalsohastheworld'shighestfemaleBMI,whichhasgrownmorequicklythanmaleBMIsince1975,whilejunkfoodhasbecomemorepopular.碳水化合物对伊拉克人来说也是个大问题，他们每天的主食是米饭和面包，而许多阿拉伯男人更喜欢鲁本斯式的身材，看重女性气质而不是苗条。CarbohydratesarealsoasignificantproblemforIraqis,whoconsumericeandbreadatmostmeals,whilemanyArabmenpreferRubenesquebodytypesonwomenandvaluefemininit