2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷

I.ListeningComprehension1．(★)A．Hewillreview2morelessons．

B．Hewillstudytheother20lessons．

C．Hewillgooverthe13lessons．

D．Hewillstudyallthe15lessons．2．(★)A．Hisinjurykepthimathome

B．Hedidn'tthinkitnecessary．

C．Hewastooweaktoseethedoctor．

D．Hefailedtomakeanappointment．3．(★)A．Thepostoffice．

B．MonroeStreet．

C．Thecourthouse．

D．FourthAvenue．4．(★)A．Disappointed．

B．Approving．

C．Concerned．

D．Doubtful．5．(★)A．Heplayedhispartquitewell．

B．Hewasnotdramaticenough．

C．Heperformedbetterthanthesecretary．

D．Heexaggeratedhispart．6．(★★★)A．Hewroteabookaboutgreatrestaurants．

B．Healwaysmakesreservationsfordinner．

C．Hereadabookwhilehewaseatingdinner．

D．Healwaysfindsgoodplacestoeat．7．(★★★)A．Heisafraidhewon'tbechosenforthetrip．

B．Thebosshasnotdecidedwheretogo．

C．Suchatripisnecessaryforthecompany．

D．It'snotcertainwhetherthetripwilltakeplace．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第1页。8．(★★)A．It'stooexpensivetogettheapartmentfurnished．

B．Thefurnitureheboughtwasverycheap．

C．Theapartmentwasprovidedwithsomeoldfurniture．

D．it'shardtofindproperfurnitureforhisapartment．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第1页。9．(★★)A．Sheisintendedtoworkfortheschoolnewspaper．

B．Themancansparesometimereadingschoolnewspaper．

C．Themanhasaverytightschedule．

D．Themanshouldhavetakenmorethanfiveclasses．10．(★★)A．WhetherthemeetingiscertainlytobeheldonMonday．

B．Whatbadnewswillbetalkedaboutatthemeeting．

C．Whattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeeting．

D．Wherethemeetingistobeheld．11．(★★★)（1）A．Appropriatenessoftheprograms．

B．Theoperationofnationalprograms．

C．Theincomesofthecorporation．

D．Thewelfareofthestaff．

（2）A．Bydonationsfromthepublic．

B．Bysellingitsprograms．

C．Bysellingbroadcastingdevices．

D．Bygettingsupportfromtheroyals．

（3）A．Itshumorousstyles．

B．Therichnessofitsprograms．

C．Famousnewsannouncers．

D．Itsneutralviewsonnews．12．(★★★)（1）A．Socialprogressandindividualdevelopment．

B．Humanbehaviorsandsocialchanges．

C．Generalconceptsaboutpsychologyandsociology．

DRelationshipbetweenculturesandhumanbehaviors．

（2）A．Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety？

B．Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutioninasociety？

C．Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior？

D．Whydoesonesocietyprogressmorerapidlythananother？

（3）A．Bothpsychologyandsociologystudyhumanbehavior．

B．Mentalproblemsshouldbedealtwithbyasociologist．

C．Sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior．

D．Psychologypaysmoreattentiontoindividualsthantogroups．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第2页。13．(★★★)（1）A．Itlooksintoopinionsthatpeopleholdaboutoldage．

B．Itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldage．

C．Itinvestigatescausesofoldpeople'sunhappiness．

D．Itrevealsthesecretoflivinglonger．

（2）A．Arisepeople'sawarenessofcaringfortheold．

B．Encouragepeopletobemoreresponsiblefortheold．

C．Helppeoplechangetheirfeelingsaboutoldage．

D．Easepeoplesfearandanxietyaboutmentalillnessoftheold．

（3）A．Theyaremostlyamongthe60-70agegroup．

B．Theyaremostlyabandonedbytheirfamilies．

C．Peopledonotbecomemorelonelybecauseofoldage．

DPeopleamonganyagegrouparenotlonelyatall．

（4）A．Theyarechangingsuddenlyandcompletelyataparticularage．

B．It'shardtorecognizeapersonwhenheisturningold．

C．Oldpeoplecan'tdealwitheventsandproblemsproperly．

D．Peopledonotchangeinoldagealotmorethaninmiddleage．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第2页。

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第3页。14．(★★★)AuntJaneisnowwelloverseventy，butsheisstillagreatcinema-goer．Thecinemainourtowncloseddownyearsagoandsometimesshehastotraveltwentymilesormoretoseeagoodfilm．AndonceamonthatleastshegoesuptoLondontosee（1）（late）foreignfilms．Ofcourseshecouldseemostofthesefilmsontelevision，buttheideadoesnotattracther．"Itisn'tthesame，"shesays．"Foronething，thescreen'stoosmall．Besides，Ilikegoingtothecinema!"

