高中英语牛津译林版（2020）中国文化+素材

中国文化素材集锦---牛津译林版【必修1】Unit1BacktoSchoolStudywithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutstudyendsinpuzzlement.-ConfuciusProject[P13]ChineseCalligraphyChineseCalligraphyisoneofthemanyoptionalcoursesofferedtostudentswhoareinterestedintraditionalart.Thiscoursehasbeenverypopularsinceitstartedtwoyearsago.EveryFridayafternoon,aboutfortystudentsmeetintheArt.Roomandenjoythistraditionalartform.From13:00to14:00studentslearnaboutthebasicsofChinesecalligraphyfromtheirteacher.From14:00to15:0theypractisewritingcalligraphy.Attheendofeachterm,studentsputonacalligraphyshow,attractingmorestudentstoChinesecalligraphy.FurtherStudy：FrontoftheClass《叫我第一名》Unit3GettingalongwithothersThegloryoffriendshipisnottheoutstretchedhandnorthekindlysmile,northejoyofcompanionship;itisthespiritualinspirationthatcomestoonewhenhediscoversthatsomeoneelsebelievesinhimandiswillingtotrusthim.-RalphWaldoEmersProject[P41]LiBaiandDuFu,twoofthegreatestpoetsinChinesehistory,formedalastingfriendship.Storiesoftheirfriendshiphavecomedowntothisveryday.Thetwopoetsfirstmetintheyear744,whenLiBaialreadyawell-knownpoet,was43yearsofageandDuFuwas32.Theyadmiredeachotherandquicklybecamefriends.Thoughthetwopoetsmetonlyacoupleoftimesduringtheirlives,theirsharedloveofpoemskeptthemclosetogether.Theywrotemanypoemstoandabouteachother.InonepoemDuFuwrote:Whencanweagainholdacupofwine,Andchataboutpoem-writinglinebyline?(From"MissingLiBaionaSpringDay)TherelationshipbetweenLiBaiandDuFushowsthatsharedinterestsformthebasisoftruefriendship,whichtiesonehearttotheothernomatterhowfarawaytheyarefromeachother.FurtherStudy：Heidi《海蒂》TheSisterhoodoftheTravelingPants《牛仔裤的夏天》【必修2】Unit2BeSporty,behealthyAsoundmindstartsfromasoundbody.Howcanaweakbodydevelopasoundmind?-CaiYuanpeiExtendedReading[P25]Findingabalance:mytaichiexperienceWhenmyfriendfirstsuggestedthatwejointhenewTaiChiClubatschool,Ihesitated.Ialwaysbelievedtaichiwasforoldpeople.Afterthefirstclass,howeverIhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenwrongabouttaichi.Itwasamazing!Oneyearlater,Icanhonestlysayithashadahugeeffectonmephysicallyandmentally.Justasimportantly,practisingtaichihasinspiredmetoexploretheChineseculturebehindit.hesitate≈waver≈vacillateadmit≈acknowledge≈allow≈haveahugeeffectonphysicallyandmentallyinspire≈stimulate≈encourage≈exciteexplore≈track≈hunt≈seekThefirstfewtaichiclasseswerefunandeasyandthemovesreallycaughtmyimagination,withdescriptivenameslikewhitecranespreadingitswingsand“goldenroosterstandingononeleg".WhenIaskedmycoachwheretheseinterestingnamescamefrom,hetoldmeaboutthehistoryoftaichi.ZhangSanfeng,a13th-centuryTaoist,wassaidtohaveinventedtaichiafterdrawinginspirationfromafightbetweenasnakeandabird.However,nowadayspeopletendtobelievethatChenWangting,a17th-centurymasterofChinesemartialarts,developedtaichibasedonmartialartsskills.Nowondersometaichimovesarenamedafteranimals—Chinesemartialartshavealong-standingpracticeofimitatinganimals.ChenWangting’soriginalsetofmovesiscalledChen-styletaichi,butotherstylesoftaichihavesincebeendevelopedincludingYang-style,Wu-styleandSun-style.catchmyimagination让我兴趣满满descriptivename形象的招式名称goldenroosterstandingononeleg金鸡独立drawinspirationfrom汲取灵感bebasedon基于martialartsskills武术技巧nowonder难怪benamedafter以...