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2022年江西省九江市公共英语五级(笔试)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.HowlongdidthejourneytakefromEnglandtoIndiaintheolddays?
2.AlldirectorsontheBoardarefull-timeemployeesinthecompany.
A.RightB.Wrong
3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewomaninthedialogue?
A.Reporterandfashiondesigner.
B.Husbandandwife.
C.Shopassistantandcustomer.
D.Teacherandstudent.
4.Inwhichrespectdoesthestudents'organizationsseemtobeeffective?
A.Dealingwithacademicaffairsoftheuniversity.
B.Ensuringthatthestudentsobserveuniversityregulations.
C.Evaluatingstudents'performanceintheirstudy.
D.Keepingupthestudents'enthusiasmforsocialactivities.
5.PartC
Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.
Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.
听力原文:Imagineyouareahighschoolprincipal.Ateacherburstsbreathlesslyin-toyouroffice."There'safistfightinthedining-room,"shegasps.Theresponsibilityisyourstostopthefight.Howdoyoumeetit?
(1)Perhapsyou,asayoungster,tookpartinfightsandyourpresent-daytieswithstudentsarewarmandstrong.Youcanstopthefightbecauseyourprestigeishighamongthem.
(2)Youhaveaplanprepared.Otherschoolshavebeendisruptedsoyouhavealreadyplannedawaytostopanyfight.
(3)Youaretotallyconfidentofyourabilityinacrisis.Youarereadytostrideintothelunchroomandtakechargewithoutasinglequalm.Stoppingthefightwillbeeasy.
(4)Youferventlywishthatyoucoulddelegatethejobsinceyouknowthatyou'renotatalentedpeacemaker.Youwishyoucouldreturntothejobofplanningfortheschool'sneedtenyearshence.
Oneofthesefourreactionswouldbethefirstyou'dfeel,butonlyone—nottwoorthreeofthem,saythreepsychologists.Thesepsychologists—Dr.HarrietMann,Dr.HumphreyOsmondandMiriamSiegler—havecomeupwithaschemeforsortingpeopleregardlessoftheireducation,ageorsituation.
Theconceptisbasedonthepremisethatallpeoplehaveabasicwayofseeingtime.Eachofusispredisposedtoseealleventsfromtimevantagepoint.Eitheritremindsyouofthepast(past-oriented),howtheeventfitsintotoday,yesterday,andtomorrow(timeline),whatitistoday(present),orhowitwilldevelop(future).
Thethreebeganworkingin1968whenDr.MannandMrs.SieglerwereassistantstoDr.Osmond,director,attheBureauofResearch,NewJerseyNeuro-PsychiatricInstituteinPrinceton.Dr.OsmondiscurrentlydevisingwaystomakeempiricalstudiesofthetheoryandDr.MannisinCambridge,Massachusetts,writingabookontheWorldsofTime.Theirtake-offpointwasaninterestinobservationsmadebySwisspsychologistCarlGustavJung,whodescribedinthe1920sthetemperamentaldifferencesoffourpsychologicaltypes.Jungisknownasthefounderofanalyticpsychology.SinceJung'sworkin1921.however,noonehadconceivedofatheoreticalframeworkthatwouldaccountforthefourtypes.Withoutsuchaframework,therewasnopossibilityofsubstantiatingthatpeopleofdifferenttypesexperiencetheworldverydifferently.
Timeandspacearethetouchstonesinthesystem.Eachperson,afterall,useshistimesomehowandexistswithinandactsuponthespacearoundhim.Dr.Mann,andcompanyproposethatcertaintraitsaresharedbypersonsfallingineachofthefourcategories.
Thefirsttype,thepasttype,seestimeasbeingcircular.Forhim,thepastcropsupinthepresentandthenreturnstothepastasamemory.Heenjoyscollectingsouvenirsandkeepingdiaries.HetellsstoriesaboutGreatAuntHattieandalwaysremembersyourbirthday.
