2021届陕西省咸阳市永寿高三上学期开学考试（摸底）英语试题（解析版）听力

永寿2021年高考摸底考试英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasn’teatenanysandwichyet.B.Hethinksthefirstsandwichisbetter.C.He’stoofulltoeatanothersandwich.2.Whyaretheneighborsmovingout?A.Theydon’tliketheflat.B.Theycan’taffordthehighrent.C.Thelandlorddoesn’tmeanwhathesays.3.Howdidthemanhearaboutthefire?A.Overthephone.B.Onthetelevision.C.Inthenewspaper.4.Whereisthewomangoingfirst?A.Tothecinema.B.Totheconcert.C.Tothebank.5.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodotomorrowafternoon?A.Goshopping.B.Returntothebeach.C.PayavisittoJoeandLinda.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至第7小题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Ataseaport.C.Atarailwaystation.7.Howsoonwillthemangetonboard?A.Inabout10minutes.B.Inabout20minutes.C.Inabout30minutes.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10小题。8.Whatcolourofcarpetdoesthemansuggest?A.Blue.B.White.C.Green.9.Whatisthepossibleresultthewomanworriesabout?A.Shecan’treturnthecarpetifshedoesn’tlikeit.B.Shecan’tdecidetherightcolourforthecarpet.C.Shecan’taffordthehighpriceofthecarpet.10.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inastore.B.Inthestreet.C.Inthewoman’shouse.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13小题。11.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Friends.B.Strangers.C.Neighbours.12.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirhabits.B.Theirfamilies.C.Theirneighbours.13.Whatistheman’strouble?A.Hecan’tgiveupsmoking.B.He’softendisturbedatnight.C.Hehasnohouseofhisown.听第9段材料，回答第14至第17小题。14.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Captainandplayer.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatisthewoman’smainpurposeoftalkingtotheman?A.Tolearnwhathedoeseveryday.B.Tohelphimtomanagehistimebetter.C.Tosuggestmakingfulluseofhissparetime.16.Howlongdoesthemanworkatthesupermarketeveryday?A.2hours.B.3hours.C.4hours.l7.Whatdoesthemanagreetogiveup?A.Doingapart-timejob.B.Havingfootballpractice.C.Workingatthestudentcenter.听第10段材料，回答第18至第20小题。18.Whatistheman?A.Asportstrainer.B.Aradioreporter.C.Aballplayer.19.Whatisthemandescribing?A.Afootballgame.B.Avolleyballgame.C.Abasketballgame.20.Whichisthewinningteam?A.Germany.B.England.C.Spain.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，共计40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ASupplyPrimaryTeachersNeededWeworkwithagroupof‘Good’and‘Excellent’schoolslocatedacrossLondon.Wearelookingforexcellentteacherswhohaveapassionforteachingandarelookingfornewopportunities.AboutSupplyTeachingSupplyteachinggivesyouthefreedomandflexibilitytoworkatavarietyofdifferentschools.Youhavetheoptionofday-to-daysupplyorlong-termsupply,whichcouldleadtoafulltimeemployment.Youwouldberequiredtohaveagreatunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum(课程).Ifyouhaveexperience,thenpleasedon’thesitatetoapply.Youwouldbeworkingwithstudentswhohavevariedneeds.Wearelookingforableanddevotedteacherswhoareabletoteachandengagewiththewholeclasswhileteaching.Supplyrolesaregreatforexperiencedteachersandnewlyqualifiedteacherslookingtogainexperience.KeyResponsibilitiesToteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.Touseregularassessmentstosettargetsforstudents,andmonitortheirprogress.Tomaintainregularandproductivemunicationwithstudentsandparents.ThePerfectCandidateMustholdauniversitydiploma.Abletoworkwellwithinateam.Strongunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum.Abletocreateinterestingandengaginglessonsforstudents.Deadline:ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.ContactUsPleasedon’thesitatetocontactusatASQEducation.Ifyoufeellikethisisnotquitetherightroleforyou,pleasestillcontactusatASQEducation,wehaveavarietyofrolesinPrimaryandSecondarySchool.1.Whatmaindutiesshouldasupplyteachertake?A.Plan,prepareandteacheffectivelessons.B.Guidestudentstoexperienceafter-schoolactivities.C.Settargetstobeeafulltimeemployee.D.Makesureofthestudents’freedomandflexibility.2.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuitabletobeasupplyteacher?A.OnewhohasaclearideaofprimarycurriculumB.Onewhohasgreatpassionforteaching.C.Onewhohasteachingexperience.D.Onewholikesworkingalone.3.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheposition,youshould___________.A.havehumorouspersonalityB.applybefore4thJanuary2018at9amC.contacttheschoolslocatedacrossLondondirectlyD.preparealessonandmunicatewithparentsinadvance【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则代课教师的招聘启示，主要介绍了其工作内容、职责、招聘条件及联系方式。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“KeyResponsibilities”部分内容“Toteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.(教授有效的、能鼓舞并让全体学生快速进步的课程)”及“Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.(计划并准备有效的工作和课程方案)”可知，计划、筹备并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一，故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据“ThePerfectCandidate”部分“Abletoworkwellwithinateam.”可知，作为一名代课教师，应该有团队合作精神，所以D项“喜欢独自工作的人”不适合作为作为代课教师。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Deadline:ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.”可知，最后截止日期是2018年1月4日周四上午9点，所以如果项申请这个职位，要在此日期之前，故选B项。【点睛】BToday,Ifeltterrible---myheadwasfullofproblemsandconfusion.IdecidedtotakeawalkeventhoughIdidn’tknowwhereIwouldgo.ThemostextraordinarythinghappenedwhenIwasoutonthiswalk.Isawanoldmansittingonachair.Hewasasellerofsecond-handshoes.Heseemedsotiredandnobodywasbuyinghisshoes.IwantedtogivehimsomethingbutIhadnotbroughtanythingwithme.Then,alittlegirlcametowardhim.Iheardthechildsay,“Grandfather,mayIpolishyourshoes?”Thatoldmantookpityonher,smiledandhegaveherashoetopolish.Thegirlsaid,“IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform.”Theoldmananswered,“Oh,littlegirl.Juststopdoingthis.ewithmeandIwillbuyyouauniform.”Thentheywalkedtoamarket(Ifollowedbehind)andheboughtherauniform.Thegirlwassohappy.Shesaid,“Thankyousomuchfordoingthis.”Thensheleft,leavingtheoldmansmiling.Hewalkedawayfromthemarket,butIstoppedhim.Iwhisperedinhisear,“Youareahero!Thankyouforyourkindness!”AsIwalkedaway,IglancedbackandIcouldseehimstillsmiling.IwasblownawaybythekindnessIhadjustseen.Someonewhohadsolittlehimselfwasabletoshowsuchincrediblegenerosity!Amazing!Myownsadnesshadpletelydisappeared,chasedawaybythelightofthiskindact.IbeganrealizingthatIhavealottobethankfulfor.4.Whydidthegirlwanttopolishshoesfortheoldman?A.Tosupporttheoldman’sbusiness.B.Toshowherpityontheoldman.C.Toearnmoneytobuysomethingtoherbrother.D.Toattracttheattentionofpassers-bytobuymoreshoes.5.Whatcanweknowabouttheoldmanfromthepassage?A.Hehasnotenoughtoeatandwear.B.Heisverycoldtoothers.C.Heisakindandgenerousman.D.Heisinapoorhealthcondition.6.Whatwordscanbedescribedthegirl’scharacter?A.Friendlyandcaring. B.Greedyandkind.C.Enthusiasticandimpatient. D.Meanandsad.7.Whatmaytheauthorlearnfromtheoldman?A.paredwithhelpingothers,personalsadnessisnotimportant.B.Oneshouldlivebyone’sownworknotbyothers’help.C.Oneshouldn’tlookdownupontheonewhoneedshelp.D.Eventhoughonehaslittle,heshouldtrytohelpothers.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者看见一个卖旧鞋的的可怜老人帮助了一个想通过擦鞋赚钱给哥哥买新校服的小女孩，老人这一善良慷慨的行为使作者的悲伤消失了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Thegirlsaid,“IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform.”女孩说：“我擦鞋是因为我需要钱给我哥哥买一套新校服。”可知，女孩想挣钱给她哥哥买东西因此给老人擦鞋。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中IwasblownawaybythekindnessIhadjustseen.Someonewhohadsolittlehimselfwasabletoshowsuchincrediblegenerosity!我被刚才看到的友善深深打动了。一个自己一无所有的人却表现出令人难以置信的慷慨！可知，老人他是一个善良慷慨的人。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Thegirlsaid,“IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform.”女孩说：“我擦鞋是因为我需要钱给我哥哥买一套新校服。”以及第三段中Thegirlwassohappy.Shesaid,“Thankyousomuchfordoingthis.”女孩很高兴。她说：“非常感谢你所做的一切。”可知，这个女孩是友好和体贴人的。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Someonewhohadsolittlehimselfwasabletoshowsuchincrediblegenerosity!一个自己一无所有的人却表现出令人难以置信的慷慨！以及最后一段中IbeganrealizingthatIhavealottobethankfulfor.我开始意识到我有很多事情要感谢。可知，从老人身上，作者可以学到“即使一个人一无所有，他也应该设法帮助别人。”的道理。故选D项。CAdultsperformbetterwhentheyhavealottogainorlose.Butscientistsdidnotknowwhetherteensdidtoo.Tofindout,Inselasked88peoplebetweentheagesof13and20.Shehadthemtryagame.Theparticipantslookedatpicturesofplanetsonaputerscreen.Theyhadtoclickasfastastheycouldwhentheysawaplanetwithdesigns.Theywerenotsupposedtoclickifaplanethadnodesigns.Theparticipantscouldearn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones.Inothersessions,they’dgetadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones.Playersofallageswantedtowinthemoney,andcaredmoreaboutbiggerrewardsthansmallerones.AsInselexpected,adultsperformedbetterwhenthestakeswerehigh.Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.Insel’steampublishedthisworkNovember28,2017,inNaturemunications.Brainschangeandmatureduringadolescence.Andnotallpartsgrowatthesamerate.Inselwasinterestedintwoareasinparticular.Oneisdeepinsidethebrainandjustabovetheears.Calledtheventralstriatum(腹侧纹状体),ithelpsthebraincalculaterewards.Theventralstriatumbeesmatureduringtheteenyears.Thebrain’sprefrontalcortex(前额叶)takeslongertomature.Thisareaisimportantforplanningandsettinggoals.Itmaynotmatureuntilearlyadulthood.Nervepathways-thinkofthemasthebrain’s“wiring”-connecttheventralstriatumandprefrontalcortex.Thisletsthetworegionsmunicatetomakedecisions.Butbecausetheprefrontalcortexmatureslater,thewiringbetweenthetwomaynotbepleteuntiladulthood.8.WhichofthefollowingcanexplainInsel’sresearch?A.Teensignorekeypointsinmanyaspects.B.Adultsbehavebetterwithhigherrewards.C.Teensgivemoreattentiontoexamsthanusualwork.D.Adultsbehavemorematurelythanchildrenineveryway.