高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：与陌生人交谈的好处

高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——与陌生人交谈的好处——改编自ThebenefitsoftalkingtostrangersAccordingtosomepeople,"it'sgoodtotalk."AndonmydailycommutetoLondon,Ioftenseepeoplecarryingonconversationswithfriendsorfamilymembersoverthephone.However,itstrikesmeasoddthattheyspeakasiftheirfriendwassittingrightbesidethemwhiledisregardingthosewhoareactuallypresent.Manyofusspendtimearoundstrangerseachday,suchasduringourcommuteorwhilesittinginaparkorcafe.Butwerarelyinteractwiththem.However,newresearchsuggeststhatstartingconversationswithstrangerscanbebeneficialforourhealth.BehaviouralscientistsNicholasEpleyfromtheUniversityofChicagoandJulianaSchroederfromtheUniversityofCaliforniastudiedwhetherpeoplemisunderstandtheeffectsofdistantsocialconnections.Theyfoundthatwhenitcomestoinitiatingconversationwithstrangers,mostpeoplefeeluncomfortableandintimidated.Additionally,wetendtounderestimatehowmuchanewpersonmaylikeuswhenwestrikeupaconversation.TheresearchersconductedanexperimentinvolvingagroupofChicagocommutersandfoundthat"everyparticipantinourexperimentwhoactuallytriedtotalktoastrangerfoundthepersonsittingnexttothemwashappytochat."Otherstudiesindicatethatconnectingwithstrangersissurprisinglypleasantandhasapositiveimpactonourwell-being.SocialpsychologistGillianSandstromfromEssexUniversitynotedthat"peopleareinabettermoodaftertheyreachoutandhaveaconversation,howeverminimal."It'struethattalkingcanmakeyouhappy,whichcanleadtobettermentalhealth.However,ifyou'reanintrovert,thethoughtofstrikingupaconversationwithsomeonenewmightmakeyounervous.ButAmericanresearchsuggeststhat"bothextrovertsandintrovertsarehappierwhentheyareaskedtobehaveinanextrovertedmanner."Therefore,evenifyou'retypicallyintroverted,perhapsit'stimetocomeoutofyourshellandtrymakingsmalltalkwithastranger;itcouldpotentiallyleadtoanewfriendship.【重点词汇】1.according/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/prep.根据2.conversation/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/n.交谈3.commute/kəˈmjuːt/v.n.上下班往返4.carryon进行，继续5.personal/ˈpɜːrsənl/adj.个人的6.acknowledge/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/v.承认7.stranger/ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/n.陌生人8.evidence/ˈevɪdns/n.证据9.pluckupthecourage鼓起勇气10.strikeup开始（谈话）11.positive/ˈpɒzətɪv/adj.积极的12.experience/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/n.经验13.interact/ˌɪntərˈækt/v.相互作用14.misunderstanding/ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/n.误解15.consequence/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/n.后果16.social/ˈsəʊʃl/adj.社会的17.connection/kəˈnekʃən/n.联系18.uncomfortable/ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/adj.不舒服的19.intimidate/ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/v.恐吓20.initial/ɪˈnɪʃl/adj.最初的21.underestimate/ʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/v.低估22.Chicago/ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ/n.芝加哥23.participant/pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/n.参加者24.extroverted/ˈekstrəvɜːtɪd/adj.外向的25.loner/ˈləʊnə(r)/n.孤独者26.shell/ʃel/n.壳27.potential/pəˈtenʃl/adj.潜在的28.benefit/ˈbenəfɪt/v.n.获益29.behavioural/bɪˈheɪvjərəl/adj.行为的30.scientist/ˈsaɪəntɪst/n.科学家31.California/ˌkæləˈfɔːniə/n.加利福尼亚32.solitude/ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/n.孤独33.distant/ˈdɪstənt/adj.遥远的34.connection/kəˈnekʃən/n.联系35.intimidated/ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/adj.受到威胁的36.research/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/n.研究37.initiate/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/v.开始38.pleasant/ˈpleznt/adj.愉快的39.impact/ˈɪmpækt/n.影响40.well-being/ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/n.健康状况41.psychologist/saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/n.心理学家42.minimal/ˈmɪnɪml/adj.最小的43.nervous/ˈnɜːvəs/adj.紧张的44.potential/pəˈtenʃl/adj.潜在的45.extroverted/ˈekstrəvɜːtɪd/adj.外向的46.mood/muːd/n.心情47.behaviour/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n.行为48.introvert/ˈɪntrəvɜːt/n.内向者49.comeoutofone'sshell开朗起来50.friendship/ˈfrendʃɪp/n.