Pasttypesarepeggedbythissystemasemotionalpeoplewhoseetheworldinahighlysubjectiveway.Forinstance,SchoolPrincipalI(pasttype)couldidentifywiththefightandknowhowtohandleitbecauseofsomepastexperience—whetheritbesimilarfightsasachildhimselforonespreviouslydealtwithastheschoolprincipal.Inaddition,pasttypesusuallyfollowstrictmoralcodesandoftenarevaluedmoreforwhattheyarethanforwhattheydo.Thisqualityitself—becauseitlendsauthoritarianstrengthtoonewhopossessesit—mightcausethestudentstoquitfighting.Pasttypesoftenhavebeenfoundtobeskillfulatassessingtheexactemotionaltenorofaneventan
6.The"feltimage"ismuchmoreimportantbecauseithelpsyoutobemoreconfident.
A.TrueB.Fasle
7.MrMillerenjoysdoingthingswithhisownhands.
A.RightB.Wrong
8.听力原文:M:Soyoureallybelievethatclothescarryakindofmessageforotherpeopleandthatwhatweputonisinsomewayareflectionofwhatwefeel?
W:Ohyes,verymuchso.Nowpeoplearebeginningtotakeseriouslytheideaofakindofpsychologyofclothing,tobelievethatthereisnotjustindividualtasteinourclothesbutalsoathinkingbehindwhatwewearwhichistryingtoexpresssomethingwemaynotevenbeawareofourselves.
M:Butsurelythishasalwaysbeenthecase.Wealldressupwhenwewanttoimpresssomeone,suchasforajobinterviewwithaprospectiveemployer;wethenmakeaneffortandputonsomethingsmart.
W:True,butthat'saconsciousact.WhatIamtalkingaboutismoreofasubconsciousthing.Takeforexamplethestudentwhoisawayfromhomeatcollegeoruniversity:ifhetendstowraphimselfupmorethantheothers,thisisbecauseheisprobablyfeelinghomesick.Similarly,ageneralfeelingofinsecuritycansometimestaketheform.ofoverdressinginwarmerclothesthannecessary.
M:Canyougiveanyotherexamples?
W:Yes.Ithinkpeoplewhoaresociableandoutgoingtendtodressinanextrovertedway,preferringbrighterormoredazzlingcolorsyellows,brightreds,andsoon.Inthesameway,whatmightbeseenasaparallelwiththeanimalkingdom,aggressiveclothesmightindicateanaggressivepersonalityorattitudetolife.Thinkaboutthethreatdisplaysusedbyanimalswhentheywanttowarnoffopponents.
M:Doyouthinkthecareorlackofitoverthewayweactuallywearourclotheshasanythingtotellus?
W:Yes,indeed.Thelength,forexample,ofaman'strousersspeaksvolumesabouthisawarenessofhisownimage.Or,ifhistrousersaretooshortorhangingloosely,thisprobablymeanshe'sabsorbedbyotherthings.
Accordingtothewoman,whatgovernstheclotheswewear?
A.Adesiretoexpressoneselfandshowone'swealth.
B.Individualtasteandloveforbeauty.
C.Loveforbeautyandadesiretoimpressotherpeople.
D.Individualtasteandadesiretoexpressoneself.
9.PaulcouldreachalltheswitchesbecausetheyWereoriginallyinstalledattherightheightofhim.
A.RightB.Wrong
10.Shiraliprobablyliveduntil168;Tsurbaprobablyliveduntilage160.
A.TrueB.Fasle
11.Ifyoupokeyourtongueintoaholeofyourteeth,itfeelsverytinyandslim.
A.TrueB.Fasle
12.Peoplelikethechangesintheorganizationofthecompany.
A.RightB.Wrong
13.What'soneofthebestwaystohelpyouraudience?
14.InwhichyeardidColumbustakechilipeppertoSpain?
15.听力原文:Yesterdaywediscussedtheproblemofrisingprices,or,intheeconomist'sterms,inflation.Wenotedthat,duringperiodsofinflation,allpricesandincomesdonotriseatthesamerate.Someincomesrisemoreslowlythanthecostofliving,andafewdonotriseatall.Otherincomesrisemorerapidlythanthecostofliving.