命名along-standingpracticeofimitatinganimals模仿动物的做法由来已久original≈primary≈freehand≈freshAfterlearningthebasicsoftaichiinthosefirstfew20classes,Ifoundmyselfboredandachingfromdoingthesamemovesoverandoveragain.Luckily,mycoachtaughtmehowtorelaxmymusclesandfocusonpeaceofmindwhileperformingtheroutine.Withtheserequirementsoftaichiinmind,Ifoundtomysatisfactionthatmybalanceandflexibilityslowlyimproved,thatIwasabletodomoredifficultmoves,andthatmylovefortaichireturnedstrongerthanever.Intime,IbegantolookintotheancientChineseculturebehindtaichi.IdiscoveredthattaichiisdeeplyrootedintheChinesephilosophyofyinandyangwhicharebelievedtoformtheunityofopposites.Neithercanexistindependentoftheother;forexample,thereisnoshadowwithoutlight.Thepracticeoftaichiaimstomaintainthebalanceofyinandyanginthebodythroughoppositemovements:forwardsandbackwards,upanddown,leftandright,breathinginandbreathingout.Eventually,taichibringsaboutastateofphysicalbalanceandmentalpeace.Ayearofpractisingtaichihashadapositiveeffectonmyeverydaylife.Isleepbetteratnight,andIammoreenergeticduringtheday.Ifeelhappierandmoreconfident.Taichihastaughtmetorelaxmymind,enablingmetostaycoolinstressfulsituations.IamsureIwillcontinuetopractisetaichiandenjoythebenefitsithasbroughtme.focuson≈concentrateon≈homeinonrequirements≈condition≈obligation≈necessitylookinto≈gointo≈investigatebedeeplyrootedin深深扎根于theunityofopposites对立统一thereisnoshadowwithoutlight没有光就不会有影子maintain≈uphold≈preserve≈keephadapositiveeffecton有积极的影响energetic≈active≈livelyenablemetostaycoolinstressfulsituation使我在有压力的环境下也能保持冷静FurtherStudy：”TheBrain-changingBenefitsofExercise”---Videotalk,McFarland《麦克法兰》Unit3FestivalandcustomsCustomstellamanwhoheis,wherehebelongs,whathemustdo.-RobertA.HeinleinIntegratedskills[P36]ImportanceofpromotingtraditionalChinesefestivalsinmodernsocietyTheDoubleNinthFestival(theChongyangFestival）,whichhasahistoryofover2,000years,fallsontheninthdayoftheninthmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Accordingtotradition,weshouldcelebratethefestivalbygoingmountainclimbing,buthowmanypeopletodaystillobservethistradition?Inmodernsociety,manytraditionalChinesefestivalsarebecominglessandlesspopular.However,theyareanimportantpartofChinesecultureandwemustprotectandmaintainthem.Traditionalfestivalsteachusalotaboutournation'shistory.TheDragonBoatFestival,forexample,iscelebratedinhonourofQuYuan,agreatpoetlivingintheWarringStatesperiodofancientChina.BycelebratingtheDragonBoatFestivalwithricedumplingsanddragonboatracesthestoryofQuYuanispasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.PromotingtraditionalfestivalshelpsspreadknowledgeaboutournationalhistoryMoreover,traditionalfestivalsenableustolearnmoreaboutfineChinesevalues.Manyfestivals,suchastheMid-AutumnFestivalhaveacaring,familycentredmessageattheirheart.Thefullmoononthefestivalisconsideredtostandforfamilytogethernessandfamilymemberswillcomebackhomeeveniftheyliveveryfaraway.Withthecelebrationsofthesefestivals,youngergenerationslearntohonourfineChinesevaluesFinally,traditionalfestivalsareasourceofnationalprideandhelpshapeournationalidentity.Forexample,wecelebratetheHanshiFestivalandtheLabaFestivalwithuniquecustoms,andthesesharedexperiencesbringustogetherasapeople.TraditionalfestivalstelluswhoweareandfilluswithprideinbeingChinese.Traditionalfestivalshavebeenpasseddowntousfrompreviousgenerations.Iisthedutyofeveryoneofustoprotectthemforgenerationstocome.Extendedreading[P39]ApreciousfamilydinnerItisjustpastfiveo'clockontheChineseNewYear'sEve,andthedinnertableisalreadycoveredwithwhitechinaplatesandbowls,fullofallsortsofdishes:chicken,duck,pork,fishandvegetables.LuoYan,29,liftsthecoverofalargebowltobreatheintherichsmellofthesouphiswifeandmotherhaveprepared.LuoYan'sson,Bofeng,happilytakesabiteofthechickenhisgrandfatherhasselectedforhim.breathein嗅着takesabiteof咬了一口Six-year-oldBofenghasnotseenhisgrandparentsforalmostayearandheisfullofjoyandexcitement.Indeed,thewholefamilycouldnotbehappiertobetogether.Despitethecoldoutside,theirhappyfacesfilltheairwithwarmthwhilemerrylaughterringsthroughoutthehouse.LuoYanandhiswifeandsonhavesettledinthebigcity,farawayfromtheirhometown.Everyyear,theytravelbackfortheSpringFestival,fortheirdreamof“threegenerationsunderthesameroof".Befullofjoyandexcitement.