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stakes”referto?A.Thefinalresultsofgamesorexperiments.B.Thethingsthatcanbegainedorlostinraces.C.Theambitionsorenergiesthatoneexperiencesingames.D.Thepowersthatmakeonefeellesspressureorpain.10.Fromthepassage,wecanknow___________.A.theexperimentaimstofindoutadults’behaviourfacinghighstakesB.teenshavebetterperformancesinthefirstroundsC.adultscarelessabouttheexperimentatfirstD.adultsandteensshowdifferentlywithhighstakes11.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Unlikeadults,teensdon’tperformbetterwithhighstakesB.Whoperformbetter,adultsorchildren?C.Stakesarethekeypointsinpromotingone’spassionD.Whetherlowstakesorhighstakes,onebehavessimilarly【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.（当提高筹码时，只有19岁或者20岁地孩子在游戏中表现更好）可推知，18岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好。故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文可知，stakes在此处指实验中提到的earn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones（正确答案赚20美分，错误答案损失10美分）和getadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones.（正确答案得到1美元，错误答案损失0.5美元。），由此可推知，指比赛中的风险或赌注。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句和第三句Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.可知，提高实验地筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13到18岁地孩子表现和原来无异。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章通过具体实验，阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。A项：与成年人不同，青少年在高风险情况下表现并不会更好。符合题意。故选A。DDriverlesstechnologywillsoonenteranothermajorglobalindustry:shipping.Severalpaniesrecentlyannouncedplanstolaunchself-sailingshipstoimprovesafetyandefficiency.OneofthemisNorwegianchemicalpanyYaraInternational.Yarahasdesignedtobuildanautonomousshipexpectedtolaunchnextyear.Theshipisfullyelectrictoreduceairpollution.Itisdesignedtocarrycontainersnormallytransportedbytruck.Thismeanstheshipwillalsoimproveroadsafetybyreplacingabout40,000trucktripsayear.Yaraplanstooperatetheshipsbyremotecontrolbeginningsometimenextyear.By2020,theshipsshouldbeloadingandsailingthemselves.Anotherpanyfocusingonself-sailingshipsistheworld’slargestminingpany,Australia’sBHPBilliton.Thepany’sVicePresidentofFreight,RashpalBhatti,recentlyspokeaboutthetechnology.Hesaid,“Ibelieveautomationwillbeoneofthebiggestchangesforshippinginthefuture.”Autonomousshipsofferimportantchancestoimprovesafetyandprovidebetterefficiencyoutestothemarinesupplychain.”Headdedthatself-sailingshipscouldbeearealitywithinthenextdecade.Rolls-Royce,theBritishautomobileandenginemanufacturer,isalsodevelopingunmannedshippingtechnologies.OskarLevanderisthepany’sheadofmarineoperations.Hetoldaconferencelastyear,“Thisishappening.It’snotif,it’swhen.”Severalshippingpanieshaveinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarstodevelopself-sailingshipsexpectedtobeusedby2025.Theseshipswillbeequippedwithtechnologytocollectweatherandseadata.Theywillthenusethedatatoplanoutthesafest,shortestandmostfuel-efficientroute.12.Whatadvantagesdoesthedriverlessshiphaveaccordingtothepassage?A.Environmentalfriendly. B.Withoutnoise.C.Lowcost. D.Havingstrongershipbody.13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Australia’sBHPBillitonistheworld’slargestshippany.B.Theshipswillworkalmostautomaticallyby2020.C.Bhattiisn’tsureofthefutureofdriverlessship.D.Self-sailingshipswillbeusedinacoupleofyears.14.WhatattitudedoesOskarLevanderhavetothenewdriverlessship?A.Unsure. B.Doubtful. C.Sure. D.Objective.15.Whereisprobablythepassagetakenfrom?AAphysicstextbook. B.Atravelbooklet.C.Anadvertisement. D.Asciencereport.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶技术在航运业的运用，一些公司宣布推出无人驾驶船只来提高航海安全和效率的计划。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Theshipisfullyelectrictoreduceairpollution.(这艘船全部采用电动化以减少空气污染。)”可知，无人驾驶的船只最大的优势在于减少空气污染，所以其优势是环保。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“By2020,theshipsshouldbeloadingandsailingthemselves.(预计到2020年，这些船可以实现自主装船和航行。)”可知，到2020年，无人驾驶的轮船几乎可以自动运行。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Hetoldaconferencelastyear,“Thisishappening.It’snotif,it’swhen.”(去年，他在一次会议上指出：“这正在发生。没有如果，只是时间问题。”)可知，OskarLevander认为无人驾驶的船只是一定会出现的，只是时间的问题。所以OskarLevander对无人驾驶轮船的态度是肯定的。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通断全文，并结合文章第一句“Driverlesstechnologywillsoonenteranothermajorglobalindustry:shipping.(无人驾驶技术将很快进入全球另一个重要工业：航运业。)”可知，文章主要介绍了无人驾驶技术在航运业的运用，很多公司宣布推出无人驾驶船只来提高航海安全和效率的计划，所以可能摘自一篇科技报道。故选D项。【点睛】第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多项。Herearesomewaysofencouragingafriendtogetthroughadifficulttime.1.Makecontact.Whenyoufindoutthatsomeoneisgoingthroughacrisis,getincontactwiththemassoonaspossible.Ifthepersonisfaraway,makeaphonecallorsendanemail._____16_____Thisisespeciallyimportantifthey’redealingwithanillnessthatmakesitdifficulttoleavethehouse.2.Listentothemwithoutjudgment.Peopleneedtotelltheirstoriesintheirowntime.Ofcourseyou’regoingtohaveopinionsabouttheirsituation._____17_____Focusonyourfriend,sotheyworkthroughthehealingprocess.3.Offerpracticalhelp.Insteadofofferingadvice,whatyoucanofferissomeactualhelp.Thiscanmakeahugedifferenceforthem._____18_____Helpthemoutwithsomechoreslikedoingtheirgroceryshoppingforthem,helpingcleantheirhouse,andtakingtheirdogforawalk.4.___19___Whensomeoneisgoingthroughadifficultlifeevent,thebasicfunctionsoflifetendtogetforgotten.Theypossiblyforgettoeatorstopcaringfortheirappearance.Remindthemtodothingslikeshower,andexercise.5.Don’ttakeovertheirlife.Takingovertheirlifemayoverwhelmthem._____20_____Don’tjusttakeyourfriendtodinner,askthemwhereandwhentheywanttodine.Lettingthemmakedecisions,evenifthey’resmalldecisions,cangolongwaytowardsreclaimingtheirpower.A.Evendoingsomelittlethingscanmakeadifference.B.Youshouldofferoptionstothem.C.Sometimesvisitingsomeoneinpersonisalsoeffective.D.Youshoulduseyourpastexperiencestohelpthem.E.Butitisn’talwaysnecessarytoshareyouradvice.F.It’sbettertobethereforthem.G.Encourageyourfriendtokeepupwiththelifebasics.