友谊【阅读理解练习题】1.WhatdothebehaviouralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroedersuggestaboutstartingconversationswithstrangers?A)Itisgenerallyuncomfortableandintimidating.B)Itisbeneficialforourhealthandwell-being.C)Itdoesnotleadtonewfriendships.D)Itislesspleasantthantalkingtofriendsorfamilymembers.答案：B解析：文中提到这两位行为科学家的研究发现，与陌生人开始交流对我们的健康有益。2.HowdidparticipantsinaChicagocommuterexperimentrespondwhentheytriedtotalktostrangers?A)Theyfoundthestrangershostileandunfriendly.B)Theyweresurprisedbyhowreceptivethestrangerswere.C)Theyfeltuncomfortableandintimidated.D)Theyweredisappointedbythelackofresponsefromthestrangers.答案：B解析：文章提到研究人员在芝加哥进行了一个实验，结果是所有实验参与者试图和陌生人交谈时发现这些人都很愿意聊天。因此可以推断他们对这种经历感到惊讶。3.WhatdoessocialpsychologistGillianSandstromsuggestabouttalkingtostrangers?A)Itonlyhasaminimalimpactonourwell-being.B)Itcanimproveoursocialskills.C)Itputsusinabettermood.D)Itislesseffectivethantalkingtofriendsorfamilymembers.答案：C解析：文章中引用GillianSandstrom的话说，与别人建立联系后，无论多么微小，人们心情都会更好。4.WhatdidAmericanresearchsuggestaboutextrovertedbehavior?A)Itisonlybeneficialforextrovertedindividuals.B)Ithasnoimpactonone'shappinesslevel.C)Bothintrovertsandextrovertsbenefitfromit.D)Itleadstosocialanxietyandshouldbeavoided.答案：C解析：美国的研究表明“要求内向者表现得外向，无论外向者还是内向者，都会变得更快乐”。5.Whomightbehesitanttostartaconversationwithastranger?A)Someonewhoisoutgoingandsociable.B)Someonewhoistypicallytalkative.C)Someonewhoisintroverted.D)Someonewhoisdisrespectfulofothers.答案：C解析：文章提到如果你是一个内向的人，那么与陌生人开始聊天的想法可能会让你感到紧张。6.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutpeopletalkingontheirphonesinpublicspaces?A)Impressedbytheirabilitytomultitask.B)Disapprovingoftheirbehavior.C)Jealousoftheirsocialconnections.D)Inspiredtostrikeupconversationswithstrangers.答案：B解析：根据文章开头的描述，作者对于人们在公共场合高谈阔论朋友或家人的行为感到奇怪，因此可以判断他对这种行为持不赞成的态度。7.Whatmainpointismadeinthisarticle?A)Talkingtostrangerscanbegoodforourhealthandwell-being.B)Itisbesttoavoidinteractionswithstrangers.C)Extrovertedbehaviorisbetterthanintrovertedbehavior.D)Socialpsychologistshavelittleunderstandingofhumanbehavior.答案：A解析：文章的中心思想是和陌生人聊天对我们的健康和幸福有益。8.Ifyourfriendishesitanttotalktostrangers,whatinformationfromthearticlecouldyousharetoencouragethem?A)Evenintrovertsbenefitfromactingextrovertedincertainsituations.B)Americanresearchsuggeststhattalkingtostrangersleadstosocialanxiety.C)Strangersaretypicallyunfriendlyandunapproachable.D)Behavioralscientistshavefoundthatdistancingourselvesfromsocialconnectionsisbeneficialforourhealth.答案：A解析：根据文章，美国的研究表明“要求内向者表现得外向，无论外向者还是内向者，都会变得更快乐”。因此可以告诉朋友，即使他们是一个内向的人，在某些情况下也可以表现得外向一些。【全文逐句对照翻译】根据一些人的说法，“交谈是件好事。”Accordingtosomepeople,"it'sgoodtotalk."在我每天去伦敦的路上，我经常看到人们在电话里和朋友或家人交谈。AndonmydailycommutetoLondon,Ioftenseepeoplecarryingonconversationswithfriendsorfamilymembersoverthephone.然而，让我感到奇怪的是，他们说话的样子就好像他们的朋友就坐在他们旁边，而无视那些实际在场的人。However,itstrikesmeasoddthattheyspeakasiftheirfriendwassittingrightbesidethemwhiledisregardingthosewhoareactuallypresent.我们中的许多人每天都会花时间和陌生人在一起，比如在上下班途中，或者坐在公园里或咖啡馆里。Manyofusspendtimearoundstrangerseachday,suchasduringourcommuteorwhilesittinginaparkorcafe.但我们很少与他们互动。Butwerarelyinteractwiththem.然而，新的研究表明，与陌生人交谈对我们的健康有益。However,newresearchsuggeststhatstartingconversationswithstrangerscanbebeneficialforourhealth.芝加哥大学的行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利和加州大学的朱莉安娜·施罗德研究了人们是否误解了远距离社会关系的影响。BehaviouralscientistsNicholasEpleyfromtheUniversityofChicagoandJulianaSchroederfromtheUniversityofCaliforniastudiedwhetherpeoplemisunderstandtheeffectsofdistantsocialconnections.他们发现，当与陌生人开始交谈时，大多数人会感到不舒服和害怕。Theyfoundthatwhenitcomestoinitiatingconversationwithstrangers,mostpeoplefeeluncomfortableandintimidated.此外，当我们开始谈话时，我们往往会低估一个陌生人对我们的喜爱程度。Additionally,wetendtounderestimatehowmuchanewpersonmaylikeuswhenwestrikeupaconversation.研究人员对一群芝加哥通勤者进行了一项实验，发现“在我们的实验中，每个试图与陌生人交谈的参与者都发现，坐在他们旁边的人很乐意聊天。”TheresearchersconductedanexperimentinvolvingagroupofChicagocommutersandfoundthat"everyparticipantinourexperimentwhoactuallytriedtotalktoastrangerfoundthepersonsittingnexttothemwashappytochat."其他研究表明，与陌生人交往是令人惊讶的愉快，对我们的幸福有积极的影响。Otherstudiesindicatethatconnectingwithstrangersissurprisinglypleasanta