However，onethingwhichhasalwayspuzzledusisthat（2）AuntJanehaslotsoffriendsandenjoyscompany，shealwaysgoestothecinemaalone．Wediscoveredthereasonforthisonlyrecently-fromMother．"ItmaysurpriseyoutoleanthatAuntJanewantedtobeanactresswhenshewasyoung，"shetoldus．"Sheusedtowaitoutsidefilmstudiosallday，just（3）（appear）incrowdscenes．Youraunthasprobablyappearedindozensoffilms．Sometimesshedidnotevenknowthenameofthefilmthey（4）（make）．Therefore，shecouldn'tgotosee（5）inthefilmatthecinema!

"Allthetime，ofcourse，shewaslookingforasmallpartinafilm．Herbigchancecame（6）theystartedtomakeafilminourtown．Janemanagedtomeetthedirectoratapartyandheofferedher（7）roleasashopkeeper．Itreallywasaverysmallpart，butitwasanimportantmomentforJane．Beforethegreatevent，sherehearsedfordays．Infact，sheturnedthesitting-roomintoashop!Weallhadtohelp，goingtoandoutoftheshop（8）shecouldrememberherwordsperfectlyAnd（9）theactualdayshewasmarvelous．Janethoughtthatthiswasthebeginningofherfilmcareer!

"Unfortunately，intheend，theydidnotincludetheshopsceneinthefilm．ButnobodytoldJane!WhenthefilmfirstappearedinLondon，shetookallherfriendstoseeit．Andofcourseshewasn'tinit!Itwasaterribleblow!Shestopped（10）（go）tofilmstudiosandgaveuptheideaofbecominganactress．Shestilllovesthecinema，asyouallknow，butfromthatdayshehasalwaysgonealone!"2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第3页。

SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．(★★★)Whetheryou'retryingtobegoodatPhotoshop，orstepupyourtennisgame，ormasterabanjo（班卓琴）song，you'reprobably（1）followingtheage-oldadvicethatpracticemakesperfect．However，contrarytopopularbelief，doingthesamethingoverandoveragainmightnotbethemostefficientwaytolearnforeignconcepts．

Traditionally，we'retaughtusingthe"blocking"strategy．Thisinstructsustogooverasingleideaagainandagainuntilwe'vemasteredit，before（2）tothenextconcept．Butseveralnewneurological（神经学的（3）showthatanupandcominglearningmethodcalled"interleaving"improvesourabilitytokeepandperformnewskillsoveranytraditionalmeansbyleapsandbounds．

Whatinterleavingdoesistospaceoutlearningoveralongerperiodoftime，andit（4）theinformationweencounterwhenlearninganewskill．So，forexample，insteadoflearningonebanjochordatatimeuntilyou（5）it，youtraininseveralatonceandinshorterbursts．

Oneofthepracticalwaysyoucanuseinterleavingtotrainyourbraintopickupnewskillsquicklyandeffectivelyistopracticemultiple（6）skillsatonce．

Whetheryou'retryingtoimproveyourmotorskillsorcognitive（认知的）learningabilities，thekeyto（7）howyourbrainprocessesnewyourbrainprocessesnewinformationistobreakoutofthehabitoflearningonepartofaskillatatime．Theadvantageofthismethodisthatyourbraindoesn'tgetcomfortableorstoreinformationinyourshort-termmemory．Instead，interleavingcausesyourbrainto（8）focusandproblem-solveeverystepoftheway，resultingininformationgettingstoredinyourlong-termmemoryinstead．

Interleavingdoesn'tcutanycomers，soyourbrainisalwayson（9）．Thinkofthedifferencebetweenblockingandinterleavinglikeaboxerwhopracticesone（10）overandoveragainversusaboxerwhopracticesbysparringinthering．Inthering，youhavetobereadyforanything．Itmakesyoufasterandsharper．A．parallelB．curvesC．dutifullyD．guardE．transforming

F．proceedingG．studiesH．perfectI．intenselyJ．move

K．randomizes

III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第4页。16．(★★)Since1960，considerablescientificresearcheshavebeendoneonchimpsintheirnaturalhabitats．Astonishingly，scientistshavefoundoutthatthesocial（1）ofChimpsareverysimilartohumans．Chimpswill（2）incertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory．Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinctto（3）oneanother．Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves．Evenchimpmothersregularly（4）tosharefoodwiththeirchildren．whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood？

Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon't（5）sharefoodeither．Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage，hewillpull（6）-hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot．Chimpsaretrulyselfish．