满心喜悦和激动Despitethecoldoutside,theirhappyfacesfilltheairwithwarmthwhilemerrylaughterringsthroughoutthehouse.虽然外面天寒地冻，他们幸福的脸庞却让屋内空气暖洋洋的。“threegenerationsunderthesameroof".三代同堂TheLuofamily'sjourneybacktotheirhometownwasalongandtiringonejustafewyearsago.However,thehigh-speedtrainhasmadeitmuchmoreconvenientforthemtogobackhome.Duringthefive-hourtrip,theychattedexcitedlywitheachother,theirmindsfullofthoughtsabouttheirsweethome.thehigh-speedtrain高铁Duringthefive-hourtrip,theychattedexcitedlywitheachother,theirmindsfullofthoughtsabouttheirsweethome.五个小时的旅程，三人兴高采烈地聊着天，心里想的全是甜蜜的家。Ontheirarrival,theyfindLuo’sparentseagerlywaitingforthem.Theirhomehasbeenspeciallydecoratedforthejoyousoccasion.Fromtheneatdesignsofthepapercuttingsonthewindows,totheSpringFestivalcoupletsonthedoorandtotheNewYearpaintingsonthewall,everythingrepresentsjoy,luckandhappiness.Eventhefishontheplateexpressesahopeforniannianyouyu—yumeansboth”fish”and“plenty"inChinese”Mayyougetmorethanyouwishforeveryyear".Ontheirarrival他们一到eagerly≈keenly≈excitedly≈enthusiasticallythejoyousoccasion喜庆的场合theSpringFestivalcouplets春联thefishontheplateexpressesahopeforniannianyouyu—yumeansboth”fish”and“plenty"inChinese”Mayyougetmorethanyouwishforeveryyear".连盘中的那条鱼也表达着对年年有鱼的期盼，在汉语中“鱼”和“余”谐音，祝愿每年的收获都多于期盼。Afterdinner,thehoursuntilmidnightgoslowlyby.ThewholefamilyaregoingtostayuplateontheChineseNewYear'sEve.TheygatheraroundthetelevisiontowatchtheSpringFestivalGala,whileeatingsnacks,chattingwitheachotherandmakingdumplingsthattheywilleatattheverystartofthenewyear.Inthewarmthandcomfortoftheroom,LuoYantalksabouthisplanforthefuture.”Ihopewewon’thavetobeseparatedagain,"hesays,lookingathisageingparents.”Myparentsaregettingold,andweshouldspendmoretimewiththem.We'llcomebackmorefrequentlyandwe'realsoconsideringtakingthemtothecitytolivewithus.Afterall,homeiswhereallfamilymembersaretogether."theSpringFestivalGala春节联欢晚会hisageingparents他年迈的父母frequently≈regularly≈oftenAsmidnightapproaches,LuoYantakeshisparents,wifeandsonoutsidetosetofffirecrackers.Thewholevillageislitupwithcolourfulfireworks.Alloverthecountry,peoplearecelebratingtheirgoodfortune,celebratingtheirfamily'stogetherness,andcelebratingtheirnation'sstrength.setofffirecrackers燃放烟花Belitup被点亮Alloverthecountry,peoplearecelebratingtheirgoodfortune,celebratingtheirfamily'stogetherness,andcelebratingtheirnation'sstrength.举国上下，人们都在祝福自己好运气，庆祝合家团聚，庆祝祖国富强。Project[P41]TheLanternFestivalDate:OnthefifteenthdayofthefirstmonthintheChineselunarcalendarActivities:Carryorhanguppaperlanterns,andsolveriddleswrittenonthem;Eatriceballs(alsoknownasyuanxiao);Enjoyafamilyget-together.AttheLanternFestivalByOuyangXiuLastyearontheLanternFestivalnightThecolourfullanternsshoneasdaylight.Ontopofthewillowsthemooncrept,Withmylover,theeveningdateIkeptThisyearagaintheLanternFestivalnight,Themoon’sashigh;thelanternsasbright.ButIseenotmyloverlastyearmet,Tearsfall,andmakemysleeveswet.(TranslatedbyGuDanke)FurtherStudy：AChristmasMemory《圣诞忆旧集》ChineseNewYear：TheBiggestCelebrationonEarth《中国新年》Unit4ExploringLiteratureGreatliteratureissimplylanguagechargedwithmeaningtotheutmostpossibledegree.-EzraPoundIntegratedskills[P50]RomanceofThreeKingdoms《三国演义》TheBookofSongs《诗经》Teahouse《茶馆》Project[P55]AllMenArebrothers《水浒传》FurtherStudy：TheNobelPrize,WilliamShakespeare【必修3】Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldThescientistismotivatedprimarilybycuriosityandadesirefortruth.-IrvingLangmuirReading[P44]Reading:Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrizeByDinaConner11December2015TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrizeawardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.