Weconcludedthatpersonswithfixedincomes,forexample,theelderlywhodependuponpensions,andpersonswithslow-risingincomesas,forexample,anemployeewithasalaryagreedtoinalong-termcontract,willbemostseriouslyaffectedbyinflation.Pleaserememberthatwhiletheirdollarincomes,staythesame,thecostofgoodsandservicesrises,andineffect,realincomedecreases,thatis,theyareabletopurchaselesswiththesameamountofmoney.
Wealsotalkedaboutthefactthatstockholdersandpersonswithbusinessinterestsandinvestmentswouldprobablybenefitmostfrominflation,sincehighpriceswouldincreasesalesreceipts,andprofitswouldlikelyrisefasterthanthecostofliving.
Andnow,beforewebegintoday'slecture,arethereanyquestionsabouttheterm,inflationoranyoftheexamplesgiveninourdiscussionsofar?
What'sthemainpurposeofthetalk?
A.Tointroducetheconceptofinflation.
B.Todiscussthecausesofinflation.
C.Toreviewyesterday'slectureoninflation.
D.Toargueinfavorofinflation.
二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.(40)
17.
【C13】
18.
【C12】
19.
【C6】
20.(32)
21.(38)
22.Impatiencecharacterizesyoungintellectualworkers.Theywanttomaketheirmark【C1】______.Soit'simportanttoget【C2】______totheminachallengingmannertheidea【C3】______bigachievementsrarelycomeeasilyandquickly.Pointoutthatthelittlesuccessesareessential.Showthatthey【C4】______turnbecomethefoundationon【C5】______reputationsarebuiltandfromwhichmoreimportanttaskscanbeaccomplished.
Avarietyofjobassignments,includingjoborprojectrotation,alsokeepajob【C6】______becomingdull.Whereasit'snaturalforsomeindividualstowanttomoveaheadimmediatelytomoredifficultassignments,【C7】______properguidancetheycancontinuetolearnandtogainversatilitybyworkingonanumberofjobsthatareessentially【C8】______thesamecomplexity.Thiswaytheygainbreadth,ifnotdepth.
Probablythegreatestoffensetoguard【C9】______whendealingwithyoungerspecialistsistorejectideasoutofhand.Youmustlisten--andlistenobjectively--totheirsuggestions.Avoid【C10】______overcritical.Youwanttonurtureaninquiringmindwithafreshapproach.You'llfrustrateitquicklyifyoureverttoooften【C11】______"We'vetriedthatbeforeanditwon't【C12】______here."
Onesurewaytodisenchant【C13】______collegegraduatesisflagrantlymisusingtheirtalents.Expectthemtodosomeroutinework,ofcourse.Butdon'tmaketheir【C14】______workjustonelongseriesoferrands.Thisincludessuchbreak-inassignments【C15】______performingroutinecalculations,diggingup【C16】______material,【C17】______operatingreproductionequipment.Onelargemanufacturingcompanyrecentlyinterviewedanumberof【C18】______engineerswhohadleftthem.Thecompanyfoundthattheoverwhelmingcomplaintwasthatthecompanynotonlydidnotofferworkthat【C19】______challengingbutalsoexpected【C20】______toolittlefromtheminthewayofperformance.
【C1】
23.(50)
24.
【C8】
25.(45)
三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66~70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA~Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Itwasamomentmostbusinessexecutiveswouldpausetosavor:latelastyear,GermansportinggoodspioneerAdidaslearnedthatafteryearsofdecliningmarketshare,thecompanyhadsprintedpastU.S.ReebokInternationaltotakethesecondplacebehindNikeintheraceforworldwidesales.ButRobertLouis-Dreyfus,therumpledFrenchmanwhonowrunsAdidas,anddidn'tevenstopforoneofhistrademarkHavanacigarsincelebration,worriedthatthecompanywouldgrowcomplacent.Instead,heandagroupoffriendsboughtFrenchsoccerclubOlympicdeMarseille"Nowthat'ssomethingIhavedreamedaboutsinceIwasakid."Louis-Dreyfussayswithanadolescentgrin.
