备课内容国际商务英语阅读chapter

Chapter5InternationalLogistics

5.1InternationalSupplyChainBackgroundKnowledgeAsupplychainisasystemoforganizations,people,activities,information,andresourcesinvolvedinmovingaproductorservicefromsuppliertocustomer.Supplychainactivitiestransformnaturalresources,rawmaterials,andcomponentsintoafinishedproductthatisdeliveredtotheendcustomer.Insophisticatedsupplychainsystems,usedproductsmayre-enterthesupplychainatanypointwhereresidualvalueisrecyclable.Supplychainslinkvaluechains.

5.1InternationalSupplyChainADefinitionofInternationalLogisticsSupplyChainManagementTheImpactofInternationalLogisticsWordsandExpressionssource

v.寻找（产品或原料的）货源(Inbusiness,ifapersonorfirmsourcesaproductorarawmaterial,theyfindsomeonewhowillsupplyit.)Togethertheytraveltheworld,sourcingclothesforthesmall,privatelyownedcompany…他们一道走遍世界各地，为那家私营小公司寻觅服装货源。About60percentofanaveragecarissourcedfromoutsideofthemanufacturer.一辆普通汽车上大约有60%的部件是由制造商以外的其他供应商提供的。logisticsn.后勤；物流；组织工作(Ifyourefertothelogisticsofdoingsomethingcomplicatedthatinvolvesalotofpeopleorequipment,youarereferringtotheskilfulorganizationofitsothatitcanbedonesuccessfullyandefficiently.)Theskillsandlogisticsofgettingsuchabigshowontheroadposeenormouspracticalproblems…搞如此大型的巡演，无论是技术上还是物流上都面临着巨大的实际问题。Logisticsisnowmoreimportantinourindustrythantechnology.物流目前在我们这一行比技术还重要。trade-offn.权衡；协调；交易；交换(Atrade-offisasituationwhereyoumakeacompromisebetweentwothings,orwhereyouexchangeallorpartofonethingforanother.)Thenewspaper‘sheadlineindicatesthattherewasatrade-offatthesummit.报纸的大字标题表明峰会上大家作出了妥协。...thetrade-offbetweeninflationandunemployment.在通货膨胀与失业之间求得平衡。implementv.履行；实施(Ifyouimplementsomethingsuchasaplan,youensurethatwhathasbeenplannedisdone.)Thegovernmentpromisedtoimplementanewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions…政府许诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。Thereportsetsoutstrictinspectionprocedurestoensurethatthemendationsareproperlyimplemented.报告规定了严格的检查程序，以确保建议得到切实执行。replenishmentn.补充；充满(Replenishmentistheprocessbywhichsomethingismadefullorcompleteagain.)Thereisaconcernaboutreplenishmentofthepopulation.有人担心人口的补充问题。sentences1.Thebasicgoaloflogisticsmanagementistheeffectivecoordinationofbothphasesandtheirvariouscomponentstoresultinmaximumcosteffectivenesswhilemaintainingservicegoalsandrequirements.物流管理的最根本目的是有效地协调各阶段，和其不同的构成，保持服务目标和要求的同时，来实现最有效的成本控制。while引导并列成分。2.Itpassesthetotalmovementconceptbycoveringtheentirerangeofoperationsconcernedwithgoodsmovement,includingthereforebothexportsandimportssimultaneously.concernedwithgoodsmovement是过去分词短语作定语，修饰operations.通过包含与商品流动有关的整个系列的运作，因而同时包括了进出口，因此，它涵盖了整个流动的概念。5.2ManagementofInternationalLogisticsBackgroundKnowledgeLogisticsisthemanagementoftheflowofgoodsbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetsomerequirements,ofcustomersorcorporations.Theresourcesmanagedinlogisticscanincludephysicalitems,suchasfood,materials,animals,equipmentandliquids,aswellasabstractitems,suchastime,information,particles,andenergy.Thelogisticsofphysicalitemsusuallyinvolvestheintegrationofinformationflow,materialhandling,production,packaging,inventory,transportation,warehousing,andoftensecurity.Thecomplexityoflogisticscanbemodeled,analyzed,visualized,andoptimizedbydedicatedsimulationsoftware.Theminimizationoftheuseofresourcesisacommonmotivationinlogisticsforimportandexport.5.2ManagementofInternationalLogistics5.2.1CentralizedLogisticsManagement5.2.2DecentralizedLogisticsManagement5.2.3TheSystematicOutsourcingofLogisticsCapabilitiesWordsandexpressionsexert