得益于她发现青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大的提高。Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.AftergraduationsheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiringabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.acquireabroadknowledge获得了广泛的知识Tu'seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful.Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalariaandin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.Shecollectedover2,000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults,TureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.On4October1971after190failuresshesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.Beintendedto想要做extract≈extort≈removeredesign≈leave≈quitHowever,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.Tuandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment,theyhadtoextractherbsusinghouseholdwatercontainers.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions,buttheynevergaveup.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.Tospeeduptheprocessandensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.由于没有足够安全的数据，对患者的实验可能会推迟。speedup加速TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff.InNovember1972,throughtrialanderror,theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu-themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery,TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.InherNobelLecture,sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists,drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicine,willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.throughtrialanderror反复实验FurtherStudy：TheNobelPrize【选择性必修1】Unit1FoodmattersFoodisasfundamentaltomanasthepeoplearetothestate.-ChenShouIntegratedskills[P9]Mooncakes:atastethatisoutofthisworld!ByJakeZhaoOfallthefoodsIhaveevertried,themooncakeismyfavourite.TherearemanyversionsofmooncakesfromdifferentplacesaroundChina.TheyhaveavarietyoffillingsandamongthemIlovethesweetredbeanfillingbest.IremembertryingmyfirstmooncakewithmyfamilywhenIwasverylittle.Wesatoutsideinmygrandparentsyardwhilethefullmoonshoneaboveus.Itwasaveryspecialmoment.Myelderlygrandmotherstillbakesmooncakesforthewholefamilyeveryyear.Shecanturntheflourandredbeansintowonderfulmooncakeslikemagic.Whensheplacesthemonthetable,theylookadorable-small,roundandshinygolden-brown.Thedelicioussmellsoonreachesmynoseandmymouthstartstowater.WhenIpickupamooncake,itfeelswarmandheavyinmyhand.AsItakeeachbite,thesweetandmildflavouroftheredbeanfillingslowlyfillsmymouth.Themooncakeisalwaysmyfavouritebecauseofitssatisfyingtastethatisoutofthisworldandthehappymemoriesitbringstomind.ExtendedReading[P11]EatinginChina7March,SichuanhotpotThemouth-wateringhotpotsofSichuanareasfamousoverseasastheyareinChina,andthehotflavourisenoughtoheatupacoldmidwintereveningortoletlooseriversofsweatonasummerafternoon.Igaveitmyfirsttrylastnight,togetherwithafewlocalfriends.AsthesoupbubbledslowlyoveragasburnerinthemiddleofthetableitssurfacewascoveredwithabeautifullayerofchilliesSichuanpeppers,springonionsandredoil.Slowlyatfirst,andthenfasterandfaster,wetippedplatesoffreshmeat,fishandvegetablesintothepot.Thehotflavourquickenedourlaughterandconversation,makingthemealtheperfectwaytorelaxwithfriends.mouth-watering≈delicious≈tastyheatup≈warmuplooseadj.≈notfirmlyfixed/notexactlyaccurate/notstrictlyorganizedv.≈tountie/firemyfirsttry我第一次尝试bubblev.≈boil≈fizzquickenv.≈accelerate≈speedup≈hastenTipv.