66.______
Withsalesinthefirstthreequartersof1996at$2.5billion,upablithering30.7%over1995,it'shardtorecallthedismalshapeAdidaswasinwhenLouis-DreyfustookoveraschairmaninApril1993.Foundedin1920byAdiDassler,theinventorofthefirstshoesdesignedespeciallyforsports,thecompanyenjoyedanearmonopolyinathleticshoesuntilanupstartcalledNikeappearedinthe1970sandrodetherunningfadtoriches.Bytheearly1990sAdidashadcomeunderthecontrolofFrenchbusinessmanBernardTapie,whowaslaterjailedforbribingthreeFrenchsoccerplayers.AlthoughthecompanytriedtospruceupitsstaidimagewithateamofAmericandesigners,Adidaslostmorethan$100millionin1992,promptingtheFrenchbanksthathadacquiredcontrolofthecompanyfromTapietobeginadesperatesearchforanewowner.
67.______
Thepoker-lovingLouis-Dreyfusknewhehadbeendealtawinninghand.FollowingtheleadsetbyNikeinthe1970s,hemovedproductiontolow-wagefactoriesinChina,IndonesiaandThailandandsoldAdidas'EuropeanfactoriesforatokenoneDeutschemarkapiece.HehiredPeterMoore,aformerproductdesigneratNike,ascreativedirector,andsetupstudiosinGermanyfortheEuropeanmarketandinPortland,Oregon,fortheU.S.Hethenriskedeverythingbydoublinghisadvertisingbudget."Wewentfromamanufacturingcompanytoamarketingcompany,"saysLouis-Dreyfus."Itdidn'ttakeagenius--youjusthadtolookatwhatNikeandReebokweredoing.Itwaseasierforsomeonecomingfromtheoutside,withnobaggage,todoit,thanforsomebodyfrominsidethecompany."
68.______
"ThemarketingatAdidasisvery,verygoodrightnow,"saysEugenioDiMaria,editorofSportingGoodIntelligence,anindustrynewsletterperceivingAdidasasaveryyoungbrand."Thecompanyisparticularlystronginapparel,muchstrongerthanNikeandReebok."
Although90%ofAdidasproductsforwearonstreetinsteadofsportsfields,Louis-DreyfusfeltthepreviousmanagementhadlostsightofAdidas'rootsasasportingproductscompany.Afterall,AdiDasslerinventedthescrew-instudforthesoccershoeandshodAmericanchampionJesseOwensinthe1936Olympics.Sohesoldofforfoldedothernon-corebrandsthatAdidashaddeveloped,includingLeCoqSportif,ArenaandPony.Europeisstillthecompany'slargestmarketbecauseAdidasdominatestheapparelindustryandthankstosoccer'smassivepopularitythere,Louis-Dreyfttsisquicktosharecreditfortheturnaroundwithasmallgroupoffriendswhoboughtthecompanywithhimin1993.Oneofthosefellowinvestorsisaform
27.
TheviewsofVasariandHomeonBotticelli'sproductsare______.
A.identicalB.complementaryC.oppositeD.similar
28.
Whyarehorsesusedtocatchtheelectriceels?
A.Tofrightentheeels.
B.Toexhausttheeels.
C.Toattracttheeels.
D.Tostirthewater.
29.
Theword"fib"inthefourthsentenceofParagraph5,probablymeans______.