v.1.施加（影响、压力等）；行使，运用（权威等）(Ifsomeoneorsomethingexertsinfluence,authority,orpressure,theyuseitinastrongordeterminedway,especiallyinordertoproduceaparticulareffect.)Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityontheseissues...他极大地影响了科学界对这些问题的看法。2.尽力；努力(Ifyouexertyourself,youmakeagreatphysicalormentaleffort,orworkhardtodosomething.)Youngstersgetsoabsorbedthattheydon‘trealisehowmuchthey’reexertingthemselves…年轻人如此地沉浸其中，他们没有意识到自己有多么努力。decentralize

v.使（政府或大型机构）权力分散；下放……的权力(Todecentralizegovernmentoralargeorganizationmeanstomovesomedepartmentsawayfromthemainadministrativearea,ortogivemorepowertolocaldepartments.)Theyhavedecentralisedthecompanyandmadeitlessbureaucratic.他们已经分解了该公司的权力，以抑制其官僚作风。decentralizationn.rationale

n.基本理论；理论基础；合理性的根据(Therationaleforacourseofaction,practice,orbeliefisthesetofreasonsonwhichitisbased.)However,therationaleforsuchinitiativesisnot,ofcourse,solelyeconomic.然而，这种提议的根据当然并不仅仅是经济方面的。Therationaleofreprocessingspentnuclearfuelisinevitablybeingquestioned.对核废料进行再加工的理由不可避免地受到了质疑。competency

n.资格，能力，作证能力(Competencymeansthesameascompetence.)managerialcompetency管理才能jeopardize

v.使处于危险境地；危及；危害；损害(Tojeopardizeasituationoractivitymeanstodosomethingthatmaydestroyitorcauseittofail.)Hehasjeopardisedthefutureofhisgovernment…他的行为已经危及到他这届政府的未来。Thetalksmaystillbejeopardizedbydisputes.会谈仍有可能因存在争端而破裂。sentences1.Thisperson,whetherthevicepresidentforinternationallogisticsorthepresidentofthefirm,canthenethefinalarbitertodecidethefirm'spriorities.arbitern.仲裁人；公断人Hewastheultimatearbiteronboththeologicalandpoliticalmatters.他在神学和政治事务上都是最终的仲裁人。priorityn.优先事项；最重要的事；当务之急Gettingyourprioritiesinorderisagoodwaytonotwasteenergyonmeaninglesspursuits.将事情按优先顺序排列能有效地避免把精力浪费在无意义的工作上。givepriorityto优先考虑；给……优先权2.Whilethecostsavingsandspecializationbenefitsofsuchastrategyseemclear,onemustalsoconsiderthelossofcontrolforthefirm,itssuppliers,anditscustomersthatmayresultfromsuchoutsourcing.That从句修饰lossofcontrol.outsource

v.将……外包；外购Increasingly,corporateclientsareseekingtooutsourcethemanagementoftheirfacilities.越来越多的公司客户寻求将设施的管理外包出去。KeytoExercisesText5.1I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:1—5:FTTFT6—10:TFTFTII.Makethebestchoicetocompletethestatements.1—5:BBDCC6—10:DDAABIII.AnswertheFollowingQuestions:Omitted.Text5.2I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:1—5:TFTFT6—10:TTFTFII.Translat