外文翻译二二

外文资料AninvestigationoftheexistingsituationandtrendsinbuildingenergyefficiencymanagementinChinaAbstractAccordingtotheChineseStateCouncil’s‘‘BuildingEnergyEfficiencyManagementOrdinance’’,alarge-scaleinvestigationofenergyefficiency(EE)inbuildingsincontemporaryChinahasbeencarriedoutin22provincialcapitalsandmajorcitiesinChina.Theaimofthisprojectistoprovidereliableinformationfordrawingupthe‘‘Decisiononreinforcingbuildingenergyefficiency’’bytheMinistryofConstructionofChina.Thesurveyedorganizationsincludegovernmentdepartments,researchinstitutions,propertydevelopers,designinstitutions,constructioncompanies,constructionconsultancyservicescompanies,facilitymanagementdepartments,financialinstitutionsandthosewhichrelatetothebusinessofbuildingenergyefficiency.Inaddition,representativesofthemediaandresidentswerealsoinvolved.Adetailedanalysisoftheresultsoftheinvestigationconcerningaspectsofthecurrentsituationandtrendsinbuildingenergyconsumption,energyefficiencystrategyandtheimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasureshasbeenconducted.Theinvestigationsuppliesessentialinformationtoformulatethemarketentrancepolicyfornewbuildingsandtherefurbishmentpolicyforexistingbuildingstoencouragethedevelopmentofenergyefficienttechnology.Keywords:Energyefficiency(EE);Building;Survey;Policy;Legislation;Reform;China1．IntroductionFuturetrendsinChina’senergywillhaveconsiderableconsequencesforbothChinaandtheglobalenvironment.AlthoughChina’scarbonemissionsarelowonapercapitabasis,Chinahasbeenalreadyrankedtheworld’ssecondlargestproducerofcarbon,behindonlytheUSA.China’sbuildingssectorcurrentlyaccountsfor23%ofChina’stotalenergyuseandthisisprojectedtoincreasetoone-thirdby2010.Chinahassetatargetfora50%reductionofenergyconsumptionforbuildings.EnergypolicyplaysanimportantroleinChina’ssustainabledevelopment.Improvingenergyefficiencyinbuildingsisoneofthemostcost-effectivemeasuresforreducingCO2emission,whichisrecognisedasoneofthemaincausesofglobalwarming.TheclimateinChinaisverydiverse.Accordingtothenational‘‘StandardofClimaticRegionalizationforArchitecture’’GB50178-93,Chinaisdividedintothefollowingzonesbasedonclimatecharacteristics:verycold,cold,hotsummerandcoldwinter,hotsummerandwarmwinter,andmoderate.Airconditioningandheatingrequirementsfordifferentzonesareasfollows:intheverycoldzone,themajorrequirementisheating,andfewresidentialbuildingsareequippedwithairconditioning.Inthecoldzone,theprimaryrequirementisheating,followedbyairconditioning.Inthehotsummerandcoldwinterzone,bothairconditioningandheatingareneeded.Inthehotsummerandwarmwinterzone,themajorrequirementisairconditioningandfewresidentialbuildingsrequireheating.Insomepartsofthemoderatezone,heatingisneeded;inotherparts,bothheatingandairconditioningareneeded.Theavailabilityofheatingandairconditioningdependsonseveralfactors,includingthedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentinanarea,theavailabilityofenergysuppliesandtherequirementsforenvironmentalprotectionTheChinesegovernmenthasfocusedonenergyefficiencyinbuildingssincethe1980s,andnumerousstandards,buildingcodes,incentivepoliciesandadministrativeruleshavebeenissued.Forexample,the‘‘EnergyDesignCodeforHeatedResidentialBuildingsJGJ26-86’’,‘‘EnergyDesignCodeforHeatedNewResidentialBuildingsJGJ26-95’’and‘‘TechnicalSpecificationforEnergyConservationRenovationofExistingHeatedResidentialBuildingsJGJ129-2000’’arefortheVeryColdandColdzones.The‘‘DesignStandardforEnergyEfficiencyofResidentialBuildingsintheHotSummerandColdWinterzoneJGJ134-2001’’and‘‘DesignStandardforEnergyEfficiencyofResidentialBuildingsintheHotSummerandWarmWinterzoneJGJ75-2003’’arefornon-centralheatingareas.AccordingtotheChinesegovernmenttimetable,standardsfortheenergyefficientdesignforresidentialbuildingsinallclimatezonesshouldhavetakeneffectbytheendof2003Inordertoenhancetheenergyefficiencystrategies’implementation,onbehalfoftheStateCouncil,TheMinistryofConstructionisdrawingupthe‘‘Decisiononreinforcingbuildingenergyefficiency’’,whichaimstoestablishabuildingenergyefficiencylegislationsystem,principallyusingapolicyofeconomicincentivesinordertostimulatethereforminbuildingenergyefficiency.Tofulfillthistask,alarge-scaleinvestigationhasbeencarriedoutfocusingontheawareness,understandinganddegreeofsupportforthereformofenergyefficiencyinbuildings.2.MethodologyThesurveymethodhasbeenappliedinthisinvestigation.Thequestionnairesurveyisacommonmethod,whichhasbeenusedbymanyresearchersworldwide.Adetaileddescriptionofthesurveymethodusedinthisworkisasfollows.2.1.ObjectsandsubjectsoftheinvestigationThesurveyintothe‘‘existingsituationandtrendsofbuildingenergyefficiencymanagementinChina’’wascarriedoutfromSeptember2005toFebruary2006andaimedtosupplyrealisticinformationforprovidingareliablewarrantyfordrawingupbuildingenergymanagementregulations.Extensivediscussions栏have乞bee铁nco墓nduc牲ted师with猜exp期erts爹in蹄the许coun酬try潜ino什rder腥to旺desi碑gnt含hes浮urve爸yqu时esti购onna上ire.式Abo稻ut2遭2,00效0co雹pies底of友the嫌surv旅eyq西uest酱ionn住aire腿hav询ebe旁end植istr笨ibut忧edt坐oab痰out储22p泥rovi柜ncia聪lca楼pita容lsa扮ndt狐hem怨ajor错cit杰ies痛thro衔ugho滥utt区hec侵ount卵ry.摊The习surv仍eys亲ubje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