A.totellthetruth
B.toreduce
C.toincrease
D.totellasmalllie
30.(67)
31.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
Answerquestions71~80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=RotherhitheB=BarnesC=WillesdenD=King'sCross
Whichcity...
usedtohavelotofproblemssuchasdrugs,streetcrime,etc.?71.______
hastheunpopularstyle.ofarchitecture?72.______
hasthemostexpensiveproperties?73.______
offersbigout-fashionedhousesatlowerprice?74.______
islocatedinaquietresidentialarea?75.______
sawabigincreaseinpricelastyear?76.______
willbuildalotofnewfacilities?77.______
isestimatedtobeagoodinvestment?78.______
encouragesnight-lifecultureforyoungpeople?79.______
createsenergeticmulti-culturalatmosphere?80.______
ARotherhithe
Rotherhithemaybemostfamousforitscongestedtunnelbutmanyyoungbuyersarewanningtoitsriversidecharms.
Itisstillmuchcheaperthanitswatersideneighbors.Thehousingstockispredominately1980sflats,manyarrangedincul-de-sacs(死胡同)andclosesaroundSurreyQuaysRoad.
TheunpopulararchitecturehasledtotheareabeingcalledtheMiltonKeynesofLondonbutpropertiesarespaciousandunfashionablestyle.haskeptpricesdown.
PaulMitchell,ofestateagentsAlexNeil,says,"Thereispreciouslittleperiodproperty,butyouwillgetfarmoreforyourmoneyherethanaVictorianhousewithlotsoforiginalfeaturesdowntheroadinBermondsey."
SurryQuaysshoppingcenterprovidesalltheamenitiesofahighstreetbuttheareaislackinginfun.However,SouthwarkCouncilisintalkstodevelopthe"nighttimeeconomy"whichcouldwellleadtoanincreaseinbarsandrestaurantstocaterforthegrowingnumberofyoungprofessionalresidents.
"Itispossibletogetagoodthree-bedroomhouseinRotherhithefor280,000,"saysSumineJordaan-Robinson,ofagentsBurwoodMarsh,"Abouteightminutes;walkfromtheJubileelinewhichwillhaveyouinBondstreetin15minutes.TherearenotthatmanyareasinLondonwherethatispossible."
BBarnes
BarnessitsjustacrosstheriverfromHammersmithinsouthwestLondon,butitcouldnotbemoredifferentfromthenoiseandbustleoftheoppositebank.
IthasbeencalledoneofthelasttrueLondon"villages"withhappyresidentskeepingitsoldschoolcharmsquietfromnoseyoutsidersandpotentialdevelopers.
BeingbytheriverandpredominatelyresidentialgivesBarnesanattractivelylazyvibe.Ithasatraditionalvillagegreencompletewithidyllicduckpondandquaintpub.ThehighstreetisaboutasfarfromthePoundShopandPrimarkambienceofitsneighborsasispossible.
ButbuyingintoBarnesisnotcheap."Familyhousesaresnappedupincrediblyquickly,"claimsChrisCarney,salesnegotiatoratBoileansestateagents."Itisveryhardtogetpropertiesofthissize,withoutsidespacesoclosetoLondon,whichiswhytheyareexpensive."
LargedetachedVictorianhousesonthetwomainroads,CastlenauandLonsdale,normallyhavebetweenfiveandsevenbedrooms,gardensof120ftandoffstreetparking.Thesesellforanythingbetween£2millionand£5million.
Bythevillagegr
32.
Theauthorgaveanexampleinthethirdparagraphinorderto______.
A.emphasizetheneedtoplaceastrongervalueonnationalcooperation
B.explainwhytheAmericanideahasbeenbasedonindividualfreedom
C.illustratethefactthatAmericanswillnotsacrificetheirpersonalinterestforthegoodoftheentirecountry
D.supporttheideathatAmericansneedsthespiritofnationalcooperationtoachieveimportantnationalobjectivesinthe21stcentury
33.
Theword"cleared"(Line4,Paragraph3)mightmean______.
A.permittedB.removedC.provedD.produced
34.(72)
35.(80)
36.(73)
37.
Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof______.