Humanchildren，（7），areextremelycooperativeFromtheearliestages，theydecidetohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals．ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthis（8）inaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren．Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp．

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturally（9）inyoungchildren．Oneisthatthese（10）appearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehave（11）Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded．Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence（12）inchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitiveskills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimpsIntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthe（13）worldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld．

Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality．Partofthisabilityisthattheycan（14）whatothersknoworarethinking．Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose．Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we"，agroupthatintendstoworktowarda（n）（15）goal．

2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第5页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第4页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第5页。（1）AstructuresB．policiesC．behaviorsD．responsibilities（2）A．conflictBcooperateC．offendDnegotiate（3）A．trustB．contactC．isolateD．help（4）A．declineB．manageC．attemptD．oblige（5）A．curiouslyB．reluctantlyC．naturallyD．carelessly（6）A．inturnB．atrandomC．withcareDinadvance（7）A．allinallB．asaresultC．innocaseD．ontheotherhand（8）AcooperativenessB．availabilityC．interrelationshipD．attractiveness（9）A．cultivatedB．motivatedC．possessedD．stimulated（10）A．attitudesB．instinctsC．experiencesD．coincidences（11）A．creativelyB．formallyC．sociallyD．competitively（12）A．developsB．decreasesC．changesD．disappears（13）A．abstractB．invisibleC．imaginaryD．physical（14）A．inferB．adaptC．absorbD．balance（15）A．realisticB．sharedC．specificD．ambitious

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第6页。17．(★★★)Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends．Nitrogen（氮）dissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure．Theconsequence，ifthebubblesaccumulate（累积）inajoint，issharppainandabentbody-thusthename．Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain，theconsequencecanbedeath．

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression（减压）sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast：whales，forexample．Andso，longago，didichthyosaurs．Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones．Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply．Thiskillsthecellsinthebone，andconsequentlyweakensit，sometimestothepointofcollapse．Fossilbonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends．

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast．Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears．Tothisend，heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural-historymuseums，lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods．

Whenhestarted，heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils，reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression．Instead，hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite．Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied，butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（标本）showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury．

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans，theyclearlydidsoquickly-and，moststrangely，theylostitafterwards．ButthatisnotwhatDr．Rothschildthinkshappened．Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange．

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（掠食性动物）suchasalargeshark．OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles，bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches．Triassicoceans，bycontrast，weremercifullysharkandcrocodile-free．IntheTriassic，then，ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain．IntheJurassicandCretaceous，theywereprey（猎物）aswellaspredator-andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult．

（1）Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends？

A．Atwistedbody．

B．Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply．

C．Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood．

D．Adropinbloodpressure．

（2）ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistosee．

A．howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends

B．howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression

C．whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies

D．whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones

（3）Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4．

A．confirmedhisassumption

B．speededuphisresearchprocess

C．disagreedwithhisassumption

D．changedhisresearchobjectives

（4）Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs．

A．failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans

B．graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends

C．diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D．evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第6页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第7页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第7页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第8页。18．(★★)Howeverwealthywemaybe，wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant．Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost，whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone'stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse．

Everyhourofourtimehasavalue．Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoinganother，orbesleepingorwatchingafilm．Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost-namely，whattheycostusinmissedopportunities．

Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium．Whynot，youmightreason，watchthegamefromhomeandusethe[leftovermoneyandtime]tohavedinnerwithfriends？This-thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime-istheopportunitycost．

Foreconomists，everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo-intermsofmoneyandenjoyment-inordertotakeitup．Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton，yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed，morereasonabledecisions．Considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall：there'snosuchthingasafreelunch．Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree，thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities．

Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging：imaginespendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable．Yet，inasenseit'shumannaturetodopreciselythatweassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime．

Inthebusinessworld，apopularphraseis"valueformoney．"Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible．However，anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage："valuefortime．"Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething，sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime．Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities，suchassleepingandeating．Inreturn，however，thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist，closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions．

（1）Accordingtothepassage，theconceptof"opportunitycost"isappliedto．

A．makingmoremoney

B．takingmoreopportunities

C．reducingmissedopportunities

D．weighingthechoiceofopportunities

（2）The"leftovermoneyandtime"inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime．

A．sparedforwatchingthematchathome

B．takentohavedinnerwithfriends

C．spentonthewaytoandfromthematch

D．savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch

（3）Whatareforgoneopportunities？

A．Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision-making．

B．Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones．

C．Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally．

D．Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第8页。2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第9页。19．(★★)Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep，dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol．Indreams，awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak．Acenturyago，Freudstatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguised（伪装的）shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears；bythelate1970s，neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"-therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep．Nowresearcherssuspectthat[dreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat]，regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis"off-line"．Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyinfluencedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol，tohelpussleepandfeelbetter．"It'syourdream，"saysRosalindCartwright，chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter．"Ifyoudon'tlikeit，changeit．"