≈fall≈hit≈dump≈pourSichuanhotpotsareperfectforthedamp,foggyclimateinwhichtheywereinvented.TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.Inthebeginning,thedeliciousdishwasmadesimplybyboilingvegetables,chiliesandSichuanpeppersinwater.Overtime,ithasexpandedtoincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.WhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.IinstantlybecameabigfanofSichuanhotpotsandI'llsoonbebackformore!damp,foggyclimate潮湿多雾的气候startoff≈setoff≈kickoff≈takeoffexpand≈swell≈enlarge≈multiplyappealto≈attract/fascinate/pleadWhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.我喜欢四川火锅的一点在于，它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭可以吃上好几个小时。instantlyadv.≈promptly≈rapidly≈immediately12August,NanjingsaltedduckSaltedduckisNanjing'smostfamousfoodexport.Servedplaininthin,whiteslices,themeatisjuicyandsalty.EachNanjingsaltedducktakesseveraldaystoprepare,andtheprocessincludessalting,drying,boiling25andcooling.AsIfinishedmyfirsthelpingonarecentafternooninNanjing,myhost,ChefZhang,toldmealittlemoreaboutthedish.ThecountrysidearoundNanjinghasbeenfamousforitsducksforcenturies;itscountlesswaterwaysmaketheareaperfectforraisingwaterbirds.AlocalhistorybookfromthelateQingDynastypraisedsaltedduckinparticular,sayingitwaswithoutequal.Traditionally,duckisconsideredtohavecoolingproperties,soitisappropriateforthehotsummermonths.NowadayspeopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!ItdefinitelyhitthespotwhenItrieditandithasbecomeoneofmypersonalfavourites.saltedduckn.盐水鸭plainadj.≈simple≈clear≈bluntjuicyandsalty多汁带咸saltv.腌制countlesswaterways水网密布withoutequalcoolingproperties凉性appropriate≈fitting≈proper≈suitable≈applicableestimate≈assess≈reckon≈valuedefinitely≈certainly≈absolutely≈undeniablyhitthespot:tobeexactlywhatyouwantorneed8December,CantonesedimsumInGuangzhou,morningteaissuchanessentialpartofthedailyroutinethat“Haveyouhadyourtea?"hasbecomethelocalversionof“Goodmorning."ThoughteahouseshavebeencommoninChinasincetheTangDynasty,theCantoneseinnovationofthemid-19thcenturywastoserveteatogetherwithavarietyoflightdishes,ordimsum.Theconcepttookoff,andtodayGuangzhou'srestaurantsstimulatecustomers'appetitewithoverathousandofferings,eachmoredelicateanddeliciousthanthelast.TheCantonesedonothurryovertheirbreakfasts,asIfoundwhenIvisitedarestaurantinGuangzhou'soldcitycentrethismorning.Theemphasisisratheronconversationaboutbusiness,familyorpleasureandlocalscanspendhourstogetherchatting,drinkingteaandworkingtheirwaythroughthemenu.Frombeefballstoricenoodlerolls.therearevariousdishesthathavebeenbaked,boiledsteamedorfried.Asinglevisitisnotenoughtoappreciateeverything,andIhavealonglistofdimsumIstillneedtotry.morningtea早茶essentialpart重要部分dailyroutine日常生活ThoughteahouseshavebeencommoninChinasincetheTangDynasty,theCantoneseinnovationofthemid-19thcenturywastoserveteatogetherwithavarietyoflightdishes,ordimsum.虽然茶馆在唐代开始司空见惯了，但是广东人的创新在于把茶佐以各种小菜和点心。takeoff：tobeginsuddenlytobeverysuccessfulstimulatecustomer’sappetite刺激食客的食欲offering此处指点心delicateanddelicious精致可口emphasis≈stress≈importancerather≈pretty≈fairly≈adequatelyvariousdishes各种菜式asinglevisit来一次FurtherStudy：Ratatouille《美食总动员》WhathappensinyourBrainWhenYouTasteFood---avideotalkUnit2TheuniversallanguageMusicistheutmostpleasureinlife;musicistheclearspringoflife;musicisthefurnaceoftemperamentalrefinement.-XianXinghaiGrammarUsage[P20]GrammarUsageInChina'sSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiodstherelivedamannamedBoya,whowasamasteroftheqin.Playingtheqinwashislife.Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.However,BoyabelievednoonecouldunderstandhismusicuntilhemetZhongZiqi.