环境生态学(双语)知到章节答案智慧树2023年青岛科技大学、长江大学_第1页
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环境生态学(双语)知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新青岛科技大学、长江大学任务一测试

Traditionalecologyincludes().

参考答案:

Population

;Community

;Ecosystem

;Organism

Experimentshavesomeelementsincommon,including().

参考答案:

Randomization

;TreatmentGroups

;Alltheabove

;ControlGroups

Thestudyofenvironmentinfluenceontheevolutionoforganisms.Naturalselection,evolutionofpopulationsis().

参考答案:

EvolutionEcology

Thestudyofhowgroupsofindividuals(belongingtothesamespecies)grow(orshrink)andreproduce.Dependingonthenatureofthespecies,manyfactors(foodavailability,competition,predationetc.)mayaffectpopulationgrowthis().

参考答案:

Populationecology

AecosystemconsistsoftwobasicinteractingcomponentsofBioticandAbiotic.()

参考答案:

任务二测试

Inahydrologiccycle,thereareprocessosof().

参考答案:

Infiltration

;Precipitation

;Interception

;Groundwaterrecharge

Whatfactorsdeterminethepopulationgrowth?()

参考答案:

emigrationrate

;immigrationrate

;birthrate

;deathrate

Freshwaterishyperosmotic.()

参考答案:

Saltwaterishypoosmotic.()

参考答案:

whenasystemdeviatesfromthenormalordesiredstate,mechanismsfunctiontorestorethesystembacktothatstate,itiscallednegativefeedback.()

参考答案:

任务三测试

Assumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyear.Thismodelis().

参考答案:

geometricgrowthmodel

Theproportionsofeachindividualineachageclassisagestructure.()

参考答案:

Thepurposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation.Canalsobeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.()

参考答案:

IntrinsicrateofincreasecanNOTbeestimatedfromthelifetable.()

参考答案:

Birthrateandsurvivorshipdeterminenetreproductiverate.()

参考答案:

ThenumberofindividualsofapopulationtheenvironmentcansupportisCarryingcapacity.()

参考答案:

任务四测试

InteractionsbenefitbothspeciesisMutualism.()

参考答案:

Benefitone,butdonoharmonanotheriscommensalism.()

参考答案:

Arelationshipoftwoorganismslivingtogether(symbiosis)andonederivesitsnourishmentattheexpenseoftheotheriscalledParasitism.()

参考答案:

Twoconsumerssharethesameresource,eachreducestheavailabilityofresourcesoftheother.Itiscalledcompetition.()

参考答案:

Dynamicsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsreflectmutualevolutionaryresponses.()

参考答案:

任务五测试

PopulationsarelimitedbythesingleresourcethatismostscarcerelativetodemandiscalledLiebig'slawofminimum.()

参考答案:

ThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodeliscalledLokta-VolterraModel.()

参考答案:

SpaceisNon-renewableresource.()

参考答案:

Lokta-VolterraModelisderivedfromlogisticgrowthequationandaddinfluenceofanotherspecies(acompetitioncomponent.()

参考答案:

Interspecificcompetitionreducestheequilibriumlevelofapopulationbelowthecarryingcapacity.()

参考答案:

Thetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodel(Lokta-VolterraModel).()

参考答案:

Unstablesituation,bothinhibitinadensitydependentmanner.Dependingoninitialdensity,eithercanmakeotherextinct,competitioncangoeitherway.()

参考答案:

Eachspeciesinhibitsitsownpopulationgrowthmorethancompetitor.Neithercaneliminatecompetitor,itiscoexistence.()

参考答案:

AsymmetriccompetitioncanNOToccurwhendifferentfactorslimitthepopulationsofcompetitors.()

参考答案:

Thereare()possibleoutcomesofinterspecificcompetition.()

参考答案:

four

任务六测试

Manypredatorandpreypopulationsincreaseanddecreaseinregularcycles.()

参考答案:

Lotka-VolterramodelcanNOTbestabilizedbypredatorsatiation.()

参考答案:

Consumer-ResourcesystemcanhaveONLYonestablestate.()

参考答案:

FactorscanINCREASEoscillationofpredator-preymodels.()

参考答案:

Thereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime.()

参考答案:

Asurprisingpredictionofthepradationmodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.()

参考答案:

Anincreaseinthebirthrateofpreyincreasesthepredatorpopulation,butnothepreypopulation.()

参考答案:

Consumer-Resourcesystemcanhavetwoormorestablestates.()

参考答案:

Pathogen-hostdynamicscanbedescribedbyS-I-Rmodel.()

参考答案:

Thechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,itiscalledjointpopulationtrajectory.()

参考答案:

任务七测试

Agroupofspeciesthatcoexistinaspaceandtimeandinteractwithoneanotherdirectlyorindirectlyiscalledcommunity.()

参考答案:

PlaceswheremanyspeciesreachtheedgesoftheirdistributionsiscalledEcotons.()

参考答案:

Theindirecteffectsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsextendthroughadditionaltrophiclevelsofacommunityiscalledTrophiccascade.()

参考答案:

Aspeciesthathasadisproportionate不成比例impactonthecommunityrelativetoitsabundanceiscalledKeystonespecies.()

参考答案:

Relativeabundancemeanscountingallindividualsofeachspeciesinanumberofsampleplotswithinacommunityanddeterminingwhatpercentageeachcontributestothetotalnumberofindividualofallspecies.()

参考答案:

Speciesrichnessmeansnumberofspecieswithinthecommunity.()

参考答案:

Energyflowwebmeansconnectionsbetweenspeciesarequantifiedbythefluxofenergybetweenaresourceanditsconsumer.()

参考答案:

Functionalwebmeansinfluenceonthegrowthrateofotherspeciespopulation.()

参考答案:

Connectednesswebemphasizefeedingrelationshipsamongspecies,portrayed描绘aslinksinfoodweb.()

参考答案:

任务八测试

Theprocessofgradualand(seemingly)directionalchangeinthestructuralofthecommunitythroughtimeiscalledSuccession.()

参考答案:

Primarysuccessionoccursonnewlyexposedsubstrates.()

参考答案:

Monoclimaxhypothesisviewcommunityasahighlyintegratedsuperorganism,theprocessofsuccessionrepresentsgradualandprogressivedevelopmentofcommunitytoultimateorclimaxstage.()

参考答案:

Successionbecomesself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax.()

参考答案:

Successionisaseriesofchangesleadingtoastableclimax,whosecharacterisdeterminedbylocalenvironment.Onceestablished,abeech-mapleforestperpetuatesitself,anditsgeneralappearancechangeslittledespiteconstantreplacementofindividualswithinthecommunity.()

参考答案:

任务九测试

Bioticcommunityandabioticenvironmentfunctioningasasystem.Includesorganism-complexandwholecomplexofphysicalfactorsiscalledecosystem.()

参考答案:

Ratioofcarbonfixed(photosynthesis)perunitofwaterlost(transpiration)iscalledWaterUseEfficiency.()

参考答案:

Theratioofdrymatterproductiontotheassimilationofaparticularnutrientelement,usuallyexpressedasgramspergramiscalledNutrientuseefficiency(NUE).()

参考答案:

Standingcropbiomassisamountofaccumulatedorganicma

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