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.G20.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就如何鼓励朋友度过难关，提出了五点建议。【16题详解】根据上文Whenyoufindoutthatsomeoneisgoingthroughacrisis,getincontactwiththemassoonaspossible.Ifthepersonisfaraway,makeaphonecallorsendanemail.(当你发现某人正在经历危机时，尽快与他们联系。如果对方离你很远，打个或发个邮件)以及后文Thisisespeciallyimportantifthey’redealingwithanillnessthatmakesitdifficulttoleavethehouse.(如果他们正在应对一种让他们难以离开家的疾病，这一点尤其重要)由此可知，本句属于过渡句，上文提到了联系朋友的方式，后文提到了你想要联系的人如果因为生病无法离开家，那么本句提出另一种联系对方的方式，即可以亲自上门拜访。故C选项“有时亲自拜访某人也是有效的”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文Ofcourseyou’regoingtohaveopinionsabouttheirsituation.(当然，你会对他们的处境有自己的看法)以及后文Focusonyourfriend,sotheyworkthroughthehealingprocess.(关注你的朋友，这样他们就能完成治愈的过程)由此可知，本句承接上文说明，即使你有自己的看法，也不必总是分享你的建议，因为应该关注的是朋友。E选项中advice对应上文中opinions。故E选项“但不必总是分享你的建议”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文Insteadofofferingadvice,whatyoucanofferissomeactualhelp.Thiscanmakeahugedifferenceforthem.(你能提供的不是建议，而是一些实际的帮助。这对他们来说意义重大)以及后文Helpthemoutwithsomechoreslikedoingtheirgroceryshoppingforthem,helpingcleantheirhouse,andtakingtheirdogforawalk.(帮他们做一些家务，比如帮他们买杂货，帮他们打扫房间，带他们出去遛狗)由此可知，上文提到了给朋友提供实际的帮助，后文则提到了给他们做家务买杂货等小事情，可推知本句是在说明为正在度过难关的朋友做一些小事情，也可以给他们的生活带来重要影响。故A选项“即使是做一些小事情也会带来不同”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据本段内容Whensomeoneisgoingthroughadifficultlifeevent,thebasicfunctionsoflifetendtogetforgotten.Theypossiblyforgettoeatorstopcaringfortheirappearance.Remindthemtodothingslikeshower,andexercise.可知当一个人在经历生活中的困难事件时，生活的基本功能往往会被遗忘。他们可能会忘记吃饭，或者不再关心自己的外表。提醒他们做一些事情，比如洗澡、运动。由此可知，本句为本段小标题，应当总结本段内容，结合本段说明的是提醒正在度过难关的朋友不要忘记一些诸如吃饭、洗澡等基本的生活活动。后文中thebasicfunctionsoflife与G选项中thelifebasic对应。故G选项“鼓励你的朋友跟上生活的基本要求”符合本段小标题，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文Takingovertheirlifemayoverwhelmthem.(接管他们的生活可能会把他们压垮)以及后文Don’tjusttakeyourfriendtodinner,askthemwhereandwhentheywanttodine.Lettingthemmakedecisions,evenifthey’resmalldecisions,cangolongwaytowardsreclaimingtheirpower.可知不要只是带你的朋友去吃饭，问问他们什么时候在哪里吃饭。让他们做决定，即使是很小的决定，也能帮助他们重获力量。由此可知，上文提到了完全接管朋友的生活可能会让朋友压力太大，结合后文提到了“让他们做决定”，让朋友做决定意味着要给朋友选择权，故本句应当是说明要给朋友提供选择。B选项中options与后文中decisions为同义词。故B选项“你应该给他们提供选择”符合语境，故选B。第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。I'dliketoshareastoryfromover25yearsagothatchangedmylife.DuringavacationtriptoCalifornia,Imanagedto___21___sometimetostaywithfamilyfriendsinnorthernCaliforniabutthatmeantintheshorttimeIneededtofindmywaytothebusstation,some30milesaway.Beingapoorstudent,Ihadlittle___22___togetthere.Itiredtocallvarious___23___buttheywerealltoo___24___topickmeup.Then,Igotonepersononthephonewho___25___totransportmewithlimited___26___!Hecametopickmeupabout45minuteslater.Thedriverwas___27___andIrememberwondering___28___thetaxididn’thaveameter.Thedriverwassokind.HeknewIwasupsetsohe___29___mewithstoriesandgoodconversation.HesaidIlookedlikehis___30___.Atonepoint,Iaskedhimwhyhe___31___solittleparedtotheothers.Then,heexplainedthathewasactually___32___andhadn’t___33___hisnumberfromthephonebook.WhenIcalled,clearly___34___,hefeltthatheshouldetohelp.Thismandroveanhourtohelpa___35___hedidn’tknowforafeethatbarelycoveredhisgas,ifthat!Thisman’s___36___warmsmyhearteverytimeIthinkofhim.