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic．Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight，progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening，suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgenerated（产生）duringtheday．Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylife，wedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until，itappears，webegintodream．

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious．Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrepeatedbaddreams．Assoonasyouawaken，identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream．Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead；thenexttimeitoccurs，trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse．Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto，literally，doitintheirsleep．

Attheendoftheday，there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor"wewakeupinapanic，"Cartwrightsays．Terrorism，economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety．Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist．Fortherestofus，thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeeling．Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning．

（1）Bysayingthat"dreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat"inparagraph1，theresearchersmeanthat．

A．dreamscanhelpuskeepourmoodcomparativelystable

B．dreamscanbebroughtunderconsciouscontrol

C．dreamsrepresentourunconsciousdesiresandfears

D．wecanthinklogicallyinthedreamstoo

（2）Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto．

A．becomeworseinourunconsciousmind

B．developintohappydreams

C．persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D．showupindreamsearlyatnight

（3）Cartwrightbelievedwithmuchpractice，wecanlearnto．

A．controlwhatdreamstodream

B．sleepwellwithoutanydreams

C．wakeupintimetostopthebaddreams

D．identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedreams

（4）Cartwrightmightadvisethosewhosometimeshavebaddreamsto．

A．leadtheirlifeasusual

B．seekprofessionalhelp

C．exerciseconsciouscontrol

D．avoidanxietyinthedaytime2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第9页。

SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．(★★)A．Therhythmoflifeisaslightbeat

B．Expertssayeveryaspectofhumanbodiesisinfluencedbydailyrhythms．

C．JennyHopeclaimstohavetestedherbodyclockstothelimit．

D．Thisisakeyreasonwhyshiftworkcancausesomanyproblems．

E．Manypeoplestudythestateoftheirbio-thythmsbeforemakingtheirdailyplans．

F．Suchadangerouscombinationnevergavetheirbodiesnaturalrhythmsachancetosettledown．RhythmofLife2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第10页。Choosingtherighttimetosleep，thecorrectmomenttomakedecisions，thebesthourtoeat-andevengointohospital-couldbeyourkeytoperfecthealth．

Centuriesaftermandiscoveredtherhythmsoftheplanetsandthecyclesofcrops，scientistshavelearnedthatwetoolivebypreciserhythmsthatgoverneverythingfromourbasicbodilyfunctionstomentalskills．Manisaprisoneroftime．

Butit'snotjusttheexpertswhoareswitchingontothewayourbodieswork．（1）

PrinceCharlesconsultsachartwhichtellshimwhenhewillbeathispeakonaphysical，emotionalandintellectuallevel．BoxerFrankBrunoisanotherwhochartshisbio-rhythmstoplanforbigfights．

（2）Sleep，bloodpressure，hormonelevelsandheartbeatallfollowtheirownclocks，whichmaybearonlyslightrelationtoourman-made24-hourcycle．

Researchshowsthatinlaboratoryexperimentswhensocialsignalsand，mostimportantly，lightindicatorssuchasdawnaretakenaway，peoplelosetouchwiththe24-hourclockandsleepingpattemschange．Temperatureandheartbeatcycleslengthenandsettleinto"days"lastingabout25hours．

Intherealworld，lightanddarkkeepadjustinginternalclocktothe24-hourday．Butthebestindicatorofperformanceisbodytemperature．Asitfallsfroma10p．m．highof37.2℃toapre-dawnlowof36.1℃，mentalfunctionsfalltoo．（3）

ThemostfamousexampleisthenuclearaccidentatThreeMileIslandintheUS．Thethreeoperatorsinthecontrolroomworkedalternatingweeksofday，eveningandnightshifts．（4）Investigatorsbelievethiscausedtheworkerstooverlookawarminglightandfailtocloseanopenvalve．

Findingthesecretofwhatmakesustickhaslongfascinatedscientistsandworkdoneoverthelastdecadehasyieldedimportantclues．Theaimistohelpusbecomemoreefficient．Forexample，thetimeweeatmaybeimportantifwewanttomaximizeintellectualorsportingperformance．Thereisalreadyevidencesuggestingthatthetimewhenmedicineisgiventopatientsaffectshowwellitworks．2018年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷全文共12页，当前为第10页。

IV.SummaryWriting21．(★★★★)Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．

QuietVirtue：TheConscie