五种基本句型-主系表结构

-.z.五种基本句型——主系表结构主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一、be动词类：am、is、are、was、were二、表示变化类：bee、get、turn、grow、go三、感官动词类:眼（look）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四、表示延续性的动词：remain、stay、keep表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing等来充当。上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。练习找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Tomisastudent.2Heisfat.3Iamtired.4Wearestudents.5Thebagwaslost.6Theboywasfoolish.7Theywerekind.8Sheisintheroom.9Thebooksareonthedesk.10Snowiswhite.11Katewashereyesterday.12Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.13Theweathergetshotinsummer.14Shelooksbeautiful.15Theflowersmellsgood.16Wewereveryhappy.17Youareright.18Thesouptastesdelicious.19Thechairisyours.20Thechildrenareasleep.21Thestoryisinteresting.22Hefeelsbettertoday.23Theleafturnsgreen.24Istayedawakeallthenight.25TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.26Thelittlegirlissi*.27Myworkistolookafterthebaby.28Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.29Thegirlisverypretty.30Hewentmad.31Pleasedon’tgetangry.32Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.33Youlookangry.34Shelookslikehermother.35Youlookunhappy,what’sthematter"36Thoserosessmellbeautiful.37Thistastesnice.What’sinit"38Doyoufeelhappy"39Heremainedsilent.40Theweatherisgoingtostayfine.41MyjobisteachingEnglish．42Sheisathome．43Ifeelterrible．44Heisolderthanhelooks．他比看上去要老。45Heseeninterestedinthebook．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。46Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来有趣。47Thedeskfeelshard．书桌摸起来很硬。48Thecaketastesnice．饼尝起来很香。49Theflowerssmellsweetandnice．花闻起来香甜。50Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore．你长得比以前高了。51Hehassuddenlyfallenill．他突然病倒了。52Hestoodquitestill．他静静地站看。53Hebeesateacher.．他当了教师。54Helookswell.他面色好。55Itsoundsnice.这个听起来不错。56Ifeelgood.我感觉好。57Theeggsmellsbad.这个鸡蛋难闻。58Hebecameateacheratlast.59Hisfaceturnedred.60IsheanEnglishteacher,ChineseteacherorJapaneseteacher"他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？练习答案找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。1Tomisastudent.汤姆是一个学生。Tom主语，名词astudent表语名词2Heisfat.他很胖。He主语，代词fat表语，形容词3Iamtired.我累了I主语，代词tired表语，形容词4Wearestudents.我们是学生。We主语，代词students表语，名词5Thebagwaslost.包丢了。Thebag主语，名词lost丢，形容词，表语6Theboyisfoolish.这男孩是愚蠢的。Theboy主语，名词foolish愚蠢的，形容词，表语7Theywerekind.他们很亲切。They主语，代词kind.亲切的，和蔼的，形容词，表语8Sheisintheroom.她在屋里。She主语，代词intheroom.在屋里，介词短语，表语9Thebooksareonthedesk.书在桌子上。Thebooks主语，名词onthedesk.在桌子上，介词短语，表语10Snowiswhite.雪是白色的。Snow主语，名词white白色的，形容词，表语11Katewashereyesterday.凯特昨天在这。Kate主语，名词here代词，表语yesterday时间状语12Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.我爸爸在1978年成为一名教师。Myfather主语，名词ateacher名词，表语in1978.时间状语13Theweathergetshotinsummer.夏天，天气变热了。Theweather主语，名词hot形容词表语insummer时间状语14Shelooksbeautiful.她看起来很漂亮。She主语，代词beautiful表语，形容词15Theflowersmellsgood.花闻起来很香。Theflower主语，名词good形容词，表语16Wewereveryhappy.我们很高兴。We主语，代词veryhappy表语，形容词17Youareright.你对了。You主语，代词right形容词，表语18Thesouptastesdelicious.汤尝起来美味。Thesoup主语，名词delicious美味的，形容词，表语19Thechairisyours.椅子是你的。Thechair主语，名词yours表语，物主代词20Thechildrenareasleep.孩子们睡着了。Thechildren主语，名词asleep表语，形容词21Thestoryisinteresting.这故事挺有趣。Thestory主语，名词interesting形容词，表语22Hefeelsbettertoday.他今天感觉不错。He主语，代词better形容词，表语today时间状语23Theleafturnsgreen.树叶变绿了。Theleaf主语，名词green表语，形容词24Istayedawakeallthenight.我整夜没睡。I主语，代词awake形容词，表语allthenight时间状语25TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.四月份天气在仍很冷。Theweather主语，名词cold形容词，表语inApril时间状语26Thelittlegirlissi*.这小女孩六岁了。Thelittlegirl主语，名词si*数词，表语27Myworkistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照看小孩。Mywork主语，名词tolookafterthebaby动词不定式短语做表语28Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.他的工作是照顾病人。Hisjob主语，名词takingcareofthepatient动名词短语做表语29Thegirlisverypretty.这女孩很漂亮。Thegirl主语，名词verypretty.形容词，表语30Hewentmad.他疯了。He主语，代词mad形容词，表语31Pleasedon’tgetangry.请不要生气。祈使句，缺少主语，get做系动词，后边的做表语32Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.天变的越来越冷了，Theweather主语，名词colderandcolder形容词短语做表语，形容词比较级and形容词比较级表示一个渐变的过程。33Youlookangry.你生气了。You主语，代词angry形容词，表语34Shelookslikehermother.她看起来象她妈妈。She主语，名词hermother名词，表语35Youlookunhappy,what’sthematter"你看起来不高兴，怎么了。You主语，名词unhappy形容词，表语36Thoserosessmellgood.这些玫瑰花闻起来很香。Thoseroses主语，名词good形容词，表语37Thistastesnice.What’sinit"这东西尝起来不错，它里边包的什么？This代词，主语nice形容词，表语38Doyoufeelhappy"感觉快乐么。Doyoufeelhappy"一般疑问句，do助动词提前，you主语，代词，happy形容词，表语39Heremainedsilent.他保持沉默。He主语，代词silent形容词，表语40Theweatherisgoingtostayfine.天气将持续晴朗。Theweather主语，名词fine形容词，表语41MyjobisteachingEnglish．我的工作是教英语。Myjob主语，名词English名词，表语42Sheisathome．她在家呢。She主语，代词athome介词短语做表语43Ifeelterrible．我感觉很可怕。I主语，代词terrible形容词，表语44Heisolderthanhelooks．他比看上去要老。He主语，代词olderthanhelooks表语，形容词短语45Heseemsinterestedinthebook．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。He主语，代词thebook名词，表语46Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来有趣。Thestory主语，名词interesting形容词，表语47Thedeskfeelshard．书桌摸起来很硬。Thedesk主语，名词hard形容词，表语48Thecaketastesnice．饼尝起来很香。Thecake名词，主语nice形容词，表语49Theflowerssmellsweetandnice．花闻起来香甜。Theflowers主语，名词sweetandnice并列形容词做表语50Youhavegrowntallerthanbe