___37___,Ididn’tgethisnameandhisfacehassincefadedfrommymemory.Butheisonmy___38___oftenandIwishIcouldthankhim___39___.“ThankyouMr.AngelTaxi-Man!Ihopeyourgranddaughterknowswhata___40___grandfathershehas!"21.A.spend B.spare C.waste D.kill22.A.money B.time C.energy D.effort23.A.train B.tram C.ferry D.taxis24.A.reasonable B.unbelievable C.expensive D.cheap25.A.refused B.agreed C.asked D.tried26.A.distances B.funds C.space D.time27.A.old B.young C.rich D.poor28.A.when B.why C.where D.how29.A.laughed B.helped C.distracted D.absorbed30.A.granddaughter B.grandson C.friend D.daughter31.A.charged B.paid C.cost D.took32.A.graduated B.lost C.retired D.recovered33.A.changed B.removed C.converted D.corrected34.A.astonished B.pleased C.eager D.upset35.A.relative B.neighbour C.stranger D.student36.A.kindness B.intelligence C.caution D.care37.A.Luckily B.Surprisingly C.Regretfully D.Anxiously38A.shoulder B.mind C.work D.relaxation39.A.inperson B.inall C.inadvance D.inbrief40.A.powerful B.grateful C.useful D.wonderful【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.B27.A28.B29.C30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一件令作者难忘的事．在一次旅途中作者缺钱，通过联系到一位司机，那位善良的司机答应她收取很少的费用，因为司机想帮助别人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次去加利福尼亚的度假旅行中，我设法抽出一些时间和北加州的家人朋友呆在一起，但这意味着在很短的时间内我需要到达30英里外的汽车站。A.spend花费；B.spare留出；C.waste浪费；D.kill杀死。根据本句中的DuringavacationtriptoCalifornia可知，作者在度假期间挤出时间去看望家人朋友。sparesometimetodosth.意为“抽出一些时间做某事”，是固定搭配，故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个穷学生，我几乎没有钱去那里。A.money金钱；B.time时间；C.energy精力；D.effort努力。和本句中的原因状语Beingapoorstudent照应，因为作者是一个穷学生，所以没有多少钱。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试着叫出租车，但都太贵了，不能接我。A.train火车；B.tram电车；C.ferry渡轮；D.taxis出租车。根据下文Thedriverwas___7___andIrememberwondering___8___thetaxididn’thaveameter可知，作者是打算乘坐出租车去车站，并且taxi(出租车)在下文复现，故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我试着叫出租车，但都太贵了，接不上我。A.reasonable合理的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.cheap便宜的。和上文的Beingapoorstudent,Ihadlittle___2___togetthere照应，乘坐出租车对于一个穷学生来说太贵了。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我接到一个人的，他同意了很低的价钱来接我！A.refused拒绝；B.agreed同意；C.asked要求；D.tried尝试。根据下文Hecametopickmeupabout45minuteslater(他45分钟后来接我)可知是作者找到一个同意来接我的司机。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我接到一个人的，他同意了很低的价钱来接我！A.distances距离；B.funds资金；C.space空间；D.time时间。和上文的Beingapoorstudent,Ihadlittle___2___togetthere照应，此处指作者资金有限。故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：司机年纪很大了，我那时还纳闷出租车为什么没有计价器。A.old老的；B.young年轻的；C.rich富有的；D.poor贫穷的。根据文章最后一句ThankyouMr.AngelTaxi-Man!Ihopeyourgranddaughterknowswhata___20___grandfathershehas!(谢谢你，天使出租车司机先生！我希望你的孙女知道她有多么好的祖父！)可知，这个司机年纪很大了。故选A项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：司机年纪很大大了，我那时还纳闷出租车为什么没有计价器。根据空后的thetaxididn’thaveameter(这辆出租车没有计价器)及常识可知，此处表示作者那时还纳闷为什么出租车里没有计量里程的计价器。wonderwhy意为“好奇为什么”，故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到我心烦意乱，因此他用讲故事、交谈的方式来分散我的注意力。A.laughed笑；B.helped帮助；C.distracted分心；D.absorbed专心。联系上下文，空前表示他知道我心烦意乱，空后表示用讲故事、交谈的方式，可根据逻辑推理出，此处是用讲故事、交谈的方式来分散我的注意力，让作者不再烦心，故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说我看起来像他的孙女。A.granddaughter孙女；B.grandson孙子；C.friend朋友；D.daughter女儿。根据下文的Ihopeyourgranddaughterknowswhata___20___grandfathershehas!(我希望你的孙女知道她有多么好的爷爷！)可知，此处指他说作者看起来像他的孙女。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问他为什么和其他人相比收费这么低。A.charged收费；B.paid支付；C.cost花费；D.took拿取。根据常识可知，因为作者叫了出租车，所以应该付给司机钱，因此这里指作者询问他为什么和其他人相比索要这么少钱。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他解释说，他实际上已经退休，尚未来得及将出租号码销掉。A.graduated毕业；B.lost失去；C.retired退休；D.recovered康复。根据上文已知司机年纪大了以及根据本句中的hadn’t___13___hisnumberfromthephonebook可推知，司机已经退休，尚未来得及将出租号码销掉。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他解释说，他实际上已经退休，尚未来得及将出租号码销掉。A.changed更改；B.removed移去；C.converted转换；D.corrected更正。因为已经退休，所以是应该将出租号码销掉。故选B项。34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我跟他打时，我显然很不高兴，他觉得他应该来帮忙。A.astonished惊讶的；B.pleased高兴的；C.eager急切的；D.upset心烦意乱的。根据上文的HeknewIwasupset可知，此处指作者在打时，我很心烦意乱。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个人驱车时来帮助一个素不相识的陌生人，挣取勉强够支付油费的钱，如果是这样的话！A.relative亲戚；B.neighbour邻居；C.stranger陌生人；D.student学生。根据文章以及本句的定语从句hedidn’tknow可知，他驱车来帮助一个素不相识的陌生人。故选C项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我想起他，他的善良就温暖了我的心。A.kindness善良；B.intelligence聪明；C.caution谨慎；D.care关心。根据文章以及上文中的hefeltthatheshouldetohelp可知，我是一个穷学生，而这位出租车司机愿意来帮助我，可推理知他非常善良，因此此处是他的善良温暖作者的心，故选A项。【37题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，我不知道他的名字，我也记不清他的样貌。A.Luckily幸运的是；B.Surprisingly出人意料的是；C.Regretfully遗憾的是；D.Anxiously焦急地。根据本句中的Ididn’tgethisnameandhisfacehassincefadedfrommymemory可知，他给予了作者帮助，作者却不知道他的名字，因此很遗憾。故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我却在心中时常想起他，我希望我能亲自感谢他。A.shoulder肩膀；B.mind脑海；C.work工作；D.relaxation放松。根据上文hisfacehassincefadedfrommymemory及连接词but可知，尽管作者记不清他的样貌，但作者却在心中时常想起他。mind符合逻辑关系，故选B项。【39题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我却在心中时常想起他，我希望我能亲自感谢他。A.inperson亲自；B.inall总之；C.inadvance提前；D.inbrief简言之。根据上文Thismandroveanhourtohelpa___15___hedidn’tknow可知这位司机帮助了我这个陌生人，我很想亲自感激他。inperson表示“亲自”，符合逻辑关系。故选A项。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望你的孙女知道她有一个多好的爷爷！A.powerful强大的；B.grateful感激的；C.useful有用的；D.wonderful棒极的。根据上文Thismandroveanhourtohelpa___15___hedidn’tknow可知这位司机帮助了作者这个陌生人，因此作者认为他是一个棒极了的人，所以希望他的孙女知道她有一个多好的爷爷。故选D项。【点睛】完形填空会使用一些关键词围绕主线贯穿全文。这些关键词可能会重复出现，也可能会以其他形式出现(例如同义词、近义词、上义词等)。如第3小题，根据下文Thedriverwas___7___andIrememberwondering___8___thetaxididn’thaveameter可知，作者是打算乘坐出租车去车站，并且taxi(出租车)在下文复现，故选D项。第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Oneweekend,RobertaUrsrey’sfamilywenttotheseasideforatravel.Atfirst,everythingwentwell.Butsuddenly,RobertaUrsreysawhertwosons____41____(struggle)againstthetide100yardsoutfromshore.SeveralotherUrsreyfamilymembersalongwithanearbycouple,jumpedinthewater____42____(help)themand____43____(catch)inthetide.Therewasn’talifegu