进港时间优化

IMOModelCourse4.05EnergyEfficientOperationofShipsLecture02-7:Just-in-TimeOperationandVirtualArrivalHangzhou,China8to9December2016DrZabiBazariEnergyandEmissionsSolutionsLondon,UKJustinTime-DefinitionJustinTime(JIT):Conceptandpracticeoriginatefrommanufacturingindustry.Inthatindustry,itisusedasthemainmethodtoreducetheinventorylevelsandassociatedcosts.Incaseofshipping,JITnormallyreferstoprocessforreducingthewaitingandidleperiodsofshipoperations.JITappliestobothship’spassageandportoperations.Forvoyageoptimisation,allaspectsofplanning,execution,monitoringandreviewofavoyageareincludedinthisconcept.VirtualArrivalisanewoperationalconceptthataimstoremovebarrierstoJIToperationandreduceport-leveldelays.JustinTime–Whyship’swaiting/inactivity?Thecommercialships’movementisinfluencedbymanyfactors(belowbullets).Theowner/operatorinterestsandcontractualrequirements.Therequirementsof“cargoowner”(mainlycharterers)onwhenandwherethecargoshouldbeloadedanddischarged.Theslottinginportsintermsofberthavailabilityorcargospaceavailability.Earlyarrivalandcompetingforearlyloading/dischargeiscommonindustrypractice.Regulatoryissuesthatmayleadtopreventionofentrytocertainportsordetentionforsomeperiodsoftime.Thelosttimeislateronnormallyrecoveredviaover-speeding.Technicalfailuresthatleadstolossofshipavailability.Lackofbusiness(cargo),resultinginshortorlongidletimes.JustinTime–Mainplayers?

Theimprovementtoshipitineraryrequireseffortsbyallpartiesinvolved.Charterer(operationdepartment):Thechartererisultimatelyresponsiblefordecisionmakingonshipitineraryandoverallsteamingspeed.Ordersissuedbythecharterertoshiparenormallythebasisforshipmovement.Shipmaster/operator:Themaster,basedonordersreceived,willoperatetheshipandwillensurethatthedesignateddatesandtimesareachieved,withinthetermsofthecharterparty.Portauthorities:Theywouldinfluencetheplansdrawnbybothchartererandmasterthroughplanningoftheportoperation.Itistheinteractionbetweentheabovepartiesthatleadstotheactual(achieved)shipitinerary.JustinTime–BestpracticeforimprovementsAvoidwaitingperiodsinallphasesofavoyageormodesofoperation.Aimforearlycommunicationswiththenextportinordertogivemaximumnoticeofberthavailabilityandfacilitatetheuseofoptimumspeed.Encouragegoodcommunicationsbetweenfleetdepartment,masterandcharterer.Improvecargohandlingoperationandavoiddelaysatberthtotheextentpossible.Avoidgoingfastinshallowwaters.Reducespeedinshallowwaters,ifpossible.JustinTime-Barriers

Charterpartyconstraints:Theseincludeclausesonvariousaspectsofshipoperationthatpracticallyrestrictseffortsforenergyefficiency.Weatherconstraints:Theweatherimpactiswellknown.Tolimitthisimpact,weatherinformationandweatherroutingcanbeused.Routeconstraint:Therouteofthevesselmayinvolvechannelcrossing,passingthroughpirateareasandalsoneedforoperationssuchasbunkering.Portconstraints:Variousportsimposevariousconstraintsonvessels.Onemajoraspectisthecompetitionbetweenvariousshipstoarriveatportofdestinationinordertobeatthequeue.Othership/owner/chartererspecificconstraints:Thesearespecificconstraintsthatmayapplybyvariouspartiesinvolvedinshipoperation.VirtualArrival–Whatisit?Virtualarrivalaimstoreducewaitingtimesandachievelongerpassagetimeandtherebyreducedship’svoyageaveragespeed.Asignificantlevelofenergysavingisexpectedwithvirtualarrival.Thiscouldalsoreducetheport-areaemissionssignificantly.VirtualArrivalisanenablingtechniqueforamoreJust-In-TimeshipoperationDetailedanalysis:/upload/virtualarrival/virtualarrivalinformationpaper.pdfVirtualArrival–VAProcessesIdentificationofchangeinitinerary:Mainlywithportofdestination.Agreementtonewitinerary:Thenextstepisforallpartiestoagreeonchangeofitinerary.Thiswillgivethenew“RequiredTimeofArrival”atthedestinationport.Speedadjustment:AsaresultofthenewlyagreedRequiredTimeofArrival(oritinerary),theship’sspeedortheengineRPMisreduced.ImpactofVirtualArrivalonreducingCO2emissionsSource:OCIMFandINTERTANKOVirtualArrival–NeedforAgreementonVATofacilitatetheVA,thereisaneedfornewcontractualarrangementseitheraspartofthecurrentcharterpartyoranewone(VAAgreement).AspartoftheVAAgreement,chartererandowner/operatorwillbeabletochangetheRequiredTimeofArrivalorshipitinerary.Theycanalsoagreeonthemethodologyforcalculatingvoyagedataandtheassociatedreportingrequirements.AttheendofthetriporbasedontermsofVAAgreement,thevoyageestimates,financialandcontractualaspectswillbesettled.Toreducepost-voyagedisputes,agreementshouldbeinplacefor:Themethodofcalculationofthevessel'svoyageperformanceThespeedandotherdatatobeused,Thereportstobeissuedandbywhomandthereport’stiming.JustinTime–OtherbenefitsFuelsavingisthemainpurpose.Otherbenefitslistedbelow.Pollutantsreductions:Inproportiontofuelconsumptionreduction.Releasingshipforotheractivities:Forexampledadditionaltimecanbeusedforplannedmaintenanceactivities,statutorysurveys,crewchangesorvesselstoring.Theimprovedplanningofin-portactivities:Operationscanbeplannedwellinadvanceanduncertaintiesassociatedwithwaitingtimeandperiodsatanchorarereduced.Portbenefits:Virtualarrival,byvirtueofreducingwaitinginportarea,hasmanybenefitstoportsincludinglessportcongestion,lessemissions,reducednoiseandenhanced