颅骨及其连结

颅骨及其连结第一页，共36页。LocomotorSystem2Thebonyframeworkofthehead,termedtheskull(cranium)presentsthemostcomplexstructureoftheskeleton.第二页，共36页。一、颅的组成（一）脑颅cranialbones共23块（听小骨未计入）以眶上缘和外耳门上缘为界分脑颅和面颅两部。不成对的：额骨筛骨蝶骨枕骨成对的：颞骨顶骨第三页，共36页。LocomotorSystem4bonesoftheskullbonesofthefaceabovetheorbitsbelowtheearsbaseoftheskull第四页，共36页。LocomotorSystem5第五页，共36页。筛骨ethmoidbone筛板垂直板筛骨迷路第六页，共36页。蝶骨sphenoidbone小翼、大翼、翼突、体前面观体小翼大翼翼突眶上裂蝶窦口第七页，共36页。颞骨temporalbone第八页，共36页。LocomotorSystem9额骨frontalbone额鳞眶部鼻部第九页，共36页。LocomotorSystem10枕骨occipitalbone第十页，共36页。（二）面颅facialbones(内脏颅visceralcranium)共15块。不成对的：犁骨下颌骨舌骨成对的：上颌骨腭骨颧骨鼻骨泪骨下鼻甲第十一页，共36页。LocomotorSystem12frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face第十二页，共36页。下颌骨

mandible一体两支：

下颌体、下颌支、下颌角、冠突、髁突、下颌头、下颌颈、咬肌粗隆、翼肌粗隆、颏棘、颏隆凸、颏孔、下颌孔第十三页，共36页。LocomotorSystem14mandibleneckofcondylecoronoidprocessramusanglebodymentalprocess(chin)FRACTURESOFTHEMANDIBLE第十四页，共36页。舌骨hyoidbone大角小角体第十五页，共36页。上颌骨maxilla一体四突：上颌体、颧突、腭突、牙槽突、额突第十六页，共36页。(三）颅的整体观颅前面观眶骨性鼻腔骨性口腔第十七页，共36页。LocomotorSystem18frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face第十八页，共36页。眶上孔眶下孔视神经管眶上裂眶下裂眶下沟左侧眶:四壁一尖第十九页，共36页。左侧骨性鼻腔外侧壁蝶窦筛窦额窦上颌窦上鼻甲下鼻甲第二十页，共36页。额窦蝶窦（右侧）筛窦蝶窦（左侧）上颌窦下鼻甲左侧鼻旁窦第二十一页，共36页。2.颅侧面观翼点pterion第二十二页，共36页。LocomotorSystem23frontalparietaltemporalsphenoid第二十三页，共36页。LocomotorSystem24themiddlemeningealarteryLateralskullradiographshowingthevascularmarkingsofthemiddlemeningealartery第二十四页，共36页。LocomotorSystem25frontalboneparietalboneoccipitalbonetemporalbonemastoidprocessstyloidprocesszygomaticprocessexternalauditorymeatus(soundwaves)sphenoidbonecoronalsutureTheSkull–LeftLateralView第二十五页，共36页。3.颅顶面观冠状缝矢状缝人字缝顶结节第二十六页，共36页。4.颅后面观枕外隆凸矢状缝人字缝顶结节第二十七页，共36页。LocomotorSystem28occipitalboneparietalboneparietalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonesagittalsutureTheSkull–PosteriorView第二十八页，共36页。5.颅下面观第二十九页，共36页。LocomotorSystem30occipitalbonetemporalbonetemporalbonesphenoidbone(wedge-shaped)bonesoftheface–inferiorviewbonesoftheskull-inferiorview第三十页，共36页。LocomotorSystem31occipitalcondylesoccipitalbone(articulatewithvertebraC1)foramenmagnum

(transmitsspinalcord)第三十一页，共36页。LocomotorSystem32第三十二页，共36页。颅底内面颅前窝：鸡冠、筛孔颅中窝：垂体窝、视神经管颈动脉沟、破裂孔眶上裂、圆孔、卵圆孔、棘孔、三叉神经压迹颅后窝：斜坡、枕骨大孔内耳门、颈静脉孔舌下神经管内口第三十三页，共36页。（四）新生儿颅骨的特征脑颅比面颅大得多，为7:1，而成人为3:1颅囟cranialfortanelles：前囟（额囟）、后囟（枕囟）、蝶囟、乳突囟第三十四页，共36页。二、颅骨的连结