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Negotiation2021/5/91ConceptsApproachesStages2021/5/92Concepts-whatisnegotiationNegotiationisaprocessofinteraction,bywhichtwoormorepartieswhoneedtobejointlyinvolvedinanoutcomebutwhoinitiallyhavedifferentobjectives,seekbytheuseofargumentandpersuasion,toresolvetheirdifferencesinordertoachieveamutuallyacceptablesolution.2021/5/93Concepts-basiccharacteristicsNegotiationinvolvestwoormoreparties
Thepartiesmustneedeachother’sinvolvementinachievingsomejointlydesiredoutcome
Thepartiesstartwithdifferentinterestsandobjectives,andthesedifferencespreventtheachievementofanoutcome.Eachpartymustconsiderthatthereissomepossibilityofpersuadingtheothertomodifytheirinitialposition.Eachpartymustretainhopeofanoutcomewhichtheycanaccept,andsomeconceptofwhatthisoutcomemightbe.Eachpartymusthavesomedegreeofpowerovertheother’sabilitytoact.Thenegotiatingprocessitselfisessentiallyoneofinteractionbetweenpeople–primarilydirectverbalinter-communication,thoughinsomecaseswithasignificantwrittenelement.2021/5/94ApproachesDistributiveApproachIntegrativeApproach2021/5/95DistributiveApproachNegotiationinwhichstrategicinfluenceandguardinginformationhavepriorityoverdialogueandrelationshipisfrequentlydescribedasadistributiveapproach.2021/5/96IntegrativeApproachNegotiationbasedonco-creationofunderstandingsabouttheproblemandanintegrationofparties’needsisknownasanintegrativeapproach.2021/5/97ApproachestoNegotiationIntegrativeNegotiation
DistributiveNegotiationOpensharingofinformation HiddeninformationTradeoffofvaluedinterests DemandofinterestsInterest-baseddiscussion PositionaldiscussionMutualgoals SelfgoalsProblemsolving ForcingExplanation ArgumentRelationshipbuilding RelationshipsacrificingHardonproblem Hardonpeople2021/5/98Stages
Fourmainstages
whathappensbeforenegotiationbeginswhathappensatthebeginningoftheactualnegotiationwhathappensinthecourseoftheactualnegotiationwhathappensattheendoftheactualnegotiation2021/5/99Stage1:BeforenegotiationbeginsPreparationandplanning—researchingthebackgroundandplanningspecificbargainingploys
Settingbargainingobjectives.AtoplineobjectiveAbottomlineobjectiveAtargetobjectiveBATNA—bestalternativetonoagreementAssessingtheotherside’scase.Assessingrelativestrengthsandweaknesses.2021/5/910Stage1:BeforenegotiationbeginsDevelopingastrategyWhatstylewillIadopt?CollaboratingControllingAccommodatingCompromisingAvoidingWhattacticswillIuse?2021/5/911Stage2:GettingstartedEstablishingaproperatmosphere,gettingtoknoweachotherOpeningthenegotiationSettingtheagenda2021/5/912Stage3:BargainingMajorphaseinthewholeprocess
BuildingunderstandingGettinginformationanddefininginitialpositions
TestingargumentsandpositionsGettingandmakingconcessionsBreakingdeadlocksMovingtowardsanagreement2021/5/913Stage4:ClosingClosingadealintherightwayattherighttimeFormulatinganagreementEnsuringimplementationincludeanimpl
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