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,yetZhongZiqiwasabletopaintapictureofgreatmountainrangesinhismind.WhenBoacontinuedplaying,ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.Infact,BoyahadintendedtocallthepieceHighMountainsandFlowingWater.HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZigi.Thetwosoonbecamegreatfriendsandbeforegoingtheirseparateways,theyagreedtomeetattheMid-AutumnFestivalthenextyear.However,ZhongZiqifailedtoshowuponthatday.WhenBoyalearntaboutZhongZiqisdeath,hewasovercomewithsorrow.HeplayedHighMountainsandFlowingWaterinfrontofZhongZiqi'sgrave.Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,hedestroyedtheqinandsaid“Sincetheonlypersonthatunderstandsmymusicisgone,it'snousekeepingtheqin."SpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods春秋战国时期thoughthighlyof评价很高apictureofgreatmountainranges一幅绵延山峰的画卷thesoundofariverflowingquickly河水滚滚声gettiredof≈bewearyof≈befedupwithshowup≈turnup≈comeintolight≈emergeFurtherStudy：TheSoundofMusic《音乐之声》ViedeBeethoven《贝多芬传》Unit3TheartofpaintingPaintingissilentpoetry,andpoetryispaintingthatspeaks.-SimonidesofCeosExtendedReading[P39]MingingScrollZhangZeduan’sQingmingScrollisamasterworkofChineseart.Paintedonafive-metre-longsilkscroll,itoffersanimportantinsightintolifeinChinainthe12thcentury.ItiscommonlybelievedthatthecitydescribedinthepaintingisBianjing(present-dayKaifeng,thecapitaloftheNorthernSongDynasty.TheancientscrollhassurvivedthetestoftimeremarkablywellandiscurrentlyhousedinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.animportantinsight一个重要的视角tiscommonlybelievedthatthecitydescribedinthepaintingisBianjing(present-dayKaifeng,thecapitaloftheNorthernSongDynasty.人们一致认为这幅画描述的城市是汴梁也就是开封，古代宋朝的的都城。Thescrollconsistsofthreemainsections.ThefirstsectionpresentsapeacefulsceneofrurallifenearBianjing,featuringcropfields,ariverwindingthroughthelandscape,andfarmershardatwork.ThesecondsectionshowstheriverbanksandthecentralbridgealivewithactivityasboatssailinandoutofBianjing.Civilianscanalsobeseenwalkingthroughthecitygateinbothdirections.Thethirdandfinalsectionpictureslifeinsidethecityitself.Herehundredsofpeoplefromallwalksoflife,includingbutchers,hairdressersandgovernmentofficialscanbeseengoingabouttheirdailybusiness.ThecombinationofthesethreesectionsgivesthevieweranideaofwhatlifewaslikeforthepeopleofBianjing.ariverwindingthroughthelandscape河流蜿蜒穿越山川绿地allwalksoflife各行各业的人Zhang’samazingartistictechniqueisapparentallacrossthescroll.Usinginkonsilk,hecreatesrealisticimagesofscenerybuildingsandpeopleanddisplaysaremarkablemasteryofperspective.Themostimpressiveaspectofthepaintinghowever,isprobablyZhang’sprecisebrushwork.Thiswell-developedabilityaswellasthescroll’sambitioussize,allowsZhangtoshowanenormousamountofdetail—youcouldstudythepaintingforhoursandstilldiscoversomethingnew.apparent≈obvious≈evidentaremarkablemasteryofperspective远景的精湛运用precise≈exact≈accurate≈rightanenormousamountofdetail无数的细节ThankstoallthisfinedetailtheQingmingScrollprovidesacomprehensivelookatlifeduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Itrevealsagreatdealaboutthe12th-centuryChinesecustomsclothingtransportationmethodsbusinesspractices,andawiderangeofbuildings,suchastemples,teahousesandgovernmentstructures.Atfirstsight,theoverallsceneoflifeinthecapitalcityappearspeacefulandcheerful.However,somecriticssuggestthatoncloserinspectionthepaintingactuallyexposesseriouspoliticalandsocialproblems.Someboatscarryingfooddonotseemtobelongtothegovernment,whichsuggeststhatthegovernmenthaslostcontroloffoodsuppliesandtransportation.Alsointhepaintingaresoldierswhoappeartoignoretheirduties.Therearesomelessobviousindicatorsoftroubletoo.Forexample,inthecentreofthescrollaboatisindangerofcrashingintothebridge.Thesesortsofdetailspointtoacrisisdevelopinginthecity.Infact,theNorthernSongDynastywasindeclinebythisstage.Abouttwentyyearsafterthep