A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom
B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams
C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons
D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses
38.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=WashingtonD.C.B=NewYorkCityC=ChicagoD=LosAngeles
Whichcity…
istheheadquarteroftheSupremeCourt?71.______
wasdiscoveredasearlyas1524?72.______
hasservedasthecapitalofthecountry?73.______
isnowthelargestindustrialcityinthecountry?74.______
leadsthecountryinthemanufactureofaircraftandspareparts?75.______
isthelargestcity?76.______
isthesecondlargestcityinpopulationinU.S.A.?77.______
hasbecomeoneoftheworld'sbusiestports?78.______
coversanareaofover69squaremiles?79.______
isnowconsideredthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceinthemid-westarea?
80.______
AWashingtonD.C.
Washington,thecapitaloftheUnitedStates,isinWashingtonD.C.andissituatedonthePotomacRiverbetweenthetwostatesofMarylandandVirginia.Thepopulationofthecityisabout800,000anditcoversanareaofover69squaremiles(including8squaremilesofwatersurface).ThesectionwasnamedtheDistrictofColumbiaafterChristopherColumbus,whodiscoveredthecontinent.ThecityitselfwasnamedWashingtonafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.A.
Thebuildingofthecitywasaccomplishedin1800andsincethatyear,ithasservedasthecapitalofthecountry.ThomasJeffersonwasthefirstpresidentinauguratedthere.IntheWarof1812,theBritainarmyseizedthecity.burningtheWhiteHouseandmanyotherbuildings.
WashingtonistheheadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem:Congress,theSupremeCourtandthePresidency.
Apartfromthegovernmentbuildings,therearealsosomeotherplacesofinterestsuchastheWashingtonMonument,theLincolnMemorial,theJeffersonMemorial,theLiteraryoftheCongressandMt.Vernon,homeofGeorgeWashington.
BNewYorkCity
NewYorkCity.locatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.ThecityofNewYorkhasapopulationofover7million(1970)andMetropolitan,12million.
Thecitywithitsgoodharborwasdiscoveredasearlyas1524,anditwasestablishedbyDutchwhonamedthecityNewAmsterdam.In1664,thecitywastakenbytheEnglishanditgotthenameNewYorkasitbearsnow.DuringtheAmericanRevolutionin1776,GeorgeWashingtonhadhishead-quartersforatimeinNewYorkCity.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasfirstreadthereinJuly4th,1776.Thecityre
39.Beforeabigexam,asoundnight'ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheform.ofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.
Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.
Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.
Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.
Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.
Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto______.
A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses
B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness
C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory
D.thefunctionsofagoodnight'ssleep
40.
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?
A.AstheUNhesitates,thepoortakeaction.
B.ProgressinenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenmadesincetheRioSummit.
C.Climatechangescannolongerbeneglected.
D.Thedeclineofearth'slife-supportsystemshasbeenhalted.
四、阅读理解(5题)41.
第
37
题
TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptanceholdsthat__________.
42.
第
35
题
Weseedistantgalaxiesastheywerelong,longagobecause_________.
43.
第
42
题
Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,theauthorconsiderswhichofthefollowingtobemosthelpfulindeterminingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?
44.
第
34
题
HowmanystateslevyimporttaxesintheU.S.A.?
45.
第
25
题
WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrue?
参考答案
1.Sixmonths.
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.Stopfighting
6.B
7.A
8.D
9.B
10.A
11.B
12.B
13.Tospeakslowly.
14.(In)1493.
15.C
16.withwith解析:根据对等关系,这里应该与后面的部分“apersonwithagoodunderstanding”相对应。意思是“那些脚踏实地的人往往是那些很了解现实的人。”故答案为with。
17.readyready解析:顾客来到结算处,说明他们准备好了要付账。bereadyto的意思是“准备好了做某事”。故答案为ready。
18.therebythereby解析:本句句意为“我们也正在污染海洋,杀死了鱼类,…剥夺了我们那无价的食物供应。”显然,此空前后为因果关系,而且depriving前不能用so或其他表因果关系的连词,而只能用介词thereby。
19.onon解析:dependenceon意为“依赖,依靠”,是固定短语。
20.tastetaste解析:本句意为